The pathobiology of mucositis

Nature Reviews Cancer

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 277-284

  Sonis, Stephen T ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; AMIFOSTINE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BENZYDAMINE; CISPLATIN; CLOPIDOGREL; CYTARABINE; DESIPRAMINE; ETOPOSIDE; FLUOROURACIL; FUMONISIN; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; MELPHALAN; SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE;

CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CELL INTERACTION; CELL TYPE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; DRUG MECHANISM; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EPITHELIUM; GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HEALING; HEALTH; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MOUTH MUCOSA; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMATITIS; SUBMUCOSA; TISSUE TYPES;

EID: 1942469964     PISSN: 1474175X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrc1318     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Sonis, S. T. & Fey, E. G. Oral complications of cancer therapy. Oncology 16, 680-686 (2002).
2. Filicko, J., Lazarus, H. M. & Flomenberg, N. Mucosal injury in patients undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: new approaches to prophylaxis and treatment. Bone Marrow Transplant. 31, 1-10 (2003).
3. Vissink, A. et al. Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 14, 199-212 (2003).
4. Elting, L. S. et al. The burdens of cancer therapy. Clinical and economic outcomes of chemotherapy-based mucositis. Cancer 98, 531-539 (2003). The clinical and economic impact of mucositis following myeloablative chemotherapy is significant among patients who are treated for common solid tumours.
5. Sonis, S. T. et al. Oral mucositis and the clinical and economic outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J. Clin. Oncol. 19, 2201-2205 (2001).
6. Trotti, A. et al. Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review. Radiother. Oncol. 66, 253-262 (2003).
7. Bloomer, W. D. & Hellman, S. Normal tissue responses to radiation therapy. New Engl. J. Med. 293, 80-83 (1975).
8. Lockhart, P. B. & Sonis, S. T. Relationship of oral complications to peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 48, 21-28 (1971).
9. Sonis, S. T. et al. Prevention of chemotherapy-induced ulcerative mucositis by transforming growth factor β3. Cancer Res. 54, 1135-1138 (1994).
10. Sonis, S. T. Mucositis as a biological process: a new hypothesis for the development of chemotherapy-induced stomatotoxicity. Oral Oncol. 34, 39-43 (1998). The clinical manifestations of mucositis are attributable to a series of interactive biological events that involve all of the cells and tissues of the mucous membrane.
11. Sonis, S. T. et al. Defining mechanisms of action of interleukin-11 on the progression of radiation-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Oral Oncol. 36, 373-381 (2000).
12. Paris, F. et al. Endothelial apoptosis as the primary lesion initiating intestinal radiation damage in mice. Science 293, 293-297 (2001). The endothelium, not the epithelium, is the primary initiator of radiation-induced mucosal injury.
13. Jaenke, R. S. et al. Capillary endothelium. Target site for renal radiation injury. Lab. Invest. 68, 396-405.
14. Watts, M. E. et al. Effects of novel and conventional anticancer agents on human endothelial permeability: influence of tumour secreted factors. Anticancer Res. 17, 71-75 (1997).
15. Kinhult, S. et al. Effects of probucol on endothelial damage by 5-fluorouracil. Acta Oncol. 42, 304-308 (2003).
16. Kuenen, B. C. et al. Potential role of platelets in endothelial damage during treatment with cisplatin, gencitabine, and the angiogenesis inhibitor SU5416. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 2192-2198 (2003).
17. McManus, L. M. et al. Radiation-induced increased platelet-activating factor activity in mixed saliva. Lab. Invest. 68, 118-124 (1993).
18. Wang, J. et al. Short-term inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by clopidogreal ameliorates radiation-induced toxicity in rat small intestine. Thromb. Haemost. 87, 122-128 (2002).
19. Stefanelli, C. et al. Caspase activation in etoposide-treated fibroblasts is correlated to ERK phosphorylation and both events are blocked by polyamine depletion. FEBS Lett. 527, 223-228 (2002).
20. Manakova, S. et al. Ara-C induces apoptosis in monkey fibroblast cells. Toxicol. In Vitro 17, 367-373 (2003).
21. Chrzanowski, K. et al. Cytotoxicity and effect of collagen biosynthesis of proline analogue of melphalan as a prolidase-converting prodrug in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Farmaco 56, 701-706 (2001).
22. Handschel, J. et al. Increase in RM3/1-positive macrophages in radiation-induced oral mucositis. J. Pathol. 193, 242-247 (2001).
23. Hall, P. D. et al. The influence of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations on nonhematologic toxicity and hematologic recovery in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Exp. Hematol. 23, 1256-1260 (1995).
24. Remberger, M., Ringden, O. & Markling, L. TNFα levels are increased during bone marrow transplantation conditioning regimens in patients who develop acute GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant. 15, 99-104 (1995).
25. Chen, Y. et al. Radiation pneumonitis and early conditioning cytokine markers. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 12 (Suppl. 1), 26-33 (2002).
26. Billis, W., Fuks, Z. & Kolesnick, R. Signaling in and regulation of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 53, 85-92 (1998).
27. Sonis, S. T. et al. Inhibition of ceramide synthase, but not sphingomyelinase attenuates radiation-induced mucositis in hamsters. ASCO Proc. 2003, abstract 3005.
28. deSousa, S. et al. Immunolocalization of c-Fos and c-Jun in human oral mucosa and in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 31, 78-81 (2002).
29. Angel, P., Szabowski, A. & Schropp-Kistner, M. Function and regulation of AP-1 subunits in skin physiology and pathology. Oncogene 30, 2413-2423 (2001).
30. Maselli, R. et al. Oxidative stress and lung diseases. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 57, 180-181 (2002).
31. Guha, A. & Mackman, N. LPS induction of gene expression in human monocytes. Cell Signal. 13, 85-94 (2001).
32. Denham, J. W. & Hauer-Jensen, M. The radiotherapeutic injury - a complex wound. Radiother. Oncol. 63, 129-145 (2002). Radiation-induced normal tissue injury consists of some features that are similar to those seen following traumatic wounds and others that are unique and reflect transient and permanent cellular and tissue alterations.
33. Criswell, T. et al. Transcription factors activated in mammalian cells after clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Oncogene 22, 5813-5827 (2003). Radiation injury is the result of damage to both DNA and non-DNA targets. Signalling from non-DNA targets results in activation of transcription factors that varies with radiation dose.
34. Sonis, S. T. The biologic role of nuclear factor-κB in disease and its potential involvement in mucosal injury associated with antineoplastic therapy. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 13, 300-309 (2002).
35. Davis, R. J. Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Cell 103, 239-252 (2000).
36. Braum, S. et al. Nrf2 transcription factor, a novel target of keratinocyte growth factor action which regulates gene expression and inflammation in the healing skin wound. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 5492-5505 (2002).
37. Kitada, S. et al. γ-radiation induces upregulation of Bax protein and apoptosis in radiosensitive cells in vivo. Oncogene 12, 187-192 (1996).
38. Chmura, S. J. et al. Loss of ceramide production confers resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 57, 1270-1275 (1997).
39. Bamba, S. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 secretion from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts: role of interleukin-17. J. Gastroenterol. 38, 548-554 (2003).
40. Sesaki, M. et al. Differential regulation of metalloproteinase production, proliferation and chemotaxis of human lung fibroblasts by PDGF, interleukin-1β and TNF-α. Mediators Inflam. 9, 155-160 (2000).
41. Engels-Deutsch, M. A. et al. Insertinal inactivation of pac and rmKB genes reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 by Streptococcus mutans in monocytic, dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. Infect. Immun. 71, 5169-5177 (2003).
42. Alikhani, M. et al. LPS indirectly stimulates apoptosis and global induction of apoptotic genes in fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52901-52908 (2003).
43. Koukourakis, M. I. Amifostine in clinical oncology: current use and future applications. Anticancer Drugs 13, 181-209 (2002).
44. Mantovani, G. et al. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant mechanisms, and serum cytokine levels in cancer patients: impact of antioxidant treatment. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 6, 570-582 (2002).
45. Blonder, J. et al. Topical bioadhesive antioxidants reduce the severity of experimental radiation induced oral mucositis. ASCO Proc. 2001, abstract 1606.
46. Epstein, J. B. et al. Benzydamine HCl for prophylaxis of radiation-induced oral mucositis: results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cancer 92, 875-885 (2001).
47. Speilberger, R. et al. Use of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) can reduce severe oral mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies using peripheral blood progenitor transplantation after radiation-based conditioning - results of phase 3 trial. ASCO Proc. 2003, Abstract 3642.
48. Farrell, C. L. et al. The effects of keratinocyte growth factor in preclinical models of mucositis. Cell Prolif. 35 (Suppl. 1), 78-85 (2002).
49. Day, R. M. et al. Bleomycin upregulates expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthase in pulmonary endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 282, L1349-L1357 (2002).
50. Hayashi, A. et al. Transcription factor Nrf2 is required for constitutive and inducible expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310, 824-329 (2003).
51. Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A. et al. Keratinocyte growth factor facilitates alloengraftment and ameliorates graft-versus-host disease in mice by a mechanism independent of conditioning-induced tissue injury. Blood 96, 4350-4356 (2000).
52. Nemzek, J. A. et al. Keratinocyte growth factor pretreatment is associated with decreased macrophage inflammatory protein-2α concentrations and reduced neutrophil recruitment in acid aspiration lung injury. Shock 18, 501-506 (2002).
53. Lappas, M., Permezel, M. & Rice, G. E. N-acetyl-cysteine inhibits phospholipid metabolism, proinflammatory cytokine release, protease activity, and nuclear factor-κB deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity in human fetal membranes in vitro. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 1723-1729 (2003).
54. Sironi, M. et al. Benzydamine inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 by Candida albicans-stimulated human peripheral blood cells. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 27, 118-122 (1997).
55. Ziegler, T. R. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J. Nutr. 131 (Suppl.), 2578S-2584S (2001).
56. Donnelly, J. P. et al. Antimicrobial therapy to prevent or treat oral mucositis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 3, 405-412 (2003).
57. Wardley, A. M. et al. A quantitative histometric murine in vivo model of radiation-induced oral mucositis. Arch. Oral Biol. 43, 567-577 (1998).
58. Dorr, W. & Kummermehr, J. Accelerated repopulation of mouse tongue epithelium during fractionated radiation or following single doses. Radiother. Oncol. 17, 249-259 (1990).
59. Sonis, S. T. et al. An animal model for mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 69, 437-443 (1990).
60. Sonis, S. T. et al. The gene expression sequence of radiated mucosa in an animal mucositis model. Cell Prolif. 35 (Suppl. 1), 93-101 (2002).
61. Guo, H. et al. Prevention of radiation-induced oral cavity mucoitis by plasmid/liposome delivery of human manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) transgene. Radiat. Res. 159, 361-370 (2003).
62. Ulrich, C. M. et al. Pharmacogenetics of methotrexate: toxicity among marrow transplantation patients varies with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism. Blood 98, 231-234 (2001).
63. van Kuilenburg, A. B. et al. Clinical implications of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency in patients with severe 5-fluorouracil-associated toxicity: identification of new mutations in the DPD gene. Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 4705-4712 (2000).
64. Chen, E. Impact of Addison's Disease and Psoriasis on the Frequency of Oral Mucositis. Thesis. Harvard School of Dental Medicine (2003).