The metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: A review

International Review of Psychiatry

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 173-180

  Meyer, Jonathan ^a,b   Koro, Carol E ^c,d,g   L'Italien, Gilbert J ^e,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^c GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^e BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CLOZAPINE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; TOPIRAMATE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AWARENESS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; LIFESTYLE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SMOKING; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; WEIGHT GAIN;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 20444506076     PISSN: 09540261     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09540260500071798     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2003). NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes, 52, 1210-1214.
2. American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. (2004a). Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27, 596-601.
3. American Diabetes Association. American Psychiatric Association. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004b). Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 267-272.
4. Basu, R., Brar, J. S., Chengappa, K. N., John, V., Parepally, H., Gershon, S., Schlicht, P., & Kupfer, D. J. (2004). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder-bipolar subtype. Bipolar Disorders, 6, 314-318.
5. Davidson, S., Judd, F., Jolley, D., Hocking, B., Thompson, S., & Hyland, B. (2001). Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 196-202.
6. Dixon, L., Weiden, P., Delahanty, J., Goldberg, R., Postrado, L., Lucksted, A., et al. (2000). Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 903-912.
7. Elman, I., Adler, C. M., Malhotra, A. K., Bir, C., Pickar, D., & Breier, A. (1998). Effect of acute metabolic stress on pituitary-adrenal axis activation in patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 979-981.
8. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001). Executive Summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2486-2497.
9. Ford, E. S., & Giles, W. H. (2003). A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care, 26, 575-581.
10. Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 356-359.
11. Groop, L. C. (1999). Insulin resistance: the fundamental trigger of type II diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 1, S1-S7.
12. Grundy, S. M., Brewer, H. B., Cleeman, J. I., Smith, S. C., & Lenfant, C., for the Conference Participants. (2004). Definition of Metabolic Syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation, 109, 433-438.
13. Heiskanen, T., Niskanen, L., Lyytikainen, R., Saarinen, P. I., & Hintikka, J. (2003). Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 575-579.
14. Herings, R. M., & Erkens, J. A. (2003). Increased suicide attempt rate among patients interrupting use of atypical antipsychotics. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 12, 423-424.
15. Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsen, B., Lahti, K., Nissen, M., et al. (2001). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 24, 683-689.
16. Kato, M. M., Gonzalez-Blanco, M., Sotelo, J. L., Ferreira, G., Tuckler, A., & Currier, B. (2003). Metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: A pilot study. Abstract presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
17. Koro, C. E., Fedder, D. O., L'Italien, G. J., Weiss, S. S., Magder, L. S., Kreyenbuhl, J., et al. (2002). Assessment of independent effect of olanzapine and risperidone on risk of diabetes among patients with schizophrenia: Population based nested case-control study. British Medical Journal, 325, 283-288.
18. Lakka, H. M., Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, T. A., Niskanen, L. K., Kumpusalo, E., Tuomilehto, J., et al. (2002). The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 2709-2716.
19. Leslie, D. L., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2004). Incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes attributable to atypical antipsychotic medications. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1709-1711.
20. Littrell, K. H., Petty, R., Hilligoss, N., Kirshner, C., Johnson, C., Ortega, T., et al. (2003). Insulin resistance and Syndrome X among patients with schizophrenia. Abstract presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
21. Marder, S. R., Essock, S. M., Miller, A. L., Buchanan, R. W., Casey, D. E., Davis, J. M., et al. (2004). Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1334-1349.
22. McNeill, A. M., Rosamond, W. D., Girman, C. J., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2002). A new definition of the metabolic syndrome predicts incident coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Circulation, 106, 11-765.
23. Melkersson, K., & Dahl, M. L. (2004). Adverse metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotics: literature review and clinical implications. Drugs, 64, 701-723.
24. Meyer, J. M. (2003). Cardiovascular illness and hyperlipidemia in patients with schizophrenia. In: J. M. Meyer & H. Nasrallah (Eds), Medical illness and schizophrenia (pp. 59-89). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
25. Meyer, J. M., Loh, C., Leckband, S. G., Boyd, J. A., Wirshing, W. C., Pierre, J. M., & Wirshing, D. A. (2005, 23 May). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Abstract presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia.
26. Meyer, J. M., & Koro, C. E. (2004). The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: A comprehensive review. Schizophrenia Research, 70, 1-17.
27. Meyer, J. M., & Nasrallah, H. A. (Eds) (2003). Medical illness and schizophrenia (p 254). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
28. Nasrallah, H. (2003). A review of the effect of atypical antipsychotics on weight. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 83-96.
29. Newcomer, J. W., Haupt, D. W., Fucetola, R., Melson, A. K., Schweiger, J. A., Cooper, B. P., et al. (2002). Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 337-345.
30. Osby, U., Correia, N., Brandt, L., Ekbom, A., & Sparen, P. (2000). Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophrenia Research, 45, 21-28.
31. Pandina, G., Greenspan, A., Bossie, C., Turkoz, I., Lonchena, C., Morein, J., & Meyer, J. M. (2004, 5 May). The metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Abstract presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York City.
32. Park, Y. W., Zhu, S., Palaniappan, L., Heshka, S., Carnethon, M. R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2003). The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.[see comment]. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 427-436.
33. Rosmond, R. (2002). The glucocorticoid receptor gene and its association to metabolic syndrome. Obesity Research, 10, 1078-1096.
34. Ryan, M. C., Collins, P., & Thakore, J. H. (2003). Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 284-289.
35. Ryan, M. C., Flanagan, S., Kinsella, U., Keeling, F., & Thakore, J. H. (2004). The effects of atypical antipsychotics on visceral fat distribution in first episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Life Sciences, 74, 1999-2008.
36. Sattar, N., Gaw, A., Scherbakova, O., Ford, I., St J O'Reilly, D., Haffner, S. M., et al. (2003). Metabolic syndrome with and without CRP as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation, 108, 414-419.
37. Seckl, J. R., Morton, N. M., Chapman, K. E., & Walker, B. R. (2004). Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue. Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 59, 3593.
38. Straker, D. A., Rubens, E., Koshy, F., Kramer, E., & Manu, P. (2003). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among patients treated with atypical antipsychotic. Abstract presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
39. Thakore, J. H., Mann, J. N., Vlahos, I., Martin, A., & Reznek, R. (2002). Increased visceral fat distribution in drug-naive and drug-free patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 26, 137-141.
40. Wagenknecht, L. E., Langefeld, C. D., Scherzinger, A. L., Norris, J. M., Haffner, S. M., Saad, M. F., et al. (2003). Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and abdominal fat: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study. Diabetes, 52, 2490-2496.
41. Walker, B. R. (2001). Steroid metabolism in metabolic syndrome X. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 15, 111-122.
42. Zhang, Z. J., Yao, Z. J., Liu, W., Fang, Q., & Reynolds, G. P. (2004). Effects of antipsychotics on fat deposition and changes in leptin and insulin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging study of previously untreated people with schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 58-62.