Molecular properties and biological functions of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 10, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2005, Pages 2150-2164

  Vaandrager, Arie B ^a,c   Hogema, Boris M ^b   De Jonge, Hugo R ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

cGMP kinase; Chondrogenesis; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic Nucleotides; Cystic fibrosis; Diarrheal Disease; Epithelial Ion Transport; Natriuresis; Protein Kinases; Review

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; CYCLIC GMP; CYCLIC GMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE; ELECTROLYTE; ENTEROTOXIN; GUANOSINE PHOSPHATE; GUANYLIN; HORMONE; ISOENZYME; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE TYPE C; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE (CALCIUM,CALMODULIN); PROTEIN KINASE (CALCIUM,CALMODULIN) II; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; UROGUANYLIN; WATER;

ADRENAL GLAND; ALDOSTERONE RELEASE; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; BRAIN; CHONDROGENESIS; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DIARRHEA; DIFFERENTIATION; DIMERIZATION; ENCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION; ENZYME ACTIVE SITE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; EPITHELIUM; EPITHELIUM CELL; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOME; HEAT; HUMAN; INTESTINE; INTESTINE CELL; ION TRANSPORT; KIDNEY; MAMMAL; MEMBRANE; MYRISTYLATION; NATRIURESIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RENIN RELEASE; SECRETION;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 21344459059     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/1687     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. de Jonge H R: Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in intestinal brushborders. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res 14, 315-333 (1981)
2. Vaandrager A B & H. R. de Jonge: Effect of cyclic GMP on intestinal transport. Adv Pharmacol 26, 253-283 (1994)
3. Uhler M D: Cloning and expression of a novel cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase from mouse brain. J Biol Chem 268, 13586-13591 (1993)
4. Jarchau T, C. Hausler, T. Markert, D. Pohler, J. Vanderkerckhove, H. R. de Jonge, S. M. Lohmann & U. Walter: Cloning, expression, and in situ localization of rat intestinal cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91, 9426-9430 (1994)
5. Pfeifer A, A. Aszodi, U. Seidler, P. Ruth, F. Hofmann & R. Fassler: Intestinal secretory defects and dwarfism in mice lacking cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. Science 274, 2082-2086 (1996)
6. Witczak O, S. Orstavik, V. Natarajan, E. Frengen, T. Jahnsen & M. Sandberg: Characterization of the gene encoding the human type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245, 113-119 (1998)
7. Gambaryan S, A. Palmetshofer, M. Glazova, A. Smolenski, G. I. Kristjansson, M. Zimmer & S. M. Lohmann: Inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II by its own splice isoform. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293, 1438-1444 (2002)
8. Orstavik S, R. Solberg, K. Tasken, M. Nordahl, M. R. Altherr, V. Hansson, T. Jahnsen & M. Sandberg: Molecular cloning, cDNA structure, and chromosomal localization of the human type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 220, 759-765 (1996)
9. Gambaryan S, E. Butt, K. Marcus, M. Glazova, A. Palmetshofer, G. Guillon & A. Smolenski: cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II regulates basal level of aldosterone production by zona glomerulosa cells without increasing expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene. J Biol Chem 278, 29640-29648 (2003)
10. Kulaksiz H, A. Schmid, M. Honscheid, A. Ramaswamy & Y. Cetin: Clara cell impact in air-side activation of CFTR in small pulmonary airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 6796-6801 (2002)
11. Kulaksiz H, T. Schlenker, D. Rost, A. Stiehl, M. Volkmann, T. Lehnert, Y. Cetin & W. Stremmel: Guanylin regulates chloride secretion in the human gallbladder via the bile fluid. Gastroenterology 126, 732-740 (2004)
12. Kulaksiz H, A. Schmid, M. Honscheid, R. Eissele, J. Klempnauer & Y. Cetin: Guanylin in the human pancreas: a novel luminocrine regulatory pathway of electrolyte secretion via cGMP and CFTR in the ductal system. Histochem Cell Biol 115, 131-145 (2001)
13. Kulaksiz H, E. Rehberg, W. Stremmel & Y. Cetin: Guanylin and functional coupling proteins in the human salivary glands and gland tumors : expression, cellular localization, and target membrane domains. Am J Pathol 161, 655-664 (2002)
14. Fujii M, T. Ogata, E. Takahashi, K. Yamada, K. Nakabayashi, M. Oishi & D. Ayusawa: Expression of the human cGMP-dependent protein kinase II gene is lost upon introduction of SV40 T antigen or immortalization in human cells. FEBS Lett 375, 263-267 (1995)
15. Cook A L & J. M. Haynes: Protein kinase G II-mediated proliferative effects in human cultured prostatic stromal cells. Cell Signal 16, 253-261 (2004)
16. Gamm D M, L. K. Barthel, P. A. Raymond & M. D. Uhler: Localization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase isoforms in mouse eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41, 2766-2773 (2000)
17. Markert T, A. B. Vaandrager, S. Gambaryan, D. Pohler, C. Hausler, U. Walter, H. R. de Jonge, T. Jarchau & S. M. Lohmann: Endogenous expression of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase mRNA and protein in rat intestine. Implications for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. J Clin Invest 96, 822-830 (1995)
18. Vaandrager A B, B. C. Tilly, A. Smolenski, S. Schneider-Rasp, A. G. Bot, M. Edixhoven, B. J. Scholte, T. Jarchau, U. Walter, S. M. Lohmann, W. C. Poller & H. R. de Jonge: cGMP stimulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channels co-expressed with cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II but not type Ibeta. J Biol Chem 272, 4195-4200 (1997)
19. Selvaraj N G, R. Prasad, J. L. Goldstein & M. C. Rao: Evidence for the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase-II in human distal colon and in T84, the colonic cell line. Biochim Biophys Acta 1498, 32-43 (2000)
20. Hoenderop J G, A. B. Vaandrager, L. Dijkink, A. Smolenski, S. Gambaryan, S. M. Lohmann, H. R. de Jonge, P. H. Willems & R. J. Bindels: Atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated Ca2+ reabsorption in rabbit kidney requires membrane-targeted, cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 6084-6089 (1999)
21. El Husseini A E, C. Bladen & S. R. Vincent: Molecular characterization of a type II cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase expressed in the rat brain. J Neurochem 64, 2814-2817 (1995)
22. de Vente J, E. Asan, S. Gambaryan, M. Markerink-van Ittersum, H. Axer, K. Gallatz, S. M. Lohmann & M. Palkovits: Localization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II in rat brain. Neuroscience 108, 27-49 (2001)
23. Gambaryan S, C. Hausler, T. Markert, D. Pohler, T. Jarchau, U. Walter, W. Haase, A. Kurtz & S. M. Lohmann: Expression of type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase in rat kidney is regulated by dehydration and correlated with renin gene expression. J Clin Invest 98, 662-670 (1996)
24. Carrithers S L, B. Taylor, W. Y. Cai, B. R. Johnson, C. E. Ott, R. N. Greenberg & B. A. Jackson: Guanylyl cyclase-C receptor mRNA distribution along the rat nephron. Regul Pept 95, 65-74 (2000)
25. El Husseini A E, C. Bladen, J. A. Williams, P. B. Reiner & S. R. Vincent: Nitric oxide regulates cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation in rat brain. J Neurochem 71, 676-683 (1998)
26. Miyazawa T, Y. Ogawa, H. Chusho, A. Yasoda, N. Tamura, Y. Komatsu, A. Pfeifer, F. Hofmann & K. Nakao: Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II plays a critical role in C-type natriuretic peptide-mediated endochondral ossification. Endocrinology 143, 3604-3610 (2002)
27. Lohmann S M, A. B. Vaandrager, A. Smolenski, U. Walter & H. R. de Jonge: Distinct and specific functions of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 22, 307-312 (1997)
28. Vaandrager A B, E. M. Ehlert, T. Jarchau, S. M. Lohmann & H. R. de Jonge: N-terminal myristoylation is required for membrane localization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II. J Biol Chem 271, 7025-7029 (1996)
29. Taylor M K & M. D. Uhler: The amino-terminal cyclic nucleotide binding site of the type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase is essential for full cyclic nucleotide-dependent activation. J Biol Chem 275, 28053-28062 (2000)
30. Gamm D M, S. H. Francis, T. P. Angelotti, J. D. Corbin & M. D. Uhler: The type II isoform of cGMP-dependent protein kinase is dimeric and possesses regulatory and catalytic properties distinct from the type I isoforms. J Biol Chem 270, 27380-27388 (1995)
31. Vaandrager A B, M. Edixhoven, A. G. Bot, M. A. Kroos, T. Jarchau, S. Lohmann, H. G. Genieser & H. R. de Jonge: Endogenous type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase exists as a dimer in membranes and can Be functionally distinguished from the type I isoforms. J Biol Chem 272, 11816-11823 (1997)
32. Heller W T, D. Vigil, S. Brown, D. K. Blumenthal, S. S. Taylor & J. Trewhella: C subunits binding to the protein kinase A RI alpha dimer induce a large conformational change. J Biol Chem 279, 19084-19090 (2004)
33. Wall M E, S. H. Francis, J. D. Corbin, K. Grimes, R. Richie-Jannetta, J. Kotera, B. A. Macdonald, R. R. Gibson & J. Trewhella: Mechanisms associated with cGMP binding and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 2380-2385 (2003)
34. Taylor M K, R. Ahmed, M. Begley & M. D. Uhler: Autoinhibition and isoform-specific dominant negative inhibition of the type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 277, 37242-37253 (2002)
35. Vaandrager A B, A. Smolenski, B. C. Tilly, A. B. Houtsmuller, E. M. Ehlert, A. G. Bot, M. Edixhoven, W. E. Boomaars, S. M. Lohmann & H. R. de Jonge: Membrane targeting of cGMP-dependent protein kinase is required for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl-channel activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 1466-1471 (1998)
36. de Jonge H R: Cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of intestinal epithelium proteins. Nature 262, 591-593 (1976)
37. Vaandrager A B, B. M. Hogema, M. Edixhoven, C. M. van den Burg, A. G. Bot, P. Klatt, P. Ruth, F. Hofmann, J. Van Damme, J. Vandekerckhove & H. R. de Jonge: Autophosphorylation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II. J Biol Chem 278, 28651-28658 (2003)
38. Feil R, J. Kellermann & F. Hofmann: Functional cGMP-dependent protein kinase is phosphorylated in its catalytic domain at threonine-516. Biochemistry 34, 13152-13158 (1995)
39. Pohler D, E. Butt, J. Meissner, S. Muller, M. Lohse, U. Walter, S. M. Lohmann & T. Jarchau: Expression, purification, and characterization of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases I beta and II using the baculovirus system. FEBS Lett 374, 419-425 (1995)
40. van Dommelen F S, C. M. Hamer & H. R. de Jonge: Efficient entrapment of large and small compounds during vesiculation of intestinal microvilli. Biochem J 236, 771-778 (1986)
41. Eigenthaler M, C. Nolte, M. Halbrugge & U. Walter: Concentration and regulation of cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and one of their major substrates in human platelets. Estimating the rate of cAMP-regulated and cGMP-regulated protein phosphorylation in intact cells. Eur J Biochem 205, 471-481 (1992)
42. Vaandrager A B, A. G. Bot & H. R. de Jonge: Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase II mediates heat-stable enterotoxin-provoked chloride secretion in rat intestine. Gastroenterology 112, 437-443 (1997)
43. Smolenski A, A. M. Burkhardt, M. Eigenthaler, E. Butt, S. Gambaryan, S. M. Lohmann & U. Walter: Functional analysis of cGMP-dependent protein kinases I and II as mediators of NO/cGMP effects. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 358, 134-139 (1998)
44. Doskeland S O, O. K. Vintermyr, J. D. Corbin & D. Ogreid: Studies on the interactions between the cyclic nucleotide-binding sites of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 262, 3534-3540 (1987)
45. Hofmann F & V. Flockerzi: Characterization of phosphorylated and native cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Eur J Biochem 130, 599-603 (1983)
46. Neitzel J J, W. R. Dostmann & S. S. Taylor: Role of MgATP in the activation and reassociation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I: consequences of replacing the essential arginine in cAMP binding site A. Biochemistry 30, 733-739 (1991)
47. Chu D M, S. H. Francis, J. W. Thomas, E. A. Maksymovitch, M. Fosler & J. D. Corbin: Activation by autophosphorylation or cGMP binding produces a similar apparent conformational change in cGMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 273, 14649-14656 (1998)
48. French P J, J. Bijman, M. Edixhoven, A. B. Vaandrager, B. J. Scholte, S. M. Lohmann, A. C. Nairn & H. R. de Jonge: Isotype-specific activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-chloride channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. J Biol Chem 270, 26626-26631 (1995)
49. Scherer-Oppliger T, W. Leimbacher, N. Blau & B. Thony: Serine 19 of human 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase is phosphorylated by cGMP protein kinase II. J Biol Chem 274, 31341-31348 (1999)
50. de Jonge H R & S. M. Lohmann: Mechanisms by which cyclic nucleotides and other intracellular mediators regulate secretion. Ciba Found Symp 112,116-138 (1985)
51. + antiporter 3 (NHE3) requires PDZ domain adaptor NHERF2, a broad specificity G kinase anchoring-protein. J Biol Chem, Epub ahead of print (2005)
52. Gudi T, G. K. Hong, A. B. Vaandrager, S. M. Lohmann & R. B. Pilz: Nitric oxide and cGMP regulate gene expression in neuronal and glial cells by activating type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase. FASEB J 13, 2143-2152 (1999)
53. Vo N K, J. M. Gettemy & V. M. Coghlan: Identification of cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring proteins (GKAPs). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246, 831-835 (1998)
54. Vaandrager A B, A. G. Bot, P. Ruth, A. Pfeifer, F. Hofmann & H. R. de Jonge: Differential role of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II in ion transport in murine small intestine and colon. Gastroenterology 118, 108-114 (2000)
55. Vaandrager A B: Structure and function of the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor/guanylyl cyclase C. Mol Cell Biochem 230, 73-83 (2002)
56. Zachos N C, M. Tse & M. Donowitz: Molecular physiology of intestinal Na+/H+ exchange. Annu Rev Physiol in press, (2005)
57. Field M: Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea. J Clin Invest 111, 931-943 (2003)
58. Kulaksiz H & Y. Cetin: The electrolyte/fluid secretion stimulatory peptides guanylin and uroguanylin and their common functional coupling proteins in the rat pancreas: a correlative study of expression and cell-specific localization. Pancreas 25, 170-175 (2002)
59. Cetin Y, H. Kulaksiz, P. Redecker, G. Bargsten, K. Adermann, D. Grube & W. G. Forssmann: Bronchiolar nonciliated secretory (Clara) cells: source of guanylin in the mammalian lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 5925-5929 (1995)
60. Chikuda H, F. Kugimiya, K. Hoshi, T. Ikeda, T. Ogasawara, T. Shimoaka, H. Kawano, S. Kamekura, A. Tsuchida, N. Yokoi, K. Nakamura, K. Komeda, UI. Chung & H. Kawaguchi: Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II is a molecular switch from proliferation to hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Genes Dev 18, 2418-2429 (2004)
61. Newman B & G. A. Wallis: Skeletal dysplasias caused by a disruption of skeletal patterning and endochondral ossification. Clin Genet 63, 241-251 (2003)
62. Schipani E, B. Lanske, J. Hunzelman, A. Luz, C. S. Kovacs, K. Lee, A. Pirro, H. M. Kronenberg & H. Juppner: Targeted expression of constitutively active receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays endochondral bone formation and rescues mice that lack parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 13689-13694 (1997)
63. Yasoda A, Y. Komatsu, H. Chusho, T. Miyazawa, A. Ozasa, M. Miura, T. Kurihara, T. Rogi, S. Tanaka, M. Suda, N. Tamura, Y. Ogawa & K. Nakao: Overexpression of CNP in chondrocytes rescues achondroplasia through a MAPK-dependent pathway. Nat Med 10, 80-86 (2004)
64. Ionescu A M, E. M. Schwarz, C. Vinson, J. E. Puzas, R. Rosier, P. R. Reynolds & R. J. O'Keefe: PTHrP modulates chondrocyte differentiation through AP-1 and CREB signaling. J Biol Chem 276, 11639-11647 (2001)
65. Schipani E, B. Lanske, J. Hunzelman, A. Luz, C. S. Kovacs, K. Lee, A. Pirro, H. M. Kronenberg & H. Juppner: Targeted expression of constitutively active receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays endochondral bone formation and rescues mice that lack parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 13689-13694 (1997)
66. Gambaryan S, C. Wagner, A. Smolenski, U. Walter, W. Poller, W. Haase, A. Kurtz & S. M. Lohmann: Endogenous or overexpressed cGMP-dependent protein kinases inhibit cAMP-dependent renin release from rat isolated perfused kidney, microdissected glomeruli, and isolated juxtaglomerular cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 9003-9008 (1998)
67. Wagner C, A. Pfeifer, P. Ruth, F. Hofmann & A. Kurtz: Role of cGMP-kinase II in the control of renin secretion and renin expression. J Clin Invest 102, 1576-1582 (1998)
68. MacFarland R T, B. D. Zelus & J. A. Beavo: High concentrations of a cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase mediate ANP-induced decreases in cAMP and steroidogenesis in adrenal glomerulosa cells. J Biol Chem 266, 136-142 (1991)
69. Eklof A C, U. Holtback, J. Svennilson, A. Fienberg, P. Greengard & A. Aperia: Increased blood pressure and loss of ANP-induced natriuresis in mice lacking DARPP-32 gene. Clin Exp Hypertens 23, 449-460 (2001)
70. Lorenz J N, M. Nieman, J. Sabo, L. P. Sanford, J. A. Hawkins, N. Elitsur, L. R. Gawenis, L. L. Clarke & M. B. Cohen: Uroguanylin knockout mice have increased blood pressure and impaired natriuretic response to enterai NaCl load. J Clin Invest 112, 1244-1254 (2003)
71. Carrithers S L, C. E. Ott, M. J. Hill, B. R. Johnson, W. Cai, J. J. Chang, R. G. Shah, C. Sun, E. A. Mann, M. C. Fonteles, L. R. Forte, B. A. Jackson, R. A. Giannella & R. N. Greenberg: Guanylin and uroguanylin induce natriuresis in mice lacking guanylyl cyclase-C receptor. Kidney Int 65, 40-53 (2004)
72. Lorenz J N, M. Nieman, J. Sabo, L. P. Sanford, J. A. Hawkins, N. Elitsur, L. R. Gawenis, L. L. Clarke & M. B. Cohen: Uroguanylin knockout mice have increased blood pressure and impaired natriuretic response to enteral NaCl load. J Clin Invest 112, 1244-1254 (2003)
73. Werner C, G. Raivich, M. Cowen, T. Strekalova, I. Sillaber, J. T. Buters, R. Spanagel & F. Hofmann: Importance of NO/cGMP signalling via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II for controlling emotionality and neurobehavioural effects of alcohol. Eur J Neurosci 20, 3498-3506 (2004)
74. Oster H, C. Werner, M. C. Magnone, H. Mayser, R. Feil, M. W. Seeliger, F. Hofmann & U. Albrecht: cGMP-dependent protein kinase II modulates mPer1 and mPer2 gene induction and influences phase shifts of the circadian clock. Curr Biol 13, 725-733 (2003)
75. Ferreyra G A & D. A. Golombek: Rhythmicity of the cGMP-related signal transduction pathway in the mammalian circadian system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280, R1348-R1355 (2001)
76. Kleppisch T, A. Pfeifer, P. Klatt, P. Ruth, A. Montkowski, R. Fassler & F. Hofmann: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice lacking cGMP-dependent kinases is normal and susceptible to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. J Neurosci 19, 48-55 (1999)
77. Ben Shahar Y, A. Robichon, M. B. Sokolowski & G. E. Robinson: Influence of gene action across different time scales on behavior. Science 296, 741-744 (2002)
78. Osborne K A, A. Robichon, E. Burgess, S. Butland, R. A. Shaw, A. Coulthard, H. S. Pereira, R. J. Greenspan & M. B. Sokolowski: Natural behavior polymorphism due to a cGMP-dependent protein kinase of Drosophila. Science 277, 834-836 (1997)
79. Pilz R B & D. E. Casteel: Regulation of gene expression by cyclic GMP. Circ Res 93, 1034-1046 (2003)
80. Pitari G M, L. V. Zingman, D. M. Hodgson, A. E. Alekseev, S. Kazerounian, M. Bienengraeber, G. Hajnoczky, A. Terzic & S. A. Waldman: Bacterial enterotoxins are associated with resistance to colon cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 2695-2699 (2003)
81. Shailubhai K, H. H. Yu, K. Karunanandaa, J. Y. Wang, S. L. Eber, Y. Wang, N. S. Joo, H. D. Kim, B. W. Miedema, S. Z. Abbas, S. S. Boddupalli, M. G. Currie & L. R. Forte: Uroguanylin treatment suppresses polyp formation in the Apc(Min/+) mouse and induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells via cyclic GMP. Cancer Res 60, 5151-5157 (2000)
82. Goldberg J M, L. Bosgraaf, P. J. Van Haastert & J. L. Smith: Identification of four candidate cGMP targets in Dictyostelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 6749-6754 (2002)
83. Ding J W, J. Dickie, H. O'Brodovich, Y. Shintani, B. Rafii, D. Hackam, Y. Marunaka & O. D. Rotstein: Inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium-channel activity in distal lung epithelial cells by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol 274, L378-L387 (1998)
84. Poschet J F, G. Timmins & V. Deretic: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors correct hyperacidification defect of trans-Golgi network in cytic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Pediatric Pulmonol Suppl 27, 240 (2004)
85. Poschet J F, J. C. Boucher, L. Tatterson, J. Skidmore, R. W. Van Dyke & V. Deretic: Molecular basis for defective glycosylation and Pseudomonas pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 13972-13977 (2001)