A novel site contributing to growth-arrest-specific gene 6 binding to its receptors as revealed by a human monoclonal antibody

Biochemical Journal

Volumn 387, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 727-735

  Fisher, Paul W ^a   Brigham Burke, Michael ^a   Wu, Sheng Jiun ^a   Luo, Jinquan ^a   Carton, Jill ^a   Staquet, Kim ^a   Gao, Wei ^a   Jackson, Sheila ^a   Bethea, Deidra ^a   Chen, Cailin ^b   Hu, Bing ^a   Giles Komar, Jill ^a   Yang, Jing ^a  

^a CENTOCOR INC   (United States)

^b JOHNSON AND JOHNSON PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

Axl; Growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6); Laminin like globular domain; Monoclonal antibody; Platelet; Receptor tyrosine kinase

Indexed keywords

ENZYMES; GROWTH KINETICS; HYDROPHOBICITY; LIVING SYSTEMS STUDIES; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; VITAMINS;

BINDING AFFINITY; GROWTH ARREST SPECIFIC GENES; RECEPTORS; THROMBOSIS;

GENES;

EDETIC ACID; GROWTH ARREST SPECIFIC PROTEIN 6; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CNTO300; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL CELL; ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ARTICLE; BINDING KINETICS; BINDING SITE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYBRIDOMA; HYDROPHOBICITY; IMMUNIZATION; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; RECEPTOR BINDING; THROMBOSIS; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; BINDING SITES; CALCIUM; EPITOPE MAPPING; HUMANS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; KINETICS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY;

MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 21044442358     PISSN: 02646021     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20040859     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ohashi, K., Mizuno, K., Kuma, K., Miyata, T. and Nakamura, T. (1994) Cloning of the cDNA for a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, Sky, predominantly expressed in brain Oncogene 9, 699-705
2. Godowski, P. J., Mark, M. R., Chen, J., Sadick, M. D., Raab, H. and Hammonds, R. G. (1995) Reevaluation of the roles of protein S and Gas6 as ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase Rse/Tyro 3. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 82, 355-358
3. Ohashi, K., Nagata, K., Toshima, J., Nakano, T., Arita, H., Tsuda, H., Suzuki, K. and Mizuno, K. (1995) Stimulation of sky receptor tyrosine kinase by the product of growth arrest-specific gene 6. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22681-22684
4. Stitt, T. N., Conn, G., Gore, M., Lai, C., Bruno, J., Radziejewski, C., Mattsson, K., Fisher, J. Gies, D. R., Jones, P. F. et al. (1995) The anticoagulation factor protein S and its relative, Gas6, are ligands for the Tyro 3/Axl family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 80, 661-670
5. Varnum, B. C., Young, C., Elliott, G., Garcia, A., Bartley, T. D., Fridell, Y. W., Hunt, R. W., Trail, G., Clogston, C., Toso, R. J. et al. (1995) Axl receptor tyrosine kinase stimulated by the vitamin K-dependent protein encoded by growth-arrest-specific gene 6. Nature (London) 373, 623-626
6. Nagata, K., Ohashi, K., Nakano, T., Arita, H., Zong, C., Hanafusa, H. and Mizuno, K. (1996) Identification of the product of growth arrest-specific gene 6 as a common ligand for Axl, Sky, and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 30022-30027
7. Crosier, K. E. and Crosier, P. S. (1997) New insights into the control of cell growth; the role of the Axl family. Pathology 29, 131-135
8. Manfioletti, G., Brancolini, C., Avanzi, G. and Schneider, C. (1993) The protein encoded by a growth arrest-specific gene (gas6) is a new member of the vitamin K-dependent proteins related to protein S, a negative coregulator in the blood coagulation cascade. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 4976-4985
9. Prieto, A. L., Weber, J. L., Tracy, S., Heeb, M. J. and Lai, C. (1999) Gas6, a ligand for the receptor protein-tyrosine kinase Tyro-3, is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 816, 646-661
10. Ishimoto, Y. and Nakano, T. (2000) Release of a product of growth arrest-specific gene 6 from rat platelets. FEBS Lett. 466, 197-199
11. Angelillo-Scherrer, A., de Frutos, P., Aparicio, C., Melis, E., Savi, P., Lupu, F., Arnout, J., Dewerchin, M., Hoylaerts, M., Herbert, J. et al. (2001) Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis. Nat. Med. (N.Y.) 7, 215-221
12. Melaragno, M. G., Wuthrich, D. A., Poppa, V., Gill, D., Lindner, V., Berk, B. C. and Corson, M. A. (1998) Increased expression of Axl tyrosine kinase after vascular injury and regulation by G protein-coupled receptor agonists in rats. Circ. Res. 83, 697-704
13. Melaragno, M. G., Fridell, Y. W. and Berk, B. C. (1999) The Gas6/Axl system: a novel regulator of vascular cell function. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 250-253
14. O'Donnell, K., Harkes, I. C., Dougherty, L. and Wicks, I. P. (1999) Expression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and its ligand Gas6 in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for a novel endothelial cell survival pathway. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 1171-1180
15. Carmeliet, P. and Luttun, A. (2001) Genetic studies on the role of proteinases and growth factors in atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 947, 124-133
16. Nakano, T., Higashino, K., Kikuchi, N., Kishino, J., Nomura, K., Fujita, H., Ohara, O. and Arita, H. (1995) Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived, Gla-containing growth-potentiating factor for Ca(2+)-mobilizing growth factors. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5702-5705
17. Nakano, T., Kawamoto, K., Higashino, K. and Arita, H. (1996) Prevention of growth arrest-induced cell death of vascular smooth muscle cells by a product of growth arrest-specific gene, gas6. FEBS Lett. 387, 78-80
18. Yanagita, M., Arai, H., Ishii, K., Nakano, T., Ohashi, K., Mizuno, K., Varnum, B., Fukatsu, A., Doi, T. and Kita, T. (2001) Gas6 regulates mesangial cell proliferation through Axl in experimental glomerulonephritis. Am. J. Pathol. 158, 1423-1432
19. Katagiri, M., Hakeda, Y., Chikazu, D., Ogasawara, T., Takato, T., Kumegawa, M., Nakamura, K. and Kawaguchi, H. (2001) Mechanism of stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption through Gas6/Tyro 3, a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, in mouse osteoclasts. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 7376-7382
20. Loeser, R. F., Varnum, B. C., Carlson, C. S., Goldring, M. B., Liu, E. T., Sadiev, S., Kute, T. E. and Wallin, R. (1997) Human chondrocyte expression of growth-arrest-specific gene 6 and the tyrosine kinase receptor axl: potential role in autocrine signaling in cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 40, 1455-1465
21. Li, R., Chen, J., Hammonds, G., Phillips, H., Armanini, M., Wood, P., Bunge, R., Godowski, P. J., Sliwkowski, M. X. and Mather, J. P. (1996) Identification of Gas6 as a growth factor for human Schwann cells. J. Neurosci. 16, 2012-2019
22. Hall, M. O., Prieto, A. L., Obin, M. S., Abrams, T. A., Burgess, B. L., Heeb, M. J. and Agnew, B. J. (2001) Outer segment phagocytosis by cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells requires Gas6. Exp. Eye Res. 73, 509-520
23. Goruppi, S., Ruaro, E. and Schneider, C. (1996) Gas6, the ligand of Axl tyrosine kinase receptor, has mitogenic and survival activities for serum starved NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Oncogene 12, 471-480
24. Fridell, Y. W., Villa, Jr, J., Attar, E. C. and Liu, E. T. (1998) GAS6 induces Axl-mediated chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7123-7126
25. Nakano, T., Kawamoto, K., Kishino, J., Nomura, K., Higashino, K. and Arita, H. (1997) Requirement of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues for the biological activity of Gas6: contribution of endogenous Gas6 to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem. J. 323, 387-392
26. Tanabe, K., Nagata, K., Ohashi, K., Nakano, T., Arita, H. and Mizuno, K. (1997) Roles of gamma-carboxylation and a sex hormone-binding globulin-like domain in receptor-binding and in biological activities of Gas6. FEBS Lett. 408, 306-310
27. Mark, M. R., Chen, J., Hammonds, R. G., Sadick, M. and Godowsk, P. J. (1996) Characterization of Gas6, a member of the superfamily of G domain-containing proteins, as a ligand for Rse and Axl. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9785-9789
28. Goruppi, S., Yamane, H., Marcandalli, P., Garcia, A., Clogston, C., Gostissa, M., Varnum, B. and Schneider, C. (1997) The product of a gas6 splice variant allows the release of the domain responsible for Axl tyrosine kinase receptor activation. FEBS Lett. 415, 59-63
29. Sasaki, T., Knyazev, P. G., Cheburkin, Y., Gohring, W., Tisi, D., Ullrich, A., Timpl, R. and Hohenester, E. (2002) Crystal structure of a C-terminal fragment of growth arrest-specific protein Gas6. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation by laminin G-like domains. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44164-44170
30. Bruggemann, M., Caskey, H. M., Teale, C., Waldmann, H., Williams, G. T., Surani, M. A. and Neuberger, M. S. (1989) A repertoire of monoclonal antibodies with human heavy chains from transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 6709-6713
31. Taylor, L. D., Carmack, C. E., Huszar, D., Higgins, K. M., Mashayekh, R., Sequar, G., Schramm, S. R., Kuo, C.-C., O'Donnell, S. L., Kay, R. M. et al. (1993) Human immunoglobulin transgenes undergo rearrangement, somatic mutation and class switching in mice that lack endogeneous IgM. Int. Immunol. 6, 579-591
32. Lonberg, N., Taylor, L. D., Harding, F. A., Trounstine, M., Higgins, K. M., Schramm, S. R., Kuo, C.-C., Mashayekh, R., Wymore, K., McCabe, J. G. et al. (1994) Antigen-specific human antibodies from mice comprising four distinct genetic modifications. Nature (London) 368, 856-859
33. Fishwild, D. M., O'Donnell, S. L., Bengoechea, T., Hudson, D. V., Harding, F., Bernhard, S. L., Jones, D., Kay, R. M., Higgins, K. M., Schramm, S. R. et al. (1996) High-avidity human IgG1 monoclonal aniibodies from a novel strain of minilocus transgenic mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 14, 845-851
34. Neuberger, M. (1996) Generating high-avidity human Mabs in mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 14, 826
35. Mendez, M. J., Green, L. L., Corvalan, J. R. F., Jia, X.-C., Maynard-Currie, C. E., Yang, X.-D., Gallo, M. L., Louie, D. M., Lee, D. V., Erickson, K. L. et al. (1997) Functional transplant of megabase human immunoglobulin loci recapitulates human antibody response in mice. Nat. Genet. 14, 146-156
36. Chen, J., Carey, K. and Godowski, P. J. (1997) Identification of Gas6 as a ligand for Mer, a neural cell adhesion molecule related receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in cellular transformation. Oncogene 14, 2033-2039
37. Yan, S. B. (1996) Review of conformation-specific affinity purification methods for plasma vitamin K-dependent proteins. J. Mol. Recognit. 9, 211-218
38. Lu, Q. and Lemke, G. (2001) Homeostatic regulation of the immune system by receptor tyrosine kinases of the Tyro 3 family. Science 293, 306-311
39. Graham, D. K., Oawson, T. L., Mullaney, D. L., Snodgrass, H. R. and Earp, H. S. (1994) Cloning and mRNA expression analysis of a novel human protooncogene, c-mer. Cell Growth Differ. 5, 647-657
40. Neubauer, A., Fiebeler, A., Graham, D. K., O'Bryan, J. P., Schmidt, C. A., Barckow, P., Serke, S., Siegert, W., Snodgrass, H. R., Huhn, D. et al. (1994) Expression of axl, a transforming receptor tyrosine kinase, in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Blood 84, 1931-1941
41. Crosier, P. S., Hall, L. R., Vitas, M. R. Lewis, P. M. and Crosier, K. E. (1995) Identification of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in acute myeloid leukemic blasts. Leuk. Lymphoma 18, 443-449
42. Schwartzberg, P. L. (2001) Immunology. Tampering with the immune system. Science 293, 228-229
43. Lu, Q., Gore, M., Zhang, Q., Camenisch, T., Boast, S., Casagranda, F., Lai, C., Skinner, M. K., Klein, R., Matsushima, G. K. et al. (1999) Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis. Nature (London) 398, 723-728
44. Neubauer, A., Burchert, A., Maiwald, C., Gruss, H. J., Serke, S., Huhn, D., Willig, B. and Liu, E. (1997) Recent progress on the role of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in malignant transformation of myeloid leukemias. Leuk. Lymphoma 25, 91-96
45. Nagai, K., Arai, H., Yanagita, M., Matsubara, T., Kanamori, H., Nakano, T., Iehara, N., Fukatsu, A., Kita, T. and Doi, T. (2003) Growth arrest-specific gene 6 is involved in glomerular hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18229-18234
46. Yin, J. L., Hambly, B. D., Bao, S. S., Painter, D., Bishop, G. A. and Eris, J. M. (2003) Expression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 and its receptors in dysfunctional human renal allografts. Transpl. Int. 16, 681-688
47. Fiebeler, A., Park, J. K., Muller, D. N., Lindschau, C., Mengel, M., Merkel, S., Banas, B., Luft, F. C. and Haller, H. (2004) Growth arrest specific protein 6/Axl signaling in human nflammatory renal diseases. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 43, 286-295
48. Munoz, X., Sumoy, L., Ramirez-Lorca, R., Villar, J., de Frutos, P. G. and Sala, N. (2004) Human vitamin K-dependent GAS6: gene structure, allelic variation, and association with stroke. Hum. Mutat. 23, 506-512