메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2 II, 2002, Pages

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology

(24)  Butchko, Harriett H a   Stargel, W Wayne a   Comer, C Phil b   Mayhew, Dale A a   Benninger, Christian c   Blackburn, George L d   De Sonneville, Leo M J e   Geha, Raif S d   Hertelendy, Zsolt f   Koestner, Adalbert g   Leon, Arthur S h,i   Liepa, George U j   McMartin, Kenneth E k   Mendenhall, Charles L l   Munro, Ian C m   Novotny, Edward J n   Renwick, Andrew G o   Schiffman, Susan S p   Schomer, Donald L d   Shaywitz, Bennett A n   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; ASPARTAME; ASPARTIC ACID; METHANOL; PHENYLALANINE; SWEETENING AGENT;

EID: 18744379772     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/rtph.2002.1542     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (166)

References (560)
  • 1
    • 0025646597 scopus 로고
    • Further validation of FETAX: Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of five known mammalian teratogens and non-teratogens
    • J.A. Bantle D.J. Fort J.R. Rayburn D.J. DeYoung S.J. Bush Further validation of FETAX: Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of five known mammalian teratogens and non-teratogens Drug Chem. Toxicol. 13 1990 267 282
    • (1990) Drug Chem. Toxicol. , vol.13 , pp. 267-282
    • Bantle, J.A.1    Fort, D.J.2    Rayburn, J.R.3    DeYoung, D.J.4    Bush, S.J.5
  • 2
    • 0018663154 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: assessment of development psychotoxicity in a new artificial sweetener
    • R.L. Brunner C.V. Vorhees L. Kinney R.E. Butcher Aspartame: assessment of development psychotoxicity in a new artificial sweetener Neurobehav. Toxicol. 1 1979 79 86
    • (1979) Neurobehav. Toxicol. , vol.1 , pp. 79-86
    • Brunner, R.L.1    Vorhees, C.V.2    Kinney, L.3    Butcher, R.E.4
  • 3
    • 0025890083 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of aspartame and its L-phenylalanine methyl ester decomposition product by the porcine gut
    • S.L. Burgert D.W. Andersen L.D. Stegink H. Takeuchi H.P. Schedl Metabolism of aspartame and its L -phenylalanine methyl ester decomposition product by the porcine gut Metabolism 40 1991 612 618
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 612-618
    • Burgert, S.L.1    Andersen, D.W.2    Stegink, L.D.3    Takeuchi, H.4    Schedl, H.P.5
  • 4
    • 0024454434 scopus 로고
    • Impaired performance on odor-aversion testing following prenatal aspartame exposure in the guinea pig
    • D.L. Dow-Edwards L.A. Scribani E.P. Riley Impaired performance on odor-aversion testing following prenatal aspartame exposure in the guinea pig Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11 1989 413 416
    • (1989) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.11 , pp. 413-416
    • Dow-Edwards, D.L.1    Scribani, L.A.2    Riley, E.P.3
  • 6
    • 2042472746 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 39 1974 27317 27320
    • (1974) Fed. Regist. , vol.39 , pp. 27317-27320
  • 7
    • 85120137218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA)1981. Aspartame: Commissioner's final decision. Fed. Regist.46, 38285–38308. July 24, 1981.
  • 8
    • 0842263443 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 48 1983 31376 31382
    • (1983) Fed. Regist. , vol.48 , pp. 31376-31382
  • 9
    • 0008058142 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 49 1984 6672 6677
    • (1984) Fed. Regist. , vol.49 , pp. 6672-6677
  • 10
    • 0013209818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 63 1998 16417 16433
    • (1998) Fed. Regist. , vol.63 , pp. 16417-16433
  • 11
    • 85120130060 scopus 로고
    • Proposal on Aspartame 1979 Health Protection Branch Ottawa
    • (1979)
  • 12
    • 85120119771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Welfare Canada, 1981, Aspartame, Information Letter No. 602. Health Protection Branch, Ottawa, July 31, 1981.
  • 13
    • 0024505966 scopus 로고
    • Effects of perinatal exposure to aspartame on rat pups
    • M.D. Holder Effects of perinatal exposure to aspartame on rat pups Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11 1989 1 6
    • (1989) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.11 , pp. 1-6
    • Holder, M.D.1
  • 14
    • 85120100747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ishii, H.1984. Chronic feeding studies with aspartame and its diketopiperazine. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 307–319. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 15
    • 85120108518 scopus 로고
    • WHO Food Additive Series No. 15 1980 JECFA Geneva p. 18–86
    • (1980)
  • 16
    • 85120132688 scopus 로고
    • WHO Food Additive Series No. 28 1991 JECFA Geneva p. 219–228
    • (1991)
  • 17
    • 0034112873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of DNA-damaging activity of five non-nutritive sweeteners in the rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay
    • A.M. Jeffrey G.M. Williams Lack of DNA-damaging activity of five non-nutritive sweeteners in the rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay Food Chem. Toxicol. 38 2000 335 338
    • (2000) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 335-338
    • Jeffrey, A.M.1    Williams, G.M.2
  • 18
    • 0032128224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of molecular interaction of aspartame and its metabolites with DNA
    • G.A. Karikas K.H. Schulpis G. Reclos G. Kokotos Measurement of molecular interaction of aspartame and its metabolites with DNA Clin. Biochem. 31 1998 405 407
    • (1998) Clin. Biochem. , vol.31 , pp. 405-407
    • Karikas, G.A.1    Schulpis, K.H.2    Reclos, G.3    Kokotos, G.4
  • 19
    • 0027428957 scopus 로고
    • The effect of food chemicals on cell aging of human diploid cells in in vitro culture
    • A. Kasamaki S. Urasawa The effect of food chemicals on cell aging of human diploid cells in in vitro culture J. Toxicol. Sci. 18 1993 143 153
    • (1993) J. Toxicol. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 143-153
    • Kasamaki, A.1    Urasawa, S.2
  • 20
    • 85120126523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kotsonis, F. N., and Hjelle, J. J.1996. The safety assessment of aspartame: Scientific and regulatory considerations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 23–41. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 22
    • 0021602834 scopus 로고
    • Reflex responsiveness of CF-1 mouse neonates following maternal aspartame exposure
    • M.P. Mahalik R.F. Gautieri Reflex responsiveness of CF-1 mouse neonates following maternal aspartame exposure Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. 9 1984 385 403
    • (1984) Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. , vol.9 , pp. 385-403
    • Mahalik, M.P.1    Gautieri, R.F.2
  • 23
    • 85120137850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McAnulty, P. A, Collier, M. J, Comer, C. P, and, Allen, J. L. 1992, The Odour Aversion Technique Claimed to Demonstrate Effects of Aspartame in Guinea Pigs is Non-reproducible, Presented at the 32nd annual meeting of the, Teratology Society, Boca Raton, FL, June 1992.
  • 25
    • 85120141180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries, and Food (MAFF), 1982, Food Additives and Contaminants Committee Report on the Review of Sweeteners in Food. Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. FAC/REP/34:HMSO, 1982, United Kingdom.
  • 26
    • 85120145254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molinary, S. V.1984. Preclinical studies of aspartame in nonprimate animals. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 289–306. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 27
    • 0033953139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo cytogenetic studies on blends of aspartame and acesulfame-K
    • M. Mukhopadhyay A. Mukherjee J. Chakrabarti In vivo cytogenetic studies on blends of aspartame and acesulfame-K Food Chem. Toxicol. 38 2000 75 77
    • (2000) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 75-77
    • Mukhopadhyay, M.1    Mukherjee, A.2    Chakrabarti, J.3
  • 28
    • 0018647092 scopus 로고
    • A review of metabolism of the aspartyl moiety of aspartame in experimental animals and man
    • R.E. Ranney J.A. Oppermann A review of metabolism of the aspartyl moiety of aspartame in experimental animals and man J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2 1979 979 985
    • (1979) J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , vol.2 , pp. 979-985
    • Ranney, R.E.1    Oppermann, J.A.2
  • 29
    • 0031972849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct molecular interaction of phenylalanine with DNA measured by reversed-phase HPLC
    • K.H. Schulpis G.A. Karikas G. Kokotos Direct molecular interaction of phenylalanine with DNA measured by reversed-phase HPLC Clin. Chem. 44 1998 178 179
    • (1998) Clin. Chem. , vol.44 , pp. 178-179
    • Schulpis, K.H.1    Karikas, G.A.2    Kokotos, G.3
  • 30
    • 85120107359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee for Food (SCF), 1985, Food-Science and Techniques , Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, sixteenth series, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
  • 31
    • 84951660880 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to aspartame (Nutrasweet) on rat pups
    • R. Yirmiya E.D. Levin C.D. Chapman J. Garcia Morphological and behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to aspartame (Nutrasweet) on rat pups Bull. Psychon. Soc. 27 1989 153 156
    • (1989) Bull. Psychon. Soc. , vol.27 , pp. 153-156
    • Yirmiya, R.1    Levin, E.D.2    Chapman, C.D.3    Garcia, J.4
  • 32
    • 85120144596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrams, I. J. 1986, Using the menu census survey to estimate dietary intake: Postmarket surveillance of aspartame. In, International Aspartame Workshop Proceedings, November 17–21, 1986, Marbella, Spain, International Life Sciences Institute–Nutrition Foundation, Washington, DC.
  • 33
    • 85120096361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrams, I. J.1992. Using the menu census survey to estimate dietary intake: Postmarket surveillance of aspartame. In Food Safety AssessmentJ. W. Finley, S. F. Robinson, and D. J. Armstrong, Eds., pp. 201–213. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.
  • 34
    • 0026824284 scopus 로고
    • Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany
    • A. Bar C. Biermann Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany Z. Ernahrungswiss. 31 1992 25 39
    • (1992) Z. Ernahrungswiss. , vol.31 , pp. 25-39
    • Bar, A.1    Biermann, C.2
  • 35
    • 85120104163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bergsten, C. 1993, Intake of Acesulfame-k, Aspartame, Cyclamate, and Saccharin in Norway , SNT Report 3, Norwegian Food Control Authority, Oslo, Norway.
  • 36
    • 0025396184 scopus 로고
    • Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter)
    • H. Butchko Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 90 1990 360 361
    • (1990) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 360-361
    • Butchko, H.1
  • 38
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 39
    • 85120130419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1994. Postmarketing surveillance in the food industry: the aspartame case study. In Nutritional ToxicologyF. N. Kotsonis, M. Mackey, and J. Hjelle, Eds., pp. 235–250. Raven Press, New York.
  • 40
    • 85120145989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1996. Acceptable daily intake and estimation of consumption. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 43–53. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 42
    • 85120142777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., Stargel, W. W., Comer, C. P., Mayhew, D. A., and Andress, S.2001. Aspartame. In Alternative SweetenersL. Nabors, Ed., 3rd ed., pp. 41–61. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 43
    • 0035701818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period
    • H.H. Butchko W.W. Stargel Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 34 2001 221 233
    • (2001) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , pp. 221-233
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Stargel, W.W.2
  • 44
    • 85120101895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Stargel, W. W.2002. Postmarketing surveillance in the food industry: The aspartame case study. In Nutritional ToxicologyF. N. Kotsonis and M. Mackey, Eds., second ed., pp. 287–315. Taylor & Francis, London/New York.
  • 46
    • 0025259859 scopus 로고
    • Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter)
    • J. Endres Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 90 1990 360
    • (1990) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 360
    • Endres, J.1
  • 47
    • 2042472746 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 39 1974 27317 27320
    • (1974) Fed. Regist. , vol.39 , pp. 27317-27320
  • 48
    • 0344988510 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 46 1981 38285 38308
    • (1981) Fed. Regist. , vol.46 , pp. 38285-38308
  • 49
    • 0842263443 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 48 1983 31376 31382
    • (1983) Fed. Regist. , vol.48 , pp. 31376-31382
  • 50
    • 0008058142 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 49 1984 6672 6682
    • (1984) Fed. Regist. , vol.49 , pp. 6672-6682
  • 51
    • 2042476630 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 51 1986 42999 43000
    • (1986) Fed. Regist. , vol.51 , pp. 42999-43000
  • 52
    • 0034990831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics
    • I. Garnier-Sagne J.C. Leblanc P. Verger Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics Food Chem. Toxicol. 39 2001 745 749
    • (2001) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.39 , pp. 745-749
    • Garnier-Sagne, I.1    Leblanc, J.C.2    Verger, P.3
  • 53
    • 85120139478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Welfare Canada, 1979, Proposal on Aspartame , Information Letter No. 564, Health Protection Branch, Ottawa.
  • 54
    • 85120095412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heybach, J. P., and Allen, S. S.1988. Resources for inferential estimates of aspartame intake in the United States. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 365–372. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 55
    • 25544443476 scopus 로고
    • Intake of aspartame in 19–50 year old women from the USDA continuing survey of food intakes by individuals (CSFII 85)
    • J.P. Heybach J.L. Smith Intake of aspartame in 19–50 year old women from the USDA continuing survey of food intakes by individuals (CSFII 85) FASEB J. 2 1988 A1615
    • (1988) FASEB J. , vol.2 , pp. A1615
    • Heybach, J.P.1    Smith, J.L.2
  • 56
    • 2042443015 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame consumption in a representative sample of Canadians
    • J. Heybach C. Ross Aspartame consumption in a representative sample of Canadians J. Can. Diet. Assoc. 50 1989 166 170
    • (1989) J. Can. Diet. Assoc. , vol.50 , pp. 166-170
    • Heybach, J.1    Ross, C.2
  • 57
    • 0027006537 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring sweetener consumption in Great Britain
    • A.L. Hinson W.M. Nicol Monitoring sweetener consumption in Great Britain Food Addit. Contam. 9 1992 669 680
    • (1992) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.9 , pp. 669-680
    • Hinson, A.L.1    Nicol, W.M.2
  • 58
    • 85120135568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hulshof, K. F. A. M, and, Bouman, M. 1995, Use of Various Types of Sweeteners in Different Population Groups: 1992 Dutch National Food Consumption Survey , TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Netherlands.
  • 60
    • 0033030989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: Present levels and projections
    • C. Leclercq D. Berardi M.R. Sorbillo J. Lambe Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: Present levels and projections Food Addit. Contam. 16 1999 99 109
    • (1999) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.16 , pp. 99-109
    • Leclercq, C.1    Berardi, D.2    Sorbillo, M.R.3    Lambe, J.4
  • 61
    • 85120104424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries, and Food (MAFF), 1990, Intakes of intense and bulk sweeteners in the UK 1987–1988 , Food Surveillance Paper No. 29, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, UK.
  • 62
    • 85120092493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries, and Food (MAFF), 1995, Survey of the Intake of Sweeteners by Diabetics , Food Surveillance Info. Sheet. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Food Safety Directorate, London, UK.
  • 63
    • 85120102047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Food Authority Australia, 1995, Survey of Intense Sweetener Consumption in Australia: Final Report , Canberra, Australia.
  • 65
    • 85120097267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D.1984. Aspartame metabolism in humans: Acute dosing studies. In Aspartame: Physiology and Biochemistry.L. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 509–553. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 66
    • 0025213572 scopus 로고
    • Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter)
    • T.E. Stenzel Response to “Calculation of aspartame intake in children by Thomas-Doberson” (letter) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 90 1990 360
    • (1990) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 360
    • Stenzel, T.E.1
  • 67
    • 0024316521 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of aspartame intake in children
    • D. Thomas-Doberson Calculation of aspartame intake in children J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 89 1989 831 833
    • (1989) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.89 , pp. 831-833
    • Thomas-Doberson, D.1
  • 68
    • 85120118801 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of aspartame intake in children (letter)
    • D. Thomas-Doberson Calculation of aspartame intake in children (letter) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 90 1990 362, 364
    • (1990) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.90
    • Thomas-Doberson, D.1
  • 69
    • 0029564266 scopus 로고
    • Potential intake of intense sweeteners in Brazil
    • M.C.F. Toledo S.H. Ioshi Potential intake of intense sweeteners in Brazil Food Addit. Contam. 12 1995 799 808
    • (1995) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.12 , pp. 799-808
    • Toledo, M.C.F.1    Ioshi, S.H.2
  • 71
    • 0025890083 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of aspartame and its L-phenylalanine methyl ester decomposition product by the porcine gut
    • S.L. Burgert D.W. Andersen L.D. Stegink H. Takeuchi H.P. Schedl Metabolism of aspartame and its L -phenylalanine methyl ester decomposition product by the porcine gut Metabolism 40 1991 612 618
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 612-618
    • Burgert, S.L.1    Andersen, D.W.2    Stegink, L.D.3    Takeuchi, H.4    Schedl, H.P.5
  • 72
    • 0025038584 scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of phenylalanine and aspartate from aspartame (20 mg/kg) in capsules and solution
    • T.S. Burns W.W. Stargel A. Hurwitz Bioavailability of phenylalanine and aspartate from aspartame (20 mg/kg) in capsules and solution Metabolism 39 1990 1200 1203
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 1200-1203
    • Burns, T.S.1    Stargel, W.W.2    Hurwitz, A.3
  • 73
    • 0026042524 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and sucrose produce a similar increase in the plasma phenylalanine to large neutral amino-acid ratio in healthy-subjects
    • T.S. Burns W.W. Stargel C. Tschanz F.N. Kotsonis A. Hurwitz Aspartame and sucrose produce a similar increase in the plasma phenylalanine to large neutral amino-acid ratio in healthy-subjects Pharmacology 43 1991 210 219
    • (1991) Pharmacology , vol.43 , pp. 210-219
    • Burns, T.S.1    Stargel, W.W.2    Tschanz, C.3    Kotsonis, F.N.4    Hurwitz, A.5
  • 74
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 75
    • 85120114913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1996. Acceptable daily intake and estimation of consumption. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 43–53. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 76
    • 0022889245 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid levels after single-dose aspartame consumption in phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and heterozygous state for phenylketonuria
    • B. Caballero B.E. Mahon F.J. Rohr H.L. Levy R.J. Wurtman Plasma amino acid levels after single-dose aspartame consumption in phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and heterozygous state for phenylketonuria J. Pediatr. 109 1986 668 671
    • (1986) J. Pediatr. , vol.109 , pp. 668-671
    • Caballero, B.1    Mahon, B.E.2    Rohr, F.J.3    Levy, H.L.4    Wurtman, R.J.5
  • 77
    • 0028314617 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-protein meal plus aspartame ingestion on plasma phenylalanine concentrations in obligate heterozygotes for phenylketonuria
    • H. Curtius W. Endres N. Blau Effect of high-protein meal plus aspartame ingestion on plasma phenylalanine concentrations in obligate heterozygotes for phenylketonuria Metabolism 43 1994 413 416
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 413-416
    • Curtius, H.1    Endres, W.2    Blau, N.3
  • 78
    • 0018687475 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine and other neutral amino acids: Effect of dietary protein intake
    • J.D. Fernstrom R.J. Wurtman B. Hammarstrom-Wiklund W.M. Rand H.N. Munro C.S. Davidson Diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine and other neutral amino acids: Effect of dietary protein intake Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32 1979 1912 1922
    • (1979) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.32 , pp. 1912-1922
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1    Wurtman, R.J.2    Hammarstrom-Wiklund, B.3    Rand, W.M.4    Munro, H.N.5    Davidson, C.S.6
  • 79
    • 0020510847 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame loading on plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentrations in one-year-old infants
    • L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker L.D. Stegink Effect of aspartame loading on plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentrations in one-year-old infants J. Nutr. 113 1983 1591 1599
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1591-1599
    • Filer, L.J.1    Baker, G.L.2    Stegink, L.D.3
  • 80
    • 85120137333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filer, L. J. Jr., Baker, G. L., and Stegink, L. D.1984. Aspartame ingestion by human infants. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 579–591. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 81
    • 85120117901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filer, L. J. Jr., and Stegink, L. D.1988. Effect of aspartame on plasma phenylalanine concentration in humans. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 18–40. Birkhauser, Boston, MA.
  • 82
    • 0024494383 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame metabolism in normal adults, phenylketonuric heterozygotes, and diabetic subjects
    • L.J. Filer Jr. L.D. Stegink Aspartame metabolism in normal adults, phenylketonuric heterozygotes, and diabetic subjects Diabetes Care 12 1989 67 74
    • (1989) Diabetes Care , vol.12 , pp. 67-74
    • Filer, L.J.1    Stegink, L.D.2
  • 83
    • 0017055660 scopus 로고
    • Use of aspartame by apparently healthy children and adolescents
    • G.H. Frey Use of aspartame by apparently healthy children and adolescents J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2 1976 401 415
    • (1976) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.2 , pp. 401-415
    • Frey, G.H.1
  • 84
    • 0028326915 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of aspartame by human and pig intestinal microvillar peptidases
    • N.M. Hooper R.J. Hesp S. Tieku Metabolism of aspartame by human and pig intestinal microvillar peptidases Biochem. J. 298 1994 635 639
    • (1994) Biochem. J. , vol.298 , pp. 635-639
    • Hooper, N.M.1    Hesp, R.J.2    Tieku, S.3
  • 85
    • 85120124634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karim, A., and Burns, T.1996. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled aspartame in normal subjects. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 57–66. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 86
    • 0017058897 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame in young persons during weight reduction
    • R.H. Knopp K. Brandt R.A. Arky Effects of aspartame in young persons during weight reduction J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2 1976 417 428
    • (1976) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.2 , pp. 417-428
    • Knopp, R.H.1    Brandt, K.2    Arky, R.A.3
  • 88
    • 85120104337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kotsonis, F. N., and Hjelle, J. J.1996. The safety assessment of aspartame: Scientific and regulatory considerations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 23–41. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 90
    • 0026352809 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal absorption of aspartame decomposition products in adult rats
    • W.E. Lipton Y.-N. Li M.K. Younoszai L.D. Stegink Intestinal absorption of aspartame decomposition products in adult rats Metabolism 40 1991 1337 1345
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 1337-1345
    • Lipton, W.E.1    Li, Y.-N.2    Younoszai, M.K.3    Stegink, L.D.4
  • 91
    • 0026705246 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary aspartame on plasma concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in normal and homozygous phenylketonuric patients
    • S.A. Mackey C.M. Berlin Jr. Effect of dietary aspartame on plasma concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in normal and homozygous phenylketonuric patients Clin. Pediatr. 31 1992 394 399
    • (1992) Clin. Pediatr. , vol.31 , pp. 394-399
    • Mackey, S.A.1    Berlin, C.M.2
  • 92
    • 0019946198 scopus 로고
    • Effect of various oral glucose doses on plasma neutral amino acid levels
    • Pan R. Martin-Du C. Mauron B. Glaeser R.J. Wurtman Effect of various oral glucose doses on plasma neutral amino acid levels Metabolism 31 1982 937 943
    • (1982) Metabolism , vol.31 , pp. 937-943
    • Martin-Du, Pan R.1    Mauron, C.2    Glaeser, B.3    Wurtman, R.J.4
  • 95
    • 0018647092 scopus 로고
    • A review of metabolism of the aspartyl moiety of aspartame in experimental animals and man
    • R.E. Ranney J.A. Oppermann A review of metabolism of the aspartyl moiety of aspartame in experimental animals and man J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2 1979 979 985
    • (1979) J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , vol.2 , pp. 979-985
    • Ranney, R.E.1    Oppermann, J.A.2
  • 97
    • 85120094609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D.1984. Aspartame metabolism in humans: Acute dosing studies. In Aspartame: Physiology and Biochemistry.L. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 509–553. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 98
    • 0023375561 scopus 로고
    • The aspartame story: A model for the clinical testing of a food additive
    • L.D. Stegink The aspartame story: A model for the clinical testing of a food additive Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46 1987 204 215
    • (1987) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.46 , pp. 204-215
    • Stegink, L.D.1
  • 99
    • 85120117509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D., and Filer, L. J. Jr.1996a. Effects of aspartame ingestion on plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, and methanol concentrations in normal adults. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 67–86. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 100
    • 85120136563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D., and Filer, L. J. Jr.1996b. Effects of aspartame ingestion on plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, and methanol concentrations in potentially sensitive populations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 87–113. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 101
    • 0017667244 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and aspartate loading upon plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid levels in normal adult volunteers
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame and aspartate loading upon plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid levels in normal adult volunteers J. Nutr. 107 1977 1837 1845
    • (1977) J. Nutr. , vol.107 , pp. 1837-1845
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 102
    • 0018570992 scopus 로고
    • Plasma, erythrocyte and human milk levels of free amino acids in lactating women administered aspartame or lactose
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma, erythrocyte and human milk levels of free amino acids in lactating women administered aspartame or lactose J. Nutr. 109 1979 2173 2181
    • (1979) J. Nutr. , vol.109 , pp. 2173-2181
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 103
    • 0018347209 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame loading upon plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in phenylketonuric heterozygotes and normal adult subjects
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker J.E. McDonnell Effect of aspartame loading upon plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in phenylketonuric heterozygotes and normal adult subjects J. Nutr. 109 1979 708 717
    • (1979) J. Nutr. , vol.109 , pp. 708-717
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    McDonnell, J.E.4
  • 104
    • 0019217035 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an abuse dose of aspartame upon plasma and erythrocyte levels of amino acids in phenylketonuric heterozygous and normal adults
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker J.E. McDonnell Effect of an abuse dose of aspartame upon plasma and erythrocyte levels of amino acids in phenylketonuric heterozygous and normal adults J. Nutr. 110 1980 2216 2224
    • (1980) J. Nutr. , vol.110 , pp. 2216-2224
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    McDonnell, J.E.4
  • 105
    • 0019405397 scopus 로고
    • Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free amino acids in adult humans administered abuse doses of aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free amino acids in adult humans administered abuse doses of aspartame J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7 1981 291 305
    • (1981) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.7 , pp. 291-305
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 106
    • 0019817828 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and sucrose loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame and sucrose loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34 1981 1899 1905
    • (1981) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.34 , pp. 1899-1905
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 108
    • 0020365641 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame plus monosodium L-glutamate ingestion on plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in normal adult subjects fed a high protein meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame plus monosodium L -glutamate ingestion on plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in normal adult subjects fed a high protein meal Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36 1982 1145 1152
    • (1982) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.36 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 109
    • 0020562747 scopus 로고
    • Blood methanol concentrations in one-year-old infants administered graded doses of aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink M.C. Brummel L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Blood methanol concentrations in one-year-old infants administered graded doses of aspartame J. Nutr. 113 1983 1600 1606
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Brummel, M.C.2    Filer, L.J.3    Baker, G.L.4
  • 110
    • 0020960801 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults fed meals with added monosodium L-glutamate and aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults fed meals with added monosodium L -glutamate and aspartame J. Nutr. 113 1983 1851 1860
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1851-1860
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 111
    • 0023583117 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults ingesting aspartame and monosodium L-glutamate as part of a soup/beverage meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults ingesting aspartame and monosodium L -glutamate as part of a soup/beverage meal Metabolism 36 1987 1073 1079
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 112
    • 0023212621 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults administered aspartame in capsules or solution: Lack of bioequivalence
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults administered aspartame in capsules or solution: Lack of bioequivalence Metabolism 36 1987 507 512
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 507-512
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Ziegler, E.E.4
  • 113
    • 0023607870 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.C. Wolf-Novak L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler W.L. Krause M.C. Brummel Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria J. Nutr. 117 1987 1989 1995
    • (1987) J. Nutr. , vol.117 , pp. 1989-1995
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Wolf-Novak, L.C.2    Filer, L.J.3    Bell, E.F.4    Ziegler, E.E.5    Krause, W.L.6    Brummel, M.C.7
  • 114
    • 0023880261 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults Metabolism. 37 1988 246 251
    • (1988) Metabolism. , vol.37 , pp. 246-251
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 115
    • 0024556401 scopus 로고
    • Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations in normal adults
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler T.R. Tephly Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations in normal adults Metabolism 38 1989 357 363
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 357-363
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Ziegler, E.E.4    Tephly, T.R.5
  • 116
    • 0024597185 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler M.C. Brummel W.L. Krause Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria Metabolism 38 1989 78 84
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 78-84
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    Bell, E.F.4    Ziegler, E.E.5    Brummel, M.C.6    Krause, W.L.7
  • 117
    • 0025133228 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler T.R. Tephly W.L. Krause Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria Metabolism 39 1990 1076 1081
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 1076-1081
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Ziegler, E.E.4    Tephly, T.R.5    Krause, W.L.6
  • 118
    • 0025831612 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid ratios in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria ingesting a hamburger and milk shake meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. M.C. Brummel G.L. Baker W.L. Krause E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler Plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid ratios in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria ingesting a hamburger and milk shake meal Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53 1991 670 675
    • (1991) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 670-675
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Baker, G.L.4    Krause, W.L.5    Bell, E.F.6    Ziegler, E.E.7
  • 119
    • 0028892548 scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine hydroxylase activity and plasma phenylalanine and aspartate concentrations in children consuming diets high in aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink S.D. Lindgren M.C. Brummel P.J. Stumbo M.L. Wolraich Erythrocyte L -aspartyl- L -phenylalanine hydroxylase activity and plasma phenylalanine and aspartate concentrations in children consuming diets high in aspartame Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62 1995 1206 1211
    • (1995) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.62 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Lindgren, S.D.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Stumbo, P.J.4    Wolraich, M.L.5
  • 121
    • 0025927934 scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of methanol
    • T.R. Tephly The toxicity of methanol Life Sci. 48 1991 1031 1041
    • (1991) Life Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1031-1041
    • Tephly, T.R.1
  • 122
    • 85120128005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tephly, T. R., and McMartin, K. E.1984. Methanol metabolism and toxicity. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 111–140. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 124
    • 0025240038 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspartame on the activity of rat liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes
    • V.A. Tutelyan L.V. Kravchenko E.E. Kuzmina The effect of aspartame on the activity of rat liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes Drug Metab. Dispos. 18 1990 223 225
    • (1990) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.18 , pp. 223-225
    • Tutelyan, V.A.1    Kravchenko, L.V.2    Kuzmina, E.E.3
  • 125
    • 0025215805 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: Effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose and insulin
    • L.C. Wolf-Novak L.D. Stegink M.C. Brummel T.J. Persoon L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler W.L. Krause Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: Effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose and insulin Metabolism 39 1990 391 396
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 391-396
    • Wolf-Novak, L.C.1    Stegink, L.D.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Persoon, T.J.4    Filer, L.J.5    Bell, E.F.6    Ziegler, E.E.7    Krause, W.L.8
  • 127
    • 0016723363 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic observations of hypothalami in neonatal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after administration of monosodium-L-glutamate
    • R. Abraham J. Swart L. Golberg F. Coulston Electron microscopic observations of hypothalami in neonatal rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) after administration of monosodium- L -glutamate Exp. Mol. Pathol. 23 1975 203 213
    • (1975) Exp. Mol. Pathol. , vol.23 , pp. 203-213
    • Abraham, R.1    Swart, J.2    Golberg, L.3    Coulston, F.4
  • 128
    • 85120144333 scopus 로고
    • R.L. Blaylock Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills 1993 Health Press Santa Fe
    • (1993)
    • Blaylock, R.L.1
  • 129
    • 0022345227 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of glutamate plus aspartate dose, plasma amino acid concentration and neuronal necrosis in infant mice
    • T.T. Daabees M.W. Finkelstein L.D. Stegink A.E. Applebaum Correlation of glutamate plus aspartate dose, plasma amino acid concentration and neuronal necrosis in infant mice Food Chem. Toxicol. 23 1985 887 893
    • (1985) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 887-893
    • Daabees, T.T.1    Finkelstein, M.W.2    Stegink, L.D.3    Applebaum, A.E.4
  • 130
    • 0020510847 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame loading on plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentrations in one-year-old infants
    • L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker L.D. Stegink Effect of aspartame loading on plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid concentrations in one-year-old infants J. Nutr. 113 1983 1591 1599
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1591-1599
    • Filer, L.J.1    Baker, G.L.2    Stegink, L.D.3
  • 131
    • 0021077137 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of aspartate dose, plasma dicarboxylic amino acid concentration and neuronal necrosis in infant mice
    • M.W. Finkelstein T.T. Daabees L.D. Stegink A.E. Applebaum Correlation of aspartate dose, plasma dicarboxylic amino acid concentration and neuronal necrosis in infant mice Toxicology 29 1983 109 119
    • (1983) Toxicology , vol.29 , pp. 109-119
    • Finkelstein, M.W.1    Daabees, T.T.2    Stegink, L.D.3    Applebaum, A.E.4
  • 132
    • 0015988256 scopus 로고
    • Nature and extent of brain lesions in mice related to ingestion of monosodium glutamate
    • N. Lemkey-Johnston W.A. Reynolds Nature and extent of brain lesions in mice related to ingestion of monosodium glutamate J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 33 1974 74 97
    • (1974) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.33 , pp. 74-97
    • Lemkey-Johnston, N.1    Reynolds, W.A.2
  • 134
    • 0027165858 scopus 로고
    • Amino acids as dietary excitotoxins: A contribution to understanding neurodegenerative disorders
    • B. Meldrum Amino acids as dietary excitotoxins: A contribution to understanding neurodegenerative disorders Brain Res. Rev. 18 1993 293 314
    • (1993) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 293-314
    • Meldrum, B.1
  • 136
  • 137
    • 0014668762 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate
    • J.W. Olney Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate Science 164 1969 719 721
    • (1969) Science , vol.164 , pp. 719-721
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 138
    • 0016910046 scopus 로고
    • Brain damage and oral intake of certain amino acids
    • J.W. Olney Brain damage and oral intake of certain amino acids Adv. Exp. Biol. Med. 69 1976 497 506
    • (1976) Adv. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.69 , pp. 497-506
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 139
    • 0020263571 scopus 로고
    • The toxic effects of glutamate and related compounds in the retina and the brain
    • J.W. Olney The toxic effects of glutamate and related compounds in the retina and the brain Retina 2 1982 341 359
    • (1982) Retina , vol.2 , pp. 341-359
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 140
    • 0014682523 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions in an infant rhesus monkey treated with monosodium glutamate
    • J.W. Olney L.G. Sharpe Brain lesions in an infant rhesus monkey treated with monosodium glutamate Science 166 1969 386 388
    • (1969) Science , vol.166 , pp. 386-388
    • Olney, J.W.1    Sharpe, L.G.2
  • 142
    • 0017105637 scopus 로고
    • Possible significance of adverse reactions to glutamate in humans
    • L. Reif-Lehrer Possible significance of adverse reactions to glutamate in humans Fed. Proc. 35 1976 2205 2212
    • (1976) Fed. Proc. , vol.35 , pp. 2205-2212
    • Reif-Lehrer, L.1
  • 143
    • 0017055661 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic morphology following ingestion of aspartame or MSG in the neonatal rodent and primate: A preliminary report
    • W.A. Reynolds V. Bulter N. Lemkey-Johnston Hypothalamic morphology following ingestion of aspartame or MSG in the neonatal rodent and primate: A preliminary report J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2 1976 471 480
    • (1976) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.2 , pp. 471-480
    • Reynolds, W.A.1    Bulter, V.2    Lemkey-Johnston, N.3
  • 144
    • 85120143770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reynolds, W. A., Lemkey-Johnston, N., and Stegink, L. D.1979. Morphology of the fetal monkey hypothalamus after in utero exposure to monosodium glutamate. In Glutamic Acid: Advances in Biochemistry and PhysiologyL. J. Filer, Jr., S. Garattini, M. R. Kare, W. A. Reynolds, and R. J. Wurtman, Eds., pp. 217–229. Raven Press, New York.
  • 145
    • 0019256362 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame administration to the infant monkey: Hypothalamic morphology and plasma amino acid levels
    • W.A. Reynolds L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E. Renn Aspartame administration to the infant monkey: Hypothalamic morphology and plasma amino acid levels Anat. Rec. 198 1980 73 84
    • (1980) Anat. Rec. , vol.198 , pp. 73-84
    • Reynolds, W.A.1    Stegink, L.D.2    Filer, L.J.3    Renn, E.4
  • 146
    • 0017667244 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and aspartate loading upon plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid levels in normal adult volunteers
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame and aspartate loading upon plasma and erythrocyte free amino acid levels in normal adult volunteers J. Nutr. 107 1977 1837 1845
    • (1977) J. Nutr. , vol.107 , pp. 1837-1845
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 147
    • 0018570992 scopus 로고
    • Plasma, erythrocyte and human milk levels of free amino acids in lactating women administered aspartame or lactose
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma, erythrocyte and human milk levels of free amino acids in lactating women administered aspartame or lactose J. Nutr. 109 1979 2173 2181
    • (1979) J. Nutr. , vol.109 , pp. 2173-2181
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 148
    • 0019405397 scopus 로고
    • Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free amino acids in adult humans administered abuse doses of aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free amino acids in adult humans administered abuse doses of aspartame J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7 1981 291 305
    • (1981) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.7 , pp. 291-305
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 149
    • 0019817828 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and sucrose loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame and sucrose loading in glutamate-susceptible subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34 1981 1899 1905
    • (1981) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.34 , pp. 1899-1905
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 150
    • 0020365641 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame plus monosodium L-glutamate ingestion on plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in normal adult subjects fed a high protein meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Effect of aspartame plus monosodium L -glutamate ingestion on plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in normal adult subjects fed a high protein meal Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36 1982 1145 1152
    • (1982) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.36 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 151
    • 0020960801 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults fed meals with added monosodium L-glutamate and aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults fed meals with added monosodium L -glutamate and aspartame J. Nutr. 113 1983 1851 1860
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1851-1860
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 152
    • 0023583117 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults ingesting aspartame and monosodium L-glutamate as part of a soup/beverage meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults ingesting aspartame and monosodium L -glutamate as part of a soup/beverage meal Metabolism. 36 1987 1073 1079
    • (1987) Metabolism. , vol.36 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3
  • 153
    • 0015829614 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary supplementation of monosodium glutamate on infant monkeys, weanling rats, and suckling mice
    • C.-P. Wen K.C. Hayes S.N. Gershoff Effects of dietary supplementation of monosodium glutamate on infant monkeys, weanling rats, and suckling mice Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 26 1973 803 813
    • (1973) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.26 , pp. 803-813
    • Wen, C.-P.1    Hayes, K.C.2    Gershoff, S.N.3
  • 154
    • 84901970027 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular levels of monoamines in striatum of baboon and rat following oral phenylalanine
    • B. Arvin A.G. Chapman B.S. Meldrum Extracellular levels of monoamines in striatum of baboon and rat following oral phenylalanine Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18 1992 24
    • (1992) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.18 , pp. 24
    • Arvin, B.1    Chapman, A.G.2    Meldrum, B.S.3
  • 155
    • 0026042524 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and sucrose produce a similar increase in the plasma phenylalanine to large neutral amino acid ratio in healthy-subjects
    • T.S. Burns W.W. Stargel C. Tschanz F.N. Kotsonis A. Hurwitz Aspartame and sucrose produce a similar increase in the plasma phenylalanine to large neutral amino acid ratio in healthy-subjects Pharmacology 43 1991 210 219
    • (1991) Pharmacology , vol.43 , pp. 210-219
    • Burns, T.S.1    Stargel, W.W.2    Tschanz, C.3    Kotsonis, F.N.4    Hurwitz, A.5
  • 156
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 157
    • 0022889245 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid levels after single-dose aspartame consumption in phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and heterozygous state for phenylketonuria
    • B. Caballero B.E. Mahon F.J. Rohr H.L. Levy R.J. Wurtman Plasma amino acid levels after single-dose aspartame consumption in phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and heterozygous state for phenylketonuria J. Pediatr. 109 1986 668 671
    • (1986) J. Pediatr. , vol.109 , pp. 668-671
    • Caballero, B.1    Mahon, B.E.2    Rohr, F.J.3    Levy, H.L.4    Wurtman, R.J.5
  • 158
    • 0022618206 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiochemical alterations induced by the artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet)
    • R.A. Coulombe Jr. R.P. Sharma Neurobiochemical alterations induced by the artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 83 1986 79 85
    • (1986) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.83 , pp. 79-85
    • Coulombe, R.A.1    Sharma, R.P.2
  • 160
    • 0026102093 scopus 로고
    • Amino acids, monoamines and audiogenic-seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: Effects of aspartame
    • J.W. Dailey S.M. Lasley R.L. Burger A.F. Bettendorf P.K. Mishra P.C. Jobe Amino acids, monoamines and audiogenic-seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: Effects of aspartame Epilepsy Res. 8 1991 122 133
    • (1991) Epilepsy Res. , vol.8 , pp. 122-133
    • Dailey, J.W.1    Lasley, S.M.2    Burger, R.L.3    Bettendorf, A.F.4    Mishra, P.K.5    Jobe, P.C.6
  • 161
    • 0026033919 scopus 로고
    • Interspecies and interstrain studies on the increased susceptibility to metrazol-induced convulsions in animals given aspartame
    • L. Diomede M. Romano G. Guiso S. Caccia S. Nava M. Salmona Interspecies and interstrain studies on the increased susceptibility to metrazol-induced convulsions in animals given aspartame Food Chem. Toxicol. 29 1991 101 106
    • (1991) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.29 , pp. 101-106
    • Diomede, L.1    Romano, M.2    Guiso, G.3    Caccia, S.4    Nava, S.5    Salmona, M.6
  • 162
    • 0024595813 scopus 로고
    • Oral aspartame and plasma phenylalanine: Pharmacokinetic difference between rodents and man, and relevance to CNS effects of phenylalanine
    • J.D. Fernstrom Oral aspartame and plasma phenylalanine: Pharmacokinetic difference between rodents and man, and relevance to CNS effects of phenylalanine J. Neural Transm. 75 1989 159 164
    • (1989) J. Neural Transm. , vol.75 , pp. 159-164
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1
  • 163
    • 0015526241 scopus 로고
    • Brain serotonin content: Physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids
    • J.D. Fernstrom R.J. Wurtman Brain serotonin content: Physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids Science 178 1972 414 416
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 414-416
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1    Wurtman, R.J.2
  • 164
    • 0020527328 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of aspartame on large neutral amino acids and monoamines in rat brain
    • J.D. Fernstrom M.H. Fernstrom M.A. Gillis Acute effects of aspartame on large neutral amino acids and monoamines in rat brain Life Sci. 32 1983 1651 1658
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1651-1658
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1    Fernstrom, M.H.2    Gillis, M.A.3
  • 165
    • 0022524837 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame ingestion on the carbohydrate-induced rise in tryptophan hydroxylation rate in rat brain
    • J.D. Fernstrom M.H. Fernstrom P.E. Grubb Effects of aspartame ingestion on the carbohydrate-induced rise in tryptophan hydroxylation rate in rat brain Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44 1986 195 205
    • (1986) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.44 , pp. 195-205
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1    Fernstrom, M.H.2    Grubb, P.E.3
  • 166
    • 0025735721 scopus 로고
    • In vivo tyrosine hydroxylation in rat retina: Effect of aspartame ingestion in rats pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine
    • J.D. Fernstrom M.H. Fernstrom M.S. Massoudi In vivo tyrosine hydroxylation in rat retina: Effect of aspartame ingestion in rats pretreated with p -chlorophenylalanine Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53 1991 923 929
    • (1991) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 923-929
    • Fernstrom, J.D.1    Fernstrom, M.H.2    Massoudi, M.S.3
  • 167
    • 0023682131 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame exposure and in vitro hippocampal slice excitability and plasticity
    • S.B. Fountain S.K. Hennes T.J. Teyler Aspartame exposure and in vitro hippocampal slice excitability and plasticity Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 11 1988 221 228
    • (1988) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.11 , pp. 221-228
    • Fountain, S.B.1    Hennes, S.K.2    Teyler, T.J.3
  • 168
    • 0025066434 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of aspartame on concentrations of brain amines and their metabolites in selected brain regions of Fischer-344 and Sprague–Dawley rats
    • G. Freeman T. Sobotka D. Hattan Acute effects of aspartame on concentrations of brain amines and their metabolites in selected brain regions of Fischer-344 and Sprague–Dawley rats Drug Chem. Toxicol. 13 1990 113 133
    • (1990) Drug Chem. Toxicol. , vol.13 , pp. 113-133
    • Freeman, G.1    Sobotka, T.2    Hattan, D.3
  • 169
    • 85120106238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garattini, S., Caccia, S., Romano, M., Diomede, L., Guiso, G., Vezzani, A., and Salmona, M.1988. Studies on the susceptibility to convulsions in animals receiving abuse doses of aspartame. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 131–143. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 170
    • 0034604525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of aspartame on aggression and neurochemistry of rats
    • A.L. Goerss G.C. Wagner W.L. Hill Acute effects of aspartame on aggression and neurochemistry of rats Life Sci. 67 2000 1325 1329
    • (2000) Life Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1325-1329
    • Goerss, A.L.1    Wagner, G.C.2    Hill, W.L.3
  • 171
    • 0029802876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspartame on seizure susceptibility and the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, valproate and phenytoin in mice
    • N.Y. Helali H. El-Kashef H. Salem N. Gamiel M.M.A. Elmazar The effect of aspartame on seizure susceptibility and the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, valproate and phenytoin in mice Saudi Pharm. J. 4 1996 149 156
    • (1996) Saudi Pharm. J. , vol.4 , pp. 149-156
    • Helali, N.Y.1    El-Kashef, H.2    Salem, H.3    Gamiel, N.4    Elmazar, M.M.A.5
  • 173
    • 0014083681 scopus 로고
    • Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase
    • M. Ikeda M. Levitt S. Udenfriend Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 120 1967 420 427
    • (1967) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.120 , pp. 420-427
    • Ikeda, M.1    Levitt, M.2    Udenfriend, S.3
  • 175
    • 0028359133 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame consumption: Lack of effects on neural function
    • A. Lajtha M.A. Reilly D.S. Dunlop Aspartame consumption: Lack of effects on neural function J. Nutr. Biochem. 5 1994 266 283
    • (1994) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.5 , pp. 266-283
    • Lajtha, A.1    Reilly, M.A.2    Dunlop, D.S.3
  • 176
    • 0023612687 scopus 로고
    • Possible neurologic effects of aspartame, a widely used food additive
    • T.J. Maher R.J. Wurtman Possible neurologic effects of aspartame, a widely used food additive Environ. Health Perspect. 75 1987 53 57
    • (1987) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.75 , pp. 53-57
    • Maher, T.J.1    Wurtman, R.J.2
  • 177
    • 0019946198 scopus 로고
    • Effect of various oral glucose doses on plasma neutral amino acid levels
    • Pan R. Martin-Du C. Mauron B. Glaeser R.J. Wurtman Effect of various oral glucose doses on plasma neutral amino acid levels Metabolism 31 1982 937 943
    • (1982) Metabolism , vol.31 , pp. 937-943
    • Martin-Du, Pan R.1    Mauron, C.2    Glaeser, B.3    Wurtman, R.J.4
  • 178
    • 0025897513 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man
    • S.E. Møller Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man Pharmacol. Toxicol. 68 1991 408 412
    • (1991) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.68 , pp. 408-412
    • Møller, S.E.1
  • 179
    • 0025292908 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame on N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes
    • 3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes Brain Res. 520 1990 351 353
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.520 , pp. 351-353
    • Pan-Hou, H.1    Suda, Y.2    Ohe, Y.3    Sumi, M.4    Yoshioka, M.5
  • 181
    • 0029102070 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame does not affect aminergic and glutamatergic receptor kinetics in rat brain
    • M.A. Reilly A. Lajtha Aspartame does not affect aminergic and glutamatergic receptor kinetics in rat brain Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 757 1995 311 313
    • (1995) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.757 , pp. 311-313
    • Reilly, M.A.1    Lajtha, A.2
  • 182
    • 0028943169 scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic receptor kinetics are not altered by perinatal exposure to aspartame
    • M.A. Reilly A. Lajtha Glutamatergic receptor kinetics are not altered by perinatal exposure to aspartame Neurochem. Int. 26 1995 217 222
    • (1995) Neurochem. Int. , vol.26 , pp. 217-222
    • Reilly, M.A.1    Lajtha, A.2
  • 183
    • 0025636380 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal exposure to aspartame does not alter aminergic neurotransmitter systems in weanling rat brain
    • M.A. Reilly E.A. Debler A. Lajtha Perinatal exposure to aspartame does not alter aminergic neurotransmitter systems in weanling rat brain Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. 15 1990 141 159
    • (1990) Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. , vol.15 , pp. 141-159
    • Reilly, M.A.1    Debler, E.A.2    Lajtha, A.3
  • 184
    • 0024786855 scopus 로고
    • Chronic aspartame ingestion does not alter cerebral levels of aminergic neurotransmitters and related amino acids in the rat brain
    • M.A. Reilly E.A. Debler A. Fleischer A. Lajtha Chronic aspartame ingestion does not alter cerebral levels of aminergic neurotransmitters and related amino acids in the rat brain Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. 14 1989 287 303
    • (1989) Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. , vol.14 , pp. 287-303
    • Reilly, M.A.1    Debler, E.A.2    Fleischer, A.3    Lajtha, A.4
  • 185
    • 0024391051 scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of chronic aspartame ingestion on aminergic receptors in rat brain
    • M.A. Reilly E.A. Debler A. Fleischer A. Lajtha Lack of effect of chronic aspartame ingestion on aminergic receptors in rat brain Biochem. Pharmacol. 38 1989 4339 4341
    • (1989) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.38 , pp. 4339-4341
    • Reilly, M.A.1    Debler, E.A.2    Fleischer, A.3    Lajtha, A.4
  • 186
    • 0024538553 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame and carbohydrate administration on human and rat plasma large neutral amino acid levels and rat brain amino acid and monoamine levels
    • M. Romano F. Casacci F. De Marchi T. Pacei A. Esteve G. Lomuscio T. Mennini M. Salmona Effects of aspartame and carbohydrate administration on human and rat plasma large neutral amino acid levels and rat brain amino acid and monoamine levels J. Nutr. 119 1989 75 81
    • (1989) J. Nutr. , vol.119 , pp. 75-81
    • Romano, M.1    Casacci, F.2    De Marchi, F.3    Pacei, T.4    Esteve, A.5    Lomuscio, G.6    Mennini, T.7    Salmona, M.8
  • 187
    • 0025284644 scopus 로고
    • Plasma and brain kinetics of large neutral amino acids and of striatum monoamines in rats given aspartame
    • M. Romano L. Diomede G. Guiso S. Caccia C. Perego M. Salmona Plasma and brain kinetics of large neutral amino acids and of striatum monoamines in rats given aspartame Food Chem. Toxicol. 28 1990 317 321
    • (1990) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.28 , pp. 317-321
    • Romano, M.1    Diomede, L.2    Guiso, G.3    Caccia, S.4    Perego, C.5    Salmona, M.6
  • 188
    • 0023389017 scopus 로고
    • Effects of repeated doses of aspartame on serotonin and its metabolite in various regions of the mouse brain
    • R.P. Sharma R.A. Coulombe Jr. Effects of repeated doses of aspartame on serotonin and its metabolite in various regions of the mouse brain Food Chem. Toxicol. 25 1987 565 568
    • (1987) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 565-568
    • Sharma, R.P.1    Coulombe, R.A.2
  • 190
    • 85120127490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D., and Filer, L. J. Jr.1996a. Effects of aspartame ingestion on plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, and methanol concentrations in normal adults. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 67–86. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 191
    • 85120093210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D., and Filer, L. J. Jr.1996b. Effects of aspartame ingestion on plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, and methanol concentrations in potentially sensitive populations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 87–113. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 193
    • 0023607870 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.C. Wolf-Novak L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Zeigler W.L. Krause M.C. Brummel Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria J. Nutr. 117 1987 1989 1995
    • (1987) J. Nutr. , vol.117 , pp. 1989-1995
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Wolf-Novak, L.C.2    Filer, L.J.3    Bell, E.F.4    Zeigler, E.E.5    Krause, W.L.6    Brummel, M.C.7
  • 194
    • 0022640228 scopus 로고
    • Seizure and mania after high intake of aspartame
    • R.G. Walton Seizure and mania after high intake of aspartame Psychosomatics 27 1986 218, 220
    • (1986) Psychosomatics , vol.27
    • Walton, R.G.1
  • 195
    • 0025215805 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: Effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and insulin
    • L.C. Wolf-Novak L.D. Stegink M.C. Brummel T.J. Persoon L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler W.L. Krause Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: Effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and insulin Metabolism 39 1990 391 396
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 391-396
    • Wolf-Novak, L.C.1    Stegink, L.D.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Persoon, T.J.4    Filer, L.J.5    Bell, E.F.6    Ziegler, E.E.7    Krause, W.L.8
  • 196
    • 0020578205 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical changes following high-dose aspartame with dietary carbohydrates
    • R.J. Wurtman Neurochemical changes following high-dose aspartame with dietary carbohydrates N. Engl. J. Med. 309 1983 429 430
    • (1983) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.309 , pp. 429-430
    • Wurtman, R.J.1
  • 197
    • 0022376446 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Possible effect on seizure susceptibility
    • R.J. Wurtman Aspartame: Possible effect on seizure susceptibility Lancet 2 1985 1060
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1060
    • Wurtman, R.J.1
  • 198
    • 0023281032 scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral aspartame on plasma phenylalanine in humans and experimental rodents
    • R.J. Wurtman T.J. Maher Effects of oral aspartame on plasma phenylalanine in humans and experimental rodents J. Neural Transm. 70 1987 169 173
    • (1987) J. Neural Transm. , vol.70 , pp. 169-173
    • Wurtman, R.J.1    Maher, T.J.2
  • 199
    • 0022642444 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of oral or parenteral aspartame on catecholamine metabolism in various regions of rat brain
    • H. Yokogoshi R.J. Wurtman Acute effects of oral or parenteral aspartame on catecholamine metabolism in various regions of rat brain J. Nutr. 116 1986 356 364
    • (1986) J. Nutr. , vol.116 , pp. 356-364
    • Yokogoshi, H.1    Wurtman, R.J.2
  • 200
    • 0021248304 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame and glucose administration on brain and plasma levels of large neutral amino acids and brain 5-hydroxyindoles
    • H. Yokogoshi C.H. Roberts B. Caballero R.J. Wurtman Effects of aspartame and glucose administration on brain and plasma levels of large neutral amino acids and brain 5-hydroxyindoles Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40 1984 1 7
    • (1984) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.40 , pp. 1-7
    • Yokogoshi, H.1    Roberts, C.H.2    Caballero, B.3    Wurtman, R.J.4
  • 201
    • 0006396573 scopus 로고
    • Detection of methanol poisoning with special consideration of the estimation of formic acid in solid viscera, blood and urine: Investigation of 11 fatal cases
    • A.R. Alha J. Raehallio A.L. Muckula Detection of methanol poisoning with special consideration of the estimation of formic acid in solid viscera, blood and urine: Investigation of 11 fatal cases Ann. Med. Exp. Fenn. 36 1958 444 451
    • (1958) Ann. Med. Exp. Fenn. , vol.36 , pp. 444-451
    • Alha, A.R.1    Raehallio, J.2    Muckula, A.L.3
  • 202
    • 0026824284 scopus 로고
    • Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany
    • A. Bar C. Biermann Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany Z. Ernahrungswiss. 31 1992 25 39
    • (1992) Z. Ernahrungswiss. , vol.31 , pp. 25-39
    • Bar, A.1    Biermann, C.2
  • 203
    • 85120117362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bergsten, C. 1993, Intake of Acesulfame-K, Aspartame, Cyclamate and Saccharin in Norway , SNT Report 3, Norwegian Food Control Authority, Oslo, Norway.
  • 204
    • 0023943515 scopus 로고
    • The problem of methanol concentration admissible in distilled fruit spirits
    • F. Bindler E. Voges P. Laugel The problem of methanol concentration admissible in distilled fruit spirits Food Addit. Contam. 5 1988 343 351
    • (1988) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.5 , pp. 343-351
    • Bindler, F.1    Voges, E.2    Laugel, P.3
  • 207
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 208
    • 85120109394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1994. Postmarketing surveillance in the food industry: the aspartame case study. In Nutritional ToxicologyF. N. Kotsonis, M. Mackey, and J. Hjelle, Eds., pp. 235–250. Raven Press, New York.
  • 209
    • 85120103013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1996. Acceptable daily intake and estimation of consumption. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 43–53. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 210
    • 0035701818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period
    • H.H. Butchko W.W. Stargel Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 34 2001 221 233
    • (2001) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , pp. 221-233
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Stargel, W.W.2
  • 214
    • 1842722045 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 53 1988 41325 41329
    • (1988) Fed. Regist. , vol.53 , pp. 41325-41329
  • 215
    • 0038174964 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 59 1994 5317 5320
    • (1994) Fed. Regist. , vol.59 , pp. 5317-5320
  • 216
    • 0008016690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 61 1996 26786 26788
    • (1996) Fed. Regist. , vol.61 , pp. 26786-26788
  • 217
    • 0034990831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics
    • I. Garnier-Sagne J.C. Leblanc P. Verger Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics Food Chem. Toxicol. 39 2001 745 749
    • (2001) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.39 , pp. 745-749
    • Garnier-Sagne, I.1    Leblanc, J.C.2    Verger, P.3
  • 218
    • 0028136597 scopus 로고
    • Zur methanolbildung in vitro und in vivo
    • O. Grüner N. Bilzer J. Liebmann Zur methanolbildung in vitro und in vivo Blutalkohol. 31 1994 228 232
    • (1994) Blutalkohol. , vol.31 , pp. 228-232
    • Grüner, O.1    Bilzer, N.2    Liebmann, J.3
  • 219
    • 85120142544 scopus 로고
    • Proposal on Aspartame 1979 Health Protection Branch Ottawa
    • (1979)
  • 220
  • 221
    • 2042443015 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame consumption in a representative sample of Canadians
    • J.P. Heybach C. Ross Aspartame consumption in a representative sample of Canadians J. Can. Diet. Assoc. 50 1989 166 170
    • (1989) J. Can. Diet. Assoc. , vol.50 , pp. 166-170
    • Heybach, J.P.1    Ross, C.2
  • 222
    • 0027006537 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring sweetener consumption in Great Britain
    • A.L. Hinson W.M. Nicol Monitoring sweetener consumption in Great Britain Food Addit. Contam. 9 1992 669 680
    • (1992) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.9 , pp. 669-680
    • Hinson, A.L.1    Nicol, W.M.2
  • 223
    • 85120100363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hulshof, K. F. A. M, and, Bouman, M. 1995, Use of Various Types of Sweeteners in Different Population Groups , 1992 Dutch National Food Consumption Survey, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Netherlands.
  • 225
    • 85120098769 scopus 로고
    • Volatile water-soluble and oil constituents of Valencia orange juice
    • J.G. Kirchner J.M. Miller Volatile water-soluble and oil constituents of Valencia orange juice Agric. Food Chem. 5 1957 282 291
    • (1957) Agric. Food Chem. , vol.5 , pp. 282-291
    • Kirchner, J.G.1    Miller, J.M.2
  • 227
    • 85120098109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kotsonis, F. N., and Hjelle, J. J.1996. The safety assessment of aspartame: Scientific and regulatory considerations. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 23–41. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 228
    • 0033030989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: Present levels and projections
    • C. Leclercq D. Berardi M.R. Sorbillo J. Lambe Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: Present levels and projections Food Addit. Contam. 16 1999 99 109
    • (1999) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.16 , pp. 99-109
    • Leclercq, C.1    Berardi, D.2    Sorbillo, M.R.3    Lambe, J.4
  • 230
    • 0017115609 scopus 로고
    • Methanol poisoning in the folate-deficient rat
    • A.B. Makar T.R. Tephly Methanol poisoning in the folate-deficient rat Nature 261 1976 715 716
    • (1976) Nature , vol.261 , pp. 715-716
    • Makar, A.B.1    Tephly, T.R.2
  • 233
    • 0016538402 scopus 로고
    • Methanol poisoning. I. The role of formic acid in the development of metabolic acidosis in the monkey and the reversal by 4-methylpyrazole
    • K.E. McMartin A.B. Makar G. Martin-Amat M. Palese T.R. Tephly Methanol poisoning. I. The role of formic acid in the development of metabolic acidosis in the monkey and the reversal by 4-methylpyrazole Biochem. Med. 13 1975 319 333
    • (1975) Biochem. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 319-333
    • McMartin, K.E.1    Makar, A.B.2    Martin-Amat, G.3    Palese, M.4    Tephly, T.R.5
  • 236
    • 85120104459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF), 1990, Intakes of Intense and Bulk Sweeteners in the UK 1987–1988 , Food Surveillance Paper No. 29, London, UK.
  • 237
    • 85120143673 scopus 로고
    • Survey of the Intake of Sweeteners by Diabetics 1995 Food Surveillance Information Sheet. Food Safety Directorate London
    • (1995)
  • 238
  • 239
    • 85120145275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Food Authority Australia, 1995, Survey of Intense Sweetener Consumption in Australia: Final Report , Canberra, Australia.
  • 240
    • 0017240101 scopus 로고
    • The effects of formate on cytochrome aa3 and on electron transport in the intact respiratory chain
    • P. Nicholls The effects of formate on cytochrome aa3 and on electron transport in the intact respiratory chain Biochim. Biophys. Acta 430 1976 13 29
    • (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.430 , pp. 13-29
    • Nicholls, P.1
  • 241
    • 0018928042 scopus 로고
    • Methanol toxicity: Treatment with folic acid and 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid
    • P.E. Noker J.T. Eells T.R. Tephly Methanol toxicity: Treatment with folic acid and 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 4 1980 378 383
    • (1980) Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. , vol.4 , pp. 378-383
    • Noker, P.E.1    Eells, J.T.2    Tephly, T.R.3
  • 242
    • 85120122724 scopus 로고
    • Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, sixteenth series 1985 Commission of the European Communities Luxembourg
    • (1985)
  • 243
    • 0020674852 scopus 로고
    • Formate concentrations in plasma from patients poisoned with methanol
    • O.M. Sejersted D. Jacobsen S. Ovrebo H. Jansen Formate concentrations in plasma from patients poisoned with methanol Acta Med. Scand. 213 1983 105 110
    • (1983) Acta Med. Scand. , vol.213 , pp. 105-110
    • Sejersted, O.M.1    Jacobsen, D.2    Ovrebo, S.3    Jansen, H.4
  • 244
    • 0035089650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential recovery of retinal function after mitochondrial inhibition by methanol intoxication
    • M.T. Seme P. Summerfelt J. Neitz J.T. Eells M.M. Henry Differential recovery of retinal function after mitochondrial inhibition by methanol intoxication Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42 2001 834 841
    • (2001) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 834-841
    • Seme, M.T.1    Summerfelt, P.2    Neitz, J.3    Eells, J.T.4    Henry, M.M.5
  • 246
    • 84889417675 scopus 로고
    • The physiological fate of methylalcohol released from pectin
    • H. Sommer The physiological fate of methylalcohol released from pectin Industrielle Obst. Gemüseverwertung. 47 1962 172 173
    • (1962) Industrielle Obst. Gemüseverwertung. , vol.47 , pp. 172-173
    • Sommer, H.1
  • 248
    • 0020562747 scopus 로고
    • Blood methanol concentrations in one-year-old infants administered graded doses of aspartame
    • L.D. Stegink M.C. Brummel L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker Blood methanol concentrations in one-year-old infants administered graded doses of aspartame J. Nutr. 113 1983 1600 1606
    • (1983) J. Nutr. , vol.113 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Brummel, M.C.2    Filer, L.J.3    Baker, G.L.4
  • 249
    • 0024556401 scopus 로고
    • Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations in normal adults
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Zeigler T.R. Tephly Effect of repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage on plasma amino acid, blood methanol, and blood formate concentrations in normal adults Metabolism 38 1989 357 363
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 357-363
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Zeigler, E.E.4    Tephly, T.R.5
  • 250
    • 0025133228 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Zeigler T.R. Tephly W.L. Krause Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria Metabolism 39 1990 1076 1081
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 1076-1081
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Zeigler, E.E.4    Tephly, T.R.5    Krause, W.L.6
  • 252
    • 0025927934 scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of methanol
    • T.R. Tephly The toxicity of methanol Life Sci. 48 1991 1031 1041
    • (1991) Life Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1031-1041
    • Tephly, T.R.1
  • 253
    • 0033588435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on the purported generation of formaldehyde and adduct formation from the sweetener aspartame
    • T.R. Tephly Comments on the purported generation of formaldehyde and adduct formation from the sweetener aspartame Life Sci. 65 1999 157 160
    • (1999) Life Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 157-160
    • Tephly, T.R.1
  • 255
    • 0029564266 scopus 로고
    • Potential intake of intense sweeteners in Brazil
    • M.C.F. Toledo S.H. Ioshi Potential intake of intense sweeteners in Brazil Food Addit. Contam. 12 1995 799 808
    • (1995) Food Addit. Contam. , vol.12 , pp. 799-808
    • Toledo, M.C.F.1    Ioshi, S.H.2
  • 256
    • 0016343668 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver: Purification, properties and evidence for the formation of glutathionine thiol esters by the enzyme
    • L. Uotila M. Koivusalo Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver: Purification, properties and evidence for the formation of glutathionine thiol esters by the enzyme J. Biol. Chem. 249 1974 7653 7663
    • (1974) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.249 , pp. 7653-7663
    • Uotila, L.1    Koivusalo, M.2
  • 258
    • 85120127105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO), 1997, Environmental Health Criteria 196: Methanol , WHO, Geneva.
  • 259
    • 0342539231 scopus 로고
    • Vorhandener, gesamter und potentieller methylalkoholgehalt von fruchtsaften
    • K. Wucherpfennig H. Dietrich J. Bechtel Vorhandener, gesamter und potentieller methylalkoholgehalt von fruchtsaften Flussiges Obst. 8 1983 348 354
    • (1983) Flussiges Obst. , vol.8 , pp. 348-354
    • Wucherpfennig, K.1    Dietrich, H.2    Bechtel, J.3
  • 260
    • 85120105098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agencia, Saude, 1999, Forum of scientific discussion: Aspartame, Sao Paulo, Brazil, October 29, 1999, http://anvs1.saude.gov.br/Alimento/aspartame.html .
  • 263
    • 85120102530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1994. Postmarketing surveillance in the food industry: the aspartame case study. In Nutritional ToxicologyF. N. Kotsonis, M. Mackey, and J. Hjelle, Eds., pp. 235–250. Raven Press, New York.
  • 264
    • 85120128215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Kotsonis, F. N.1996. Acceptable daily intake and estimation of consumption. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 43–53. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 266
    • 85120122259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., Tschanz, C., and Kotsonis, F. N.1996. Postmarketing surveillance of anecdotal medical complaints. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 183–193. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 267
    • 85120141158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., Stargel, W. W., Comer, C. P., Mayhew, D. A., and Andress, S. E.2001. Aspartame. In Alternative Sweeteners, 3rd edition. L. O. Nabors, Ed., pp. 41–61. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 268
    • 0035701818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period
    • H.H. Butchko W.W. Stargel Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 34 2001 221 233
    • (2001) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , pp. 221-233
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Stargel, W.W.2
  • 269
    • 85120115034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butchko, H. H., and Stargel, W. W.2002. Postmarketing surveillance in the food industry: the aspartame case study. In Nutritional ToxicologyF. N. Kotsonis and M. Mackey, Eds., second ed., pp. 287–315. Taylor & Francis, London/New York.
  • 270
  • 271
    • 85120099254 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use 1984 CDC Atlanta
    • (1984)
  • 272
    • 0022628247 scopus 로고
    • Adverse-drug-reaction monitoring
    • G.A. Faich Adverse-drug-reaction monitoring N. Engl. J. Med. 314 1986 1589 1592
    • (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.314 , pp. 1589-1592
    • Faich, G.A.1
  • 273
    • 85120102965 scopus 로고
    • Summary of Adverse Reactions Attributed to Aspartame 1995 FDA Washington
    • (1995)
  • 274
    • 85120146321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food Standards Agency (FSA), 2000, Food Safety Information Bulletin No. 117, www.foodstandards.gov.uk/maff/archive/food/bulletin/2000/no117/asparte.htm .
  • 275
    • 0033219646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugar substitutes: Americans opt for sweetness and lite
    • J. Henkel Sugar substitutes: Americans opt for sweetness and lite FDA Consumer 1999 12 16
    • (1999) FDA Consumer , pp. 12-16
    • Henkel, J.1
  • 276
    • 85120098367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roberts, H. J.1988a. Neurological, psychiatric, and behavioral reactions to aspartame in 505 aspartame reactors. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 373–376. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 277
    • 0024216459 scopus 로고
    • Reactions attributed to aspartame-containing products: 551 cases
    • H.J. Roberts Reactions attributed to aspartame-containing products: 551 cases J. Appl. Nutr. 40 1988 85 94
    • (1988) J. Appl. Nutr. , vol.40 , pp. 85-94
    • Roberts, H.J.1
  • 278
    • 85120139856 scopus 로고
    • H.J. Roberts Aspartame (NutraSweet): Is It Safe? 1990 Charles Press Philadelphia
    • (1990)
    • Roberts, H.J.1
  • 279
    • 85120115766 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame (NutraSweet): Is it safe? (book review)
    • A.R. Rolla Aspartame (NutraSweet): Is it safe? (book review) N. Engl. J. Med. 323 1990 1495 1496
    • (1990) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.323 , pp. 1495-1496
    • Rolla, A.R.1
  • 280
    • 85120103155 scopus 로고
    • Adverse reactions to aspartame (letter)
    • S. Schiffman H.J. Roberts Adverse reactions to aspartame (letter) J. Appl. Nutr. 41 1989 40
    • (1989) J. Appl. Nutr. , vol.41 , pp. 40
    • Schiffman, S.1    Roberts, H.J.2
  • 281
    • 85120127413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squillacote, D. 1999a, Aspartame (NutraSweet): No Danger. , The Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, www.msfocus.org/aspar.htm .
  • 282
    • 85120117132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squillacote, D. 1999b, Aspartame: Come in from the Ledge . The Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, www.msfacts.org/aspart2.htm .
  • 283
    • 0024205178 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
    • L. Tollefson Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 1988 438 446
    • (1988) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.8 , pp. 438-446
    • Tollefson, L.1
  • 284
    • 85120114867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tollefson, L., Barnard, R. J., and Glinsmann, W. H.1988. Monitoring of adverse reactions to aspartame reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 317–337. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 285
    • 0026691762 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of FDA passive surveillance reports of seizures associated with consumption of aspartame
    • L. Tollefson R.J. Barnard An analysis of FDA passive surveillance reports of seizures associated with consumption of aspartame J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 92 1992 598 601
    • (1992) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.92 , pp. 598-601
    • Tollefson, L.1    Barnard, R.J.2
  • 286
    • 0027178584 scopus 로고
    • Multiple chemical sensitivity: Controlled scientific studies as proof of causation
    • L. Tollefson Multiple chemical sensitivity: Controlled scientific studies as proof of causation Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 18 1993 32 43
    • (1993) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.18 , pp. 32-43
    • Tollefson, L.1
  • 287
    • 0024100690 scopus 로고
    • More on aspartame and headache
    • W.K. Amery More on aspartame and headache Headache 28 1988 624
    • (1988) Headache , vol.28 , pp. 624
    • Amery, W.K.1
  • 290
    • 0025038584 scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of phenylalanine and aspartate from aspartame (20 mg/kg) in capsules and solution
    • T.S. Burns W.W. Stargel A. Hurwitz Bioavailability of phenylalanine and aspartate from aspartame (20 mg/kg) in capsules and solution Metabolism 39 1990 1200 1203
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 1200-1203
    • Burns, T.S.1    Stargel, W.W.2    Hurwitz, A.3
  • 291
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 292
    • 85120106559 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use 1984 CDC Atlanta
    • (1984)
  • 293
    • 84914642995 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and headache (letter)
    • L.J. Elsas Aspartame and headache (letter) N. Engl. J. Med. 318 1988 1201
    • (1988) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.318 , pp. 1201
    • Elsas, L.J.1
  • 294
    • 0023971233 scopus 로고
    • The single-patient clinical trial
    • M.A. Frasca J.C. Aldag The single-patient clinical trial Am. Fam. Phys. 37 1988 195 199
    • (1988) Am. Fam. Phys. , vol.37 , pp. 195-199
    • Frasca, M.A.1    Aldag, J.C.2
  • 295
    • 85120134657 scopus 로고
    • Response to Johns “Migraine provoked by aspartame” (letter)
    • G.E. Gaull Response to Johns “Migraine provoked by aspartame” (letter) N. Engl. J. Med. 315 1986 456
    • (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.315 , pp. 456
    • Gaull, G.E.1
  • 296
    • 0022545350 scopus 로고
    • Migraine provoked by aspartame (letter)
    • D.R. Johns Migraine provoked by aspartame (letter) N. Engl. J. Med. 315 1986 456
    • (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.315 , pp. 456
    • Johns, D.R.1
  • 297
    • 0023838714 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspartame on migraine headache
    • S.M. Koehler A. Glaros The effect of aspartame on migraine headache Headache 28 1988 10 14
    • (1988) Headache , vol.28 , pp. 10-14
    • Koehler, S.M.1    Glaros, A.2
  • 299
    • 0029355123 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and headache (letter)
    • P.S. Levy D. Hedeker P. Sanders Aspartame and headache (letter) Neurology 45 1995 1631 1632
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1631-1632
    • Levy, P.S.1    Hedeker, D.2    Sanders, P.3
  • 300
    • 0024559410 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiologic study of headache among adolescents and young adults
    • M.S. Linet W.F. Stewart D.D. Celentano D. Ziegler M. Sprecher An epidemiologic study of headache among adolescents and young adults JAMA 261 1989 2211 2216
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.261 , pp. 2211-2216
    • Linet, M.S.1    Stewart, W.F.2    Celentano, D.D.3    Ziegler, D.4    Sprecher, M.5
  • 304
    • 0029028813 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and headache (letter)
    • H.J. Roberts Aspartame and headache (letter) Neurology 45 1995 1631
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1631
    • Roberts, H.J.1
  • 305
    • 0024153916 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and headache (letter)
    • S.S. Schiffman Aspartame and headache (letter) Headache 28 1988 370
    • (1988) Headache , vol.28 , pp. 370
    • Schiffman, S.S.1
  • 306
    • 84947648384 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and headache (letter)
    • S. Schiffman Aspartame and headache (letter) Neurology 45 1995 1632
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1632
    • Schiffman, S.1
  • 309
    • 0023375561 scopus 로고
    • The aspartame story: A model for the clinical testing of a food additive
    • L.D. Stegink The aspartame story: A model for the clinical testing of a food additive Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46 1987 204 215
    • (1987) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.46 , pp. 204-215
    • Stegink, L.D.1
  • 311
    • 0024205178 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
    • L. Tollefson Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 1988 438 446
    • (1988) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.8 , pp. 438-446
    • Tollefson, L.1
  • 312
    • 85120114973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tollefson, L., Barnard, R. J., and Glinsmann, W. H.1988. Monitoring of adverse reactions to aspartame reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 317–337. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 315
    • 85120098531 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame, headaches and beta blockers (letter)
    • R.S. Watts Aspartame, headaches and beta blockers (letter) Headache 31 1991 181
    • (1991) Headache , vol.31 , pp. 181
    • Watts, R.S.1
  • 316
    • 85120118501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anderson, G. M., Novotny, E. J. Jr., and Shaywitz, B. A.1996. Evaluation of seizures. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 205–216. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 319
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 320
    • 0035701818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period
    • H.H. Butchko W.W. Stargel Aspartame: Scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 34 2001 221 233
    • (2001) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , pp. 221-233
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Stargel, W.W.2
  • 321
    • 0024554159 scopus 로고
    • Failure of aspartame to affect seizure susceptibility in kindled rats
    • D.P. Cain F. Boon M. Bevan Failure of aspartame to affect seizure susceptibility in kindled rats Neuropharmacology 28 1989 433 435
    • (1989) Neuropharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 433-435
    • Cain, D.P.1    Boon, F.2    Bevan, M.3
  • 322
    • 0026725086 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame exacerbates EEG spike-wave discharge in children with generalized absence epilepsy: A double-blind controlled study
    • P.R. Camfield C.S. Camfield J.M. Dooley K. Gordon S. Jollymore D.F. Weaver Aspartame exacerbates EEG spike-wave discharge in children with generalized absence epilepsy: A double-blind controlled study Neurology 42 1992 1000 1003
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1000-1003
    • Camfield, P.R.1    Camfield, C.S.2    Dooley, J.M.3    Gordon, K.4    Jollymore, S.5    Weaver, D.F.6
  • 323
    • 85120127720 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use 1984 CDC Atlanta
    • (1984)
  • 324
    • 85120136256 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame (ASM) and its metabolites on seizure susceptibility in mice
    • P. Chin D.M. Woodbury Effects of aspartame (ASM) and its metabolites on seizure susceptibility in mice Pharmacologist 30 1988 A119
    • (1988) Pharmacologist , vol.30 , pp. A119
    • Chin, P.1    Woodbury, D.M.2
  • 325
    • 84912775937 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame does not facilitate pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats
    • J.W. Dailey S.M. Lasley A.F. Bettendorf R. Burger P.C. Jobe Aspartame does not facilitate pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats Epilepsia 29 1988 651
    • (1988) Epilepsia , vol.29 , pp. 651
    • Dailey, J.W.1    Lasley, S.M.2    Bettendorf, A.F.3    Burger, R.4    Jobe, P.C.5
  • 327
    • 0026102093 scopus 로고
    • Amino acids, monoamines and audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: Effects of aspartame
    • J.W. Dailey S.M. Lasley R.L. Burger A.F. Bettendorf P.K. Mishra P.C. Jobe Amino acids, monoamines and audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: Effects of aspartame Epilepsy Res. 8 1991 122 133
    • (1991) Epilepsy Res. , vol.8 , pp. 122-133
    • Dailey, J.W.1    Lasley, S.M.2    Burger, R.L.3    Bettendorf, A.F.4    Mishra, P.K.5    Jobe, P.C.6
  • 328
    • 0026033919 scopus 로고
    • Interspecies and interstrain studies on the increased susceptibility to metrazol-induced convulsions in animals given aspartame
    • L. Diomede M. Romano G. Guiso S. Caccia S. Nava M. Salmona Interspecies and interstrain studies on the increased susceptibility to metrazol-induced convulsions in animals given aspartame Food Chem. Toxicol. 29 1991 101 106
    • (1991) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.29 , pp. 101-106
    • Diomede, L.1    Romano, M.2    Guiso, G.3    Caccia, S.4    Nava, S.5    Salmona, M.6
  • 329
    • 85120119847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elsas, L. J., and Trotter, J. F.1988. Changes in physiological concentrations of blood phenylalanine produce changes in sensitive parameters of human brain function. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 187–195. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 331
    • 0027339107 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and seizures (letter)
    • Y. Eshel I. Sarova-Pinhas Aspartame and seizures (letter) Neurology 43 1993 2154 2155
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2154-2155
    • Eshel, Y.1    Sarova-Pinhas, I.2
  • 332
    • 85120142857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garattini, S., Caccia, S., Romano, M., Diomed, L., Guiso, G., Vezzani, A., and Salmona, M.1988. Studies on the susceptibility to convulsions in animals receiving abuse doses of aspartame. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 131–143. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 334
    • 0026345148 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tyrosine on the potentiation by aspartame and phenylalanine of metrazol-induced convulsions in rats
    • G. Guiso L. Diomede M. Romano S. Caccia S. Sarati M. Salmona Effect of tyrosine on the potentiation by aspartame and phenylalanine of metrazol-induced convulsions in rats Food Chem. Toxicol. 29 1991 855 857
    • (1991) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.29 , pp. 855-857
    • Guiso, G.1    Diomede, L.2    Romano, M.3    Caccia, S.4    Sarati, S.5    Salmona, M.6
  • 335
    • 0029802876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspartame on seizure susceptibility and the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, valproate and phenytoin in mice
    • N.Y. Helali H. El-Kashef H. Salem N. Gamiel M.M.A. Elmazar The effect of aspartame on seizure susceptibility and the anticonvulsant action of ethosuximide, valproate and phenytoin in mice Saudi Pharm. J. 4 1996 149 156
    • (1996) Saudi Pharm. J. , vol.4 , pp. 149-156
    • Helali, N.Y.1    El-Kashef, H.2    Salem, H.3    Gamiel, N.4    Elmazar, M.M.A.5
  • 336
  • 337
    • 84936489738 scopus 로고
    • Multiple exposures to audiogenic stimuli in DBA/2 mice: Lack of effect of aspartame
    • P.C. Jobe A.F. Bettendorf S.M. Lasley J.W. Dailey Multiple exposures to audiogenic stimuli in DBA/2 mice: Lack of effect of aspartame Epilepsia 30 1989 653
    • (1989) Epilepsia , vol.30 , pp. 653
    • Jobe, P.C.1    Bettendorf, A.F.2    Lasley, S.M.3    Dailey, J.W.4
  • 339
    • 0008103662 scopus 로고
    • Absence of an effect of aspartame on seizures induced by electroshock in epileptic and non-epileptic rats
    • P.C. Jobe S.M. Lasley R.L. Burger A.F. Bettendorf P.K. Mishra J.W. Dailey Absence of an effect of aspartame on seizures induced by electroshock in epileptic and non-epileptic rats Amino Acids 3 1992 155 172
    • (1992) Amino Acids , vol.3 , pp. 155-172
    • Jobe, P.C.1    Lasley, S.M.2    Burger, R.L.3    Bettendorf, A.F.4    Mishra, P.K.5    Dailey, J.W.6
  • 340
    • 84910340244 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the effect of aspartame and lidocaine interaction in central nervous system in mice
    • K.C. Kim S.H. Kim Studies on the effect of aspartame and lidocaine interaction in central nervous system in mice Fed. Proc. 46 1987 705
    • (1987) Fed. Proc. , vol.46 , pp. 705
    • Kim, K.C.1    Kim, S.H.2
  • 341
    • 85120097416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kim, K. C., Tasch, M. D., and Kim, S. H., 1988. The effect of aspartame on 50% convulsion doses of lidocaine. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 127–130. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 342
    • 0024336694 scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of aspartame or of L-phenylalanine on photically induced myoclonus in the baboon, Papio papio
    • B.S. Meldrum N. Nanji R.G. Cornell Lack of effect of aspartame or of L -phenylalanine on photically induced myoclonus in the baboon, Papio papio Epilepsy Res. 4 1989 1 7
    • (1989) Epilepsy Res. , vol.4 , pp. 1-7
    • Meldrum, B.S.1    Nanji, N.2    Cornell, R.G.3
  • 343
    • 85120133717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nevins, M. E., Arnolde, S. M., and Haigler, H. J.1987. Aspartame: Lack of effect on convulsant thresholds in mice. In Amino Acids in Health and Disease: New PerspectivesS. Kaufman, Ed., pp. 437–449. Liss, Inc. New York.
  • 344
    • 0023744304 scopus 로고
    • Administration of aspartame potentiates pentylenetetrazole- and fluorothyl-induced seizures in mice
    • J.M.B. Pinto T.J. Maher Administration of aspartame potentiates pentylenetetrazole- and fluorothyl-induced seizures in mice Neuropharmacology 27 1988 51 55
    • (1988) Neuropharmacology , vol.27 , pp. 51-55
    • Pinto, J.M.B.1    Maher, T.J.2
  • 345
    • 85120103567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rao, K. S, McConnell, R. G, and, Waisman, H. A. 1972, SC-18862: 52 Week Oral Toxicity Study in the Infant Monkey , G. D. Searle and Co. research report submitted to FDA Record, Aspartame 75F-0355 (File E-32).
  • 346
    • 85120137207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reynolds, W. A., Bauman, A. F., Stegink, L. D., Filer, L. J. Jr., and Naidu, S.1984. Developmental assessment of infant macaques receiving dietary aspartame or phenylalanine. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 405–423. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 347
    • 85120101234 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame (NutraSweet)-associated epilepsy
    • H.J. Roberts Aspartame (NutraSweet)-associated epilepsy Clin. Res. 36 1988 349A
    • (1988) Clin. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 349A
    • Roberts, H.J.1
  • 348
    • 0028963865 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and seizure susceptibility: Results of a clinical study in reportedly sensitive individuals
    • A.J. Rowan B.A. Shaywitz L. Tuchman J.A. French D. Luciano C.M. Sullivan Aspartame and seizure susceptibility: Results of a clinical study in reportedly sensitive individuals Epilepsia 36 1995 270 275
    • (1995) Epilepsia , vol.36 , pp. 270-275
    • Rowan, A.J.1    Shaywitz, B.A.2    Tuchman, L.3    French, J.A.4    Luciano, D.5    Sullivan, C.M.6
  • 350
    • 84937172501 scopus 로고
    • Reply to Camfield et al. “Aspartame and seizures” (letter)
    • B.A. Shaywitz E.J. Novotny Jr. Reply to Camfield et al. “Aspartame and seizures” (letter) Neurology 43 1993 630
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 630
    • Shaywitz, B.A.1    Novotny, E.J.2
  • 352
    • 0028953234 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to aspartame and seizure susceptibility
    • E.F. Sperber S.L. Moshe D.L. Dow-Edwards Prenatal exposure to aspartame and seizure susceptibility J. Epilepsy 8 1995 51 56
    • (1995) J. Epilepsy , vol.8 , pp. 51-56
    • Sperber, E.F.1    Moshe, S.L.2    Dow-Edwards, D.L.3
  • 354
    • 85120096322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suomi, S. J.1984. Effects of aspartame on the learning test performance of young stumptail macaques. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 425–445. Dekker, New York.
  • 356
    • 0024205178 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U. S. Food and Drug Administration
    • L. Tollefson Monitoring adverse reactions to food additives in the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 1988 438 446
    • (1988) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.8 , pp. 438-446
    • Tollefson, L.1
  • 357
    • 0027178584 scopus 로고
    • Multiple chemical sensitivity: Controlled scientific studies as proof of causation
    • L. Tollefson Multiple chemical sensitivity: Controlled scientific studies as proof of causation Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 18 1993 32 43
    • (1993) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.18 , pp. 32-43
    • Tollefson, L.1
  • 358
    • 0026691762 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of FDA passive surveillance reports of seizures associated with consumption of aspartame
    • L. Tollefson R.J. Barnard An analysis of FDA passive surveillance reports of seizures associated with consumption of aspartame J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 92 1992 598 601
    • (1992) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.92 , pp. 598-601
    • Tollefson, L.1    Barnard, R.J.2
  • 359
    • 0028299617 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine)
    • F. Trefz L. de Sonneville P. Matthis C. Benninger B. Lanz-Englert H. Bickel Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine) Hum. Genet. 93 1994 369 374
    • (1994) Hum. Genet. , vol.93 , pp. 369-374
    • Trefz, F.1    de Sonneville, L.2    Matthis, P.3    Benninger, C.4    Lanz-Englert, B.5    Bickel, H.6
  • 360
    • 0016649608 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on seizure severity in mice
    • T.C. Truscott Effects of phenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on seizure severity in mice Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 3 1975 939 941
    • (1975) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.3 , pp. 939-941
    • Truscott, T.C.1
  • 361
    • 0022640228 scopus 로고
    • Seizure and mania after high intake of aspartame
    • R.G. Walton Seizure and mania after high intake of aspartame Psychosomatics 27 1986 218, 220
    • (1986) Psychosomatics , vol.27
    • Walton, R.G.1
  • 362
    • 0022376446 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Possible effect on seizure susceptibility (letter)
    • R.J. Wurtman Aspartame: Possible effect on seizure susceptibility (letter) Lancet 2 1985 1060
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1060
    • Wurtman, R.J.1
  • 363
    • 0024421434 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and phenylalanine do not enhance theophylline-induced seizure in rats
    • J. Zhi G. Levy Aspartame and phenylalanine do not enhance theophylline-induced seizure in rats Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 66 1989 171 174
    • (1989) Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , vol.66 , pp. 171-174
    • Zhi, J.1    Levy, G.2
  • 365
    • 85120134317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • de Sonneville, L. M. J.1999. Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks: A computer-aided assessment program. In Cognitive Ergonomics, Clinical Assessment and Computer-Assisted Learning: Computers in PsychologyB. P. L. M. Den Brinker, P. J. Beek, A. N. Brand, S. J. Maarse, and L. J. M. Mulder, Eds., pp. 187–203. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands.
  • 367
    • 0022707452 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind challenge studies of behavioral and cognitive effects of sucrose-aspartame ingestion in normal children
    • H.B. Ferguson C. Stoddart J.G. Simeon Double-blind challenge studies of behavioral and cognitive effects of sucrose-aspartame ingestion in normal children Nutr. Rev. 44 1986 144 150
    • (1986) Nutr. Rev. , vol.44 , pp. 144-150
    • Ferguson, H.B.1    Stoddart, C.2    Simeon, J.G.3
  • 368
    • 0034604525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of aspartame on aggression and neurochemistry of rats
    • A.L. Goerss G.C. Wagner W.L. Hill Acute effects of aspartame on aggression and neurochemistry of rats Life Sci. 67 2000 1325 1329
    • (2000) Life Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1325-1329
    • Goerss, A.L.1    Wagner, G.C.2    Hill, W.L.3
  • 370
    • 0024592723 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral assessment of the toxicity of aspartame
    • M.D. Holder R. Yirmiya Behavioral assessment of the toxicity of aspartame Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 32 1989 17 26
    • (1989) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 17-26
    • Holder, M.D.1    Yirmiya, R.2
  • 371
    • 0028070886 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sugar ingestion expectancies on mother–child interactions
    • D.W. Hoover R. Milich Effects of sugar ingestion expectancies on mother–child interactions J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 22 1994 501 515
    • (1994) J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. , vol.22 , pp. 501-515
    • Hoover, D.W.1    Milich, R.2
  • 372
    • 0036028026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained attention and inhibition of cognitive interference in treated phenylketonuria: Associations with concurrent and lifetime phenylalanine concentrations
    • S.C.J. Huijbregts L.M.J. de Sonneville R. Licht F.J. van Spronsen P.H. Verkerk J.A. Sergeant Sustained attention and inhibition of cognitive interference in treated phenylketonuria: Associations with concurrent and lifetime phenylalanine concentrations Neuropsychologia 40 2002 7 15
    • (2002) Neuropsychologia , vol.40 , pp. 7-15
    • Huijbregts, S.C.J.1    de Sonneville, L.M.J.2    Licht, R.3    van Spronsen, F.J.4    Verkerk, P.H.5    Sergeant, J.A.6
  • 374
    • 0033970891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety in mice following acute aspartame and ethanol exposure
    • C.J. LaBuda R.L. Hale Anxiety in mice following acute aspartame and ethanol exposure Alcohol 20 2000 69 74
    • (2000) Alcohol , vol.20 , pp. 69-74
    • LaBuda, C.J.1    Hale, R.L.2
  • 376
    • 85120092666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lieberman, H. R., Caballero, B., Emde, G. G., and Bernstein, J. G.1988. The effects of aspartame on human mood, performance, and plasma amino acid levels. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 196–200. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 378
    • 0023017236 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sugar ingestion on the classroom and playgroup behavior of attention deficit disordered boys
    • R. Milich W.E. Pelham Effects of sugar ingestion on the classroom and playgroup behavior of attention deficit disordered boys J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 54 1986 714 718
    • (1986) J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , vol.54 , pp. 714-718
    • Milich, R.1    Pelham, W.E.2
  • 379
    • 0025891969 scopus 로고
    • No change in spontaneous behavior of rats after acute oral doses of aspartame, phenylalanine, and tyrosine
    • P.J. Mullenix M.S. Tassinari A. Schunior W.J. Kernan No change in spontaneous behavior of rats after acute oral doses of aspartame, phenylalanine, and tyrosine Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 16 1991 495 505
    • (1991) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 495-505
    • Mullenix, P.J.1    Tassinari, M.S.2    Schunior, A.3    Kernan, W.J.4
  • 380
    • 0025157247 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame- or sugar-sweetened beverages: Effects on mood in young women
    • E.E.A. Pivonka K.K. Grunewald Aspartame- or sugar-sweetened beverages: Effects on mood in young women J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 90 1990 250 254
    • (1990) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.90 , pp. 250-254
    • Pivonka, E.E.A.1    Grunewald, K.K.2
  • 382
    • 0023126005 scopus 로고
    • Phenylalanine and aspartame fail to alter feeding behavior, mood and arousal in men
    • M. Ryan-Harshman L.A. Leiter G.H. Anderson Phenylalanine and aspartame fail to alter feeding behavior, mood and arousal in men Physiol. Behav. 39 1987 247 253
    • (1987) Physiol. Behav. , vol.39 , pp. 247-253
    • Ryan-Harshman, M.1    Leiter, L.A.2    Anderson, G.H.3
  • 385
    • 85120093421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schomer, D. L., Spiers, P., and Sabounjian, L. A.1996. Evaluation of behavior, cognition, mood, and electroencephalograms in normal adults and potentially vulnerable populations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 217–233. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 388
    • 85120135040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiers, P., Schomer, D., Sabounjian, L., Lieberman, H., Wurtman, R., Duguid, J., McCarten, R., and Lyden, M.1988. Aspartame and human behavior: congnitive and behavioral observations. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 169–178. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 390
    • 0025826053 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute aspartame and acute alcohol ingestion upon the cognitive performance of pilots
    • A.F. Stokes A. Belger M.T. Banich H. Taylor Effects of acute aspartame and acute alcohol ingestion upon the cognitive performance of pilots Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 62 1991 648 653
    • (1991) Aviat. Space Environ. Med. , vol.62 , pp. 648-653
    • Stokes, A.F.1    Belger, A.2    Banich, M.T.3    Taylor, H.4
  • 391
    • 0028009582 scopus 로고
    • Effects of alcohol and chronic aspartame ingestion upon performance in aviation relevant cognitive tasks
    • A.F. Stokes A. Belger M.T. Banich E. Bernadine Effects of alcohol and chronic aspartame ingestion upon performance in aviation relevant cognitive tasks Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 65 1994 7 15
    • (1994) Aviat. Space Environ. Med. , vol.65 , pp. 7-15
    • Stokes, A.F.1    Belger, A.2    Banich, M.T.3    Bernadine, E.4
  • 392
    • 85120139675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suomi, S. J.1984. Effects of aspartame on the learning test performance of young stumptail macaques. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 425–445. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 393
    • 0026008179 scopus 로고
    • High doses of aspartame have no effects on sensorimotor function or learning and memory in rats
    • H.A. Tilson J.S. Hong T.J. Sobotka High doses of aspartame have no effects on sensorimotor function or learning and memory in rats Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13 1991 27 35
    • (1991) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.13 , pp. 27-35
    • Tilson, H.A.1    Hong, J.S.2    Sobotka, T.J.3
  • 394
    • 0028299617 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine)
    • F. Trefz L. de Sonneville P. Matthis C. Benninger B. Lanz-Englert H. Bickel Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine) Hum. Genet. 93 1994 369 374
    • (1994) Hum. Genet. , vol.93 , pp. 369-374
    • Trefz, F.1    de Sonneville, L.2    Matthis, P.3    Benninger, C.4    Lanz-Englert, B.5    Bickel, H.6
  • 395
    • 0026005177 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children
    • E.H. Wender M.V. Solanto Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children Pediatrics 88 1991 960 966
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.88 , pp. 960-966
    • Wender, E.H.1    Solanto, M.V.2
  • 396
    • 0022351880 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sucrose ingestion on the behavior of hyperactive boys
    • M. Wolraich R. Milich P. Stumbo F. Schultz Effects of sucrose ingestion on the behavior of hyperactive boys J. Pediatr. 106 1985 675 682
    • (1985) J. Pediatr. , vol.106 , pp. 675-682
    • Wolraich, M.1    Milich, R.2    Stumbo, P.3    Schultz, F.4
  • 400
    • 85120096492 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use 1984 CDC Atlanta
    • (1984)
  • 401
    • 0025821964 scopus 로고
    • A combined single-blind, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the reproducibility of hypersensitivity reactions to aspartame
    • M.M. Garriga C. Berkebile D.D. Metcalfe A combined single-blind, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the reproducibility of hypersensitivity reactions to aspartame J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 87 1991 821 827
    • (1991) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.87 , pp. 821-827
    • Garriga, M.M.1    Berkebile, C.2    Metcalfe, D.D.3
  • 402
    • 0026814113 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-induced lobular panniculitis (letter)
    • R.S. Geha Aspartame-induced lobular panniculitis (letter) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 26 1992 277 278
    • (1992) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.26 , pp. 277-278
    • Geha, R.S.1
  • 403
    • 0027372922 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame is no more likely than placebo to cause urticaria/angioedema: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • R. Geha C.E. Buckley P. Greenberger R. Patterson S. Polmar A. Saxon A. Rohr W. Yang M. Drouin Aspartame is no more likely than placebo to cause urticaria/angioedema: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 92 1993 513 520
    • (1993) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.92 , pp. 513-520
    • Geha, R.1    Buckley, C.E.2    Greenberger, P.3    Patterson, R.4    Polmar, S.5    Saxon, A.6    Rohr, A.7    Yang, W.8    Drouin, M.9
  • 404
    • 0022639682 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-induced urticaria
    • A. Kulczycki Jr. Aspartame-induced urticaria Ann. Intern. Med. 104 1986 207 208
    • (1986) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.104 , pp. 207-208
    • Kulczycki, A.1
  • 405
    • 0028890375 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-induced hives (letter)
    • A. Kulczycki Jr. Aspartame-induced hives (letter) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 95 1995 639 640
    • (1995) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , vol.95 , pp. 639-640
    • Kulczycki, A.1
  • 407
    • 0021981330 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-induced granulomatous panniculitis
    • N.L. Novick Aspartame-induced granulomatous panniculitis Ann. Intern. Med. 102 1985 206 207
    • (1985) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.102 , pp. 206-207
    • Novick, N.L.1
  • 410
    • 85120113134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Information for Consumers 1997
    • (1997)
  • 411
    • 0021811839 scopus 로고
    • Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD&C Blue No. 2 in rats
    • J.F. Borzelleca G.K. Hogan A. Koestner Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD&C Blue No. 2 in rats Food Chem. Toxicol. 23 1985 551 558
    • (1985) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 551-558
    • Borzelleca, J.F.1    Hogan, G.K.2    Koestner, A.3
  • 412
    • 0025132045 scopus 로고
    • Is the increased incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in the elderly real?
    • P. Boyle P. Maisonneuve R. Saracci C.S. Muir Is the increased incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in the elderly real? J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82 1990 1594 1596
    • (1990) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.82 , pp. 1594-1596
    • Boyle, P.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Saracci, R.3    Muir, C.S.4
  • 413
    • 85120126620 scopus 로고
    • Reply to H. J. Roberts “Does aspartame cause human brain cancer” (letter)
    • H. Butchko Reply to H. J. Roberts “Does aspartame cause human brain cancer” (letter) J. Adv. Med. 5 1992 257 259
    • (1992) J. Adv. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 257-259
    • Butchko, H.1
  • 414
  • 415
    • 85120102947 scopus 로고
    • A kinetic model for the formation of gastric N-nitroso compounds
    • B.C. Challis S.J. Lomas H.S. Rzepa A kinetic model for the formation of gastric N-nitroso compounds Acta Cien. Compost. 19 1982 267 282
    • (1982) Acta Cien. Compost. , vol.19 , pp. 267-282
    • Challis, B.C.1    Lomas, S.J.2    Rzepa, H.S.3
  • 416
    • 85120097201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cornell, R. G., Wolfe, R. A., and Sanders, P. G.1984. Aspartame and brain tumors: Statistical issues. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 459–479. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 418
    • 0025821806 scopus 로고
    • Is brain cancer mortality increasing in industrial countries?
    • D.L. Davis A. Ahlbom D. Hoel C. Percy Is brain cancer mortality increasing in industrial countries? Am. J. Ind. Med. 19 1991 421 431
    • (1991) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 421-431
    • Davis, D.L.1    Ahlbom, A.2    Hoel, D.3    Percy, C.4
  • 419
    • 85120140766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1996 Annual Report of the Committees on Toxicity, Mutagenicity, and Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment 1998 Department of Health p. 56–57
    • (1998)
  • 420
    • 85120093589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee for Food: Minutes of the 107th meeting of the Scientific Committee for Food, June 12–13, 1997 1997 p. 9–10
    • (1997)
  • 421
    • 0030641204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter)
    • W.G. Flamm Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56 1997 105 106
    • (1997) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.56 , pp. 105-106
    • Flamm, W.G.1
  • 422
    • 0344988510 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 46 1981 38285 38308
    • (1981) Fed. Regist. , vol.46 , pp. 38285-38308
  • 423
    • 0842263443 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 48 1983 31376 31382
    • (1983) Fed. Regist. , vol.48 , pp. 31376-31382
  • 424
    • 0008058142 scopus 로고
    • Fed. Regist. 49 1984 6672 6682
    • (1984) Fed. Regist. , vol.49 , pp. 6672-6682
  • 426
    • 85120110392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration, 1996, FDA Statement on Aspartame , FDA Talk Paper, November 18, 1996.
  • 427
    • 85120121306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JFSSG. 1999
    • (1999) JFSSG.
  • 428
    • 0025183905 scopus 로고
    • Increasing annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in elderly
    • N.H. Greig L.G. Ries R. Yancik S.I. Rapoport Increasing annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in elderly J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82 1990 1621 1624
    • (1990) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.82 , pp. 1621-1624
    • Greig, N.H.1    Ries, L.G.2    Yancik, R.3    Rapoport, S.I.4
  • 429
    • 0030836697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame consumption in relation to childhood brain tumor risk: Results from a case-control study
    • J.G. Gurney J.M. Pogoda E.A. Holly S.S. Hecht S. Preston-Martin Aspartame consumption in relation to childhood brain tumor risk: Results from a case-control study J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89 1997 1072 1074
    • (1997) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.89 , pp. 1072-1074
    • Gurney, J.G.1    Pogoda, J.M.2    Holly, E.A.3    Hecht, S.S.4    Preston-Martin, S.5
  • 430
    • 85120097435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hardell, L, Nasman, A, Pahlson, A, and, Hallquist, A. 2000, Case-control study on radiology work, medical x-ray investigations, and use of cellular telephones as risk factors for brain tumors, Medscape Gen. Med. May 4, 2000.
  • 431
    • 85120099525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Welfare Canada, 1981, Aspartame , Information Letter No. 602, Health Protection Branch, Ottawa.
  • 432
    • 0019460728 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of brain tumors in rats fed aspartame
    • H. Ishii Incidence of brain tumors in rats fed aspartame Toxicol. Lett. 7 1981 433 437
    • (1981) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 433-437
    • Ishii, H.1
  • 433
    • 85120111784 scopus 로고
    • WHO Food Additive Series No. 15 1980 JECFA Geneva p. 18–86
    • (1980)
  • 434
    • 85120113900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Koestner, A. 1980, Prepared Statement: Aspartame Public Board of Inquiry , February 1, 1980, FDA Docket No. 75F-0355.
  • 435
    • 85120097254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Koestner, A.1984. Aspartame and brain tumors: Pathology issues. In Aspartame: Physiology and BiochemistryL. D. Stegink and L. J. Filer, Jr., Eds., pp. 447–457. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • 436
    • 0030639502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter)
    • A. Koestner Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56 1997 107 109
    • (1997) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.56 , pp. 107-109
    • Koestner, A.1
  • 437
    • 85120123583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kotsonis, F. N., and Hjelle, J. J.1996. The safety assessment of aspartame: Scientific and regulatory considerations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 23–41. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 438
    • 0026651257 scopus 로고
    • Trends of cancer mortality in Europe, 1955–1989. IV. Urinary tract, eye, brain and nerves, and thyroid
    • C. La Vecchia F. Lucchini E. Negri P. Boyle P. Maisonneuve F. Levi Trends of cancer mortality in Europe, 1955–1989. IV. Urinary tract, eye, brain and nerves, and thyroid Eur. J. Cancer. 28A 1992 1210 1281
    • (1992) Eur. J. Cancer. , vol.28A , pp. 1210-1281
    • La Vecchia, C.1    Lucchini, F.2    Negri, E.3    Boyle, P.4    Maisonneuve, P.5    Levi, F.6
  • 440
    • 85120134686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter)
    • P.S. Levy D. Hedeker Reply to Olney et al. “Increasing brain tumor rates: Is there a link to aspartame?” (letter) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 55 1996 1280
    • (1996) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.55 , pp. 1280
    • Levy, P.S.1    Hedeker, D.2
  • 441
    • 0033575114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer surveillance series: Recent trends in childhood cancer incidence and mortality in the United States
    • M.S. Linet L.A.G. Ries M.A. Smith R.E. Tarone S.S. Devesa Cancer surveillance series: Recent trends in childhood cancer incidence and mortality in the United States J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91 1999 1051 1058
    • (1999) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.91 , pp. 1051-1058
    • Linet, M.S.1    Ries, L.A.G.2    Smith, M.A.3    Tarone, R.E.4    Devesa, S.S.5
  • 442
    • 0025604876 scopus 로고
    • Experts clash over cancer data
    • E. Marshall Experts clash over cancer data Science 250 1990 900 902
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 900-902
    • Marshall, E.1
  • 443
    • 0025266025 scopus 로고
    • Nitrosation of aspartic acid, aspartame, and glycine ethylester: Alkylation of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) in vitro and binding to DNA in the rat
    • I. Meier S.E. Shephard W.K. Lutz Nitrosation of aspartic acid, aspartame, and glycine ethylester: Alkylation of 4-( p -nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) in vitro and binding to DNA in the rat Mutat. Res. 238 1990 193 201
    • (1990) Mutat. Res. , vol.238 , pp. 193-201
    • Meier, I.1    Shephard, S.E.2    Lutz, W.K.3
  • 444
    • 85120098590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries, and Food (MAFF), 1982, Food Additives and Contaminants Committee Report on the Review of Sweeteners in Food , FAC/REP/34:HMSO, 1982, Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, United Kingdom.
  • 445
    • 0026758690 scopus 로고
    • Increased mortality from brain tumors: A combined outcome of diagnostic technology and change of attitude toward the elderly
    • B. Modan D.K. Wagener J.J. Feldman H.M. Rosenberg M. Feinleib Increased mortality from brain tumors: A combined outcome of diagnostic technology and change of attitude toward the elderly Am. J. Epidemiol. 135 1992 1349 1357
    • (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.135 , pp. 1349-1357
    • Modan, B.1    Wagener, D.K.2    Feldman, J.J.3    Rosenberg, H.M.4    Feinleib, M.5
  • 446
    • 0028111850 scopus 로고
    • Brain and other nervous system tumours
    • C.S. Muir H.H. Storm A. Polednak Brain and other nervous system tumours Cancer Surv. 19/20 1994 369 392
    • (1994) Cancer Surv. , vol.19/20 , pp. 369-392
    • Muir, C.S.1    Storm, H.H.2    Polednak, A.3
  • 447
    • 85120142332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute (NCI), 1997, Cancer Facts. Artificial Sweeteners , http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/pdfdraft/3_risk/fs3_19.pdf .
  • 448
    • 85120125254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute (NCI), 1999, SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1996 .
  • 449
    • 85120134363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nauta, W. J. H. 1981, Letter to FDA Commissioner Hayes, August 6, 1981.
  • 451
    • 0039522124 scopus 로고
    • Does aspartame cause human brain cancer?
    • H.J. Roberts Does aspartame cause human brain cancer? J. Adv. Med. 4 1991 231 241
    • (1991) J. Adv. Med. , vol.4 , pp. 231-241
    • Roberts, H.J.1
  • 452
    • 0030666561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain tumors and artificial sweeteners? A lesson on not getting soured on epidemiology
    • J.A. Ross Brain tumors and artificial sweeteners? A lesson on not getting soured on epidemiology Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 30 1998 7 8
    • (1998) Med. Pediatr. Oncol. , vol.30 , pp. 7-8
    • Ross, J.A.1
  • 454
    • 0024790212 scopus 로고
    • Nitrosation of dietary precursors
    • S.E. Shephard W.K. Lutz Nitrosation of dietary precursors Cancer Surv. 8 1989 401 421
    • (1989) Cancer Surv. , vol.8 , pp. 401-421
    • Shephard, S.E.1    Lutz, W.K.2
  • 455
    • 85120137145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shephard, S. E., Meier, I., and Lutz, W.1991. Alkylating potency of nitrosated amino acids and peptides. In Relevance to Human Cancer of n-Nitroso Compounds, Tobacco Smoke, and MycotoxinsI. K. O'Neill, J. Chen, and H. Bartsch, Eds., pp. 383–387. IARC, Lyon, France.
  • 456
    • 0027322835 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenic activity of peptides and the artificial sweetener aspartame after nitrosation
    • S.E. Shephard K. Wakabayashi M. Nagao Mutagenic activity of peptides and the artificial sweetener aspartame after nitrosation Food Chem. Toxicol. 31 1993 323 329
    • (1993) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.31 , pp. 323-329
    • Shephard, S.E.1    Wakabayashi, K.2    Nagao, M.3
  • 457
    • 0032475398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in reported incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in children in the United States
    • M.A. Smith B. Freidlin L.A. Gloeckler Ries R. Simon Trends in reported incidence of primary malignant brain tumors in children in the United States J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90 1998 1269 1277
    • (1998) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.90 , pp. 1269-1277
    • Smith, M.A.1    Freidlin, B.2    Gloeckler Ries, L.A.3    Simon, R.4
  • 458
    • 0022634337 scopus 로고
    • Brain tumors—Problems and perspectives
    • J.A. Swenberg Brain tumors—Problems and perspectives Food Chem. Toxicol. 24 1986 155 158
    • (1986) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.24 , pp. 155-158
    • Swenberg, J.A.1
  • 459
    • 85120095788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. General Accounting Office, 1987, Food Additive Approval Process Followed for Aspartame , Food and Drug Administration.
  • 460
    • 16744366268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial sweeteners—Is there a carcinogenic risk?
    • M.R. Weihrauch V. Diehl H. Bohlen Artificial sweeteners—Is there a carcinogenic risk? Medizinische Klinik. 96 2001 670 675
    • (2001) Medizinische Klinik. , vol.96 , pp. 670-675
    • Weihrauch, M.R.1    Diehl, V.2    Bohlen, H.3
  • 461
    • 0028809782 scopus 로고
    • The increasing incidence of malignant gliomas and primary central nervous system lymphoma in the elderly
    • M.H. Werner S. Phuphanich G.H. Lyman The increasing incidence of malignant gliomas and primary central nervous system lymphoma in the elderly Cancer 76 1995 1634 1642
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.76 , pp. 1634-1642
    • Werner, M.H.1    Phuphanich, S.2    Lyman, G.H.3
  • 462
    • 85120098752 scopus 로고
    • Reply to Walton et al. “Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population” (letter)
    • H.H. Butchko Reply to Walton et al. “Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population” (letter) Biol. Psychiatry 36 1994 206 207
    • (1994) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 206-207
    • Butchko, H.H.1
  • 463
    • 0025937690 scopus 로고
    • Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example
    • H.H. Butchko F.N. Kotsonis Acceptable daily intake vs actual intake: The aspartame example J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10 1991 258 266
    • (1991) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.10 , pp. 258-266
    • Butchko, H.H.1    Kotsonis, F.N.2
  • 464
    • 85120097773 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Consumer Complaints Related to Aspartame Use 1984 CDC Atlanta
    • (1984)
  • 465
    • 0028314617 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-protein meal plus aspartame ingestion on plasma phenylalanine concentrations in obligate heterozygotes for phenylketonuria
    • H. Curtius W. Endres N. Blau Effect of high-protein meal plus aspartame ingestion on plasma phenylalanine concentrations in obligate heterozygotes for phenylketonuria Metabolism 43 1994 413 416
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 413-416
    • Curtius, H.1    Endres, W.2    Blau, N.3
  • 466
    • 85120134821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • de Sonneville, L. M. J.1999. Amsterdam neuropsychological tasks: A computer-aided assessment program. In Cognitive Ergonomics, Clinical Assessment and Computer-Assisted Learning: Computers in PsychologyB. P. L. M. Den Brinker, P. J. Beek, A. N. Brand, S. J. Maarse, and L. J. M. Mulder, Eds., Vol. 6, pp. 187–203. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, The Netherlands.
  • 467
    • 85120110733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elsas, L. J., and Trotter, J. F.1988. Changes in physiological concentrations of blood phenylalanine produce changes in sensitive parameters of human brain function. In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain FunctionR. J. Wurtman and E. Ritter-Walker, Eds., pp. 187–195. Birkhauser, Boston.
  • 469
    • 0028429177 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological evaluation of movement disorders that are adverse reactions to specific foods
    • J.W. Gerrard J.S. Richardson J. Donat Neuropharmacological evaluation of movement disorders that are adverse reactions to specific foods Int. J. Neurosci. 76 1994 61 69
    • (1994) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.76 , pp. 61-69
    • Gerrard, J.W.1    Richardson, J.S.2    Donat, J.3
  • 470
    • 0026658529 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and dizziness: preliminary results of a prospective, nonblinded, prevalence and attempted cross-over study
    • A.J. Gulya R.B. Sessions T.R. Troost Aspartame and dizziness: preliminary results of a prospective, nonblinded, prevalence and attempted cross-over study Am. J. Otol. 13 1992 438 442
    • (1992) Am. J. Otol. , vol.13 , pp. 438-442
    • Gulya, A.J.1    Sessions, R.B.2    Troost, T.R.3
  • 472
  • 473
    • 0036028026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained attention and inhibition of cognitive interference in treated phenylketonuria: Associations with concurrent and lifetime phenylalanine concentrations
    • S.C.J. Huijbregts L.M.J. de Sonneville R. Licht F.J. van Spronsen P.H. Verkerk J.A. Sergeant Sustained attention and inhibition of cognitive interference in treated phenylketonuria: Associations with concurrent and lifetime phenylalanine concentrations Neuropsychologia 40 2002 7 15
    • (2002) Neuropsychologia , vol.40 , pp. 7-15
    • Huijbregts, S.C.J.1    de Sonneville, L.M.J.2    Licht, R.3    van Spronsen, F.J.4    Verkerk, P.H.5    Sergeant, J.A.6
  • 474
    • 0027413103 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame use in Parkinson's disease
    • P.J. Karstaedt J.H. Pincus Aspartame use in Parkinson's disease Neurology 43 1993 611 613
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 611-613
    • Karstaedt, P.J.1    Pincus, J.H.2
  • 477
    • 85120111896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schomer, D. L., Spiers, P., and Sabounjian, L. A.1996. Evaluation of behavior, cognition, mood, and electroencephalograms in normal adults and potentially vulnerable populations. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 217–233. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 478
    • 85120123378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scriver, C. R., and Kaufman, S.2001. Hyperphenylalaninemia: Phenylalanine hydroxylase. In The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited DiseaseC. R. Scriver, A. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, and D. Valle, Eds., eighth ed., Vol. II, pp. 667–1724. McGraw–Hill, New York.
  • 479
    • 85120119726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stegink, L. D., and Filer, L. J. Jr.1996. Effects of aspartame ingestion of plasma aspartate, phenylalanine, and methanol concentrations in potentially sensitive populations. In The Clinical Evaluation of A Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 87–113. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 480
    • 0018347209 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame loading upon plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in phenylketonuric heterozygotes and normal adult subjects
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker J.E. McDonnell Effect of aspartame loading upon plasma and erythrocyte amino acid levels in phenylketonuric heterozygotes and normal adult subjects J. Nutr. 109 1979 708 717
    • (1979) J. Nutr. , vol.109 , pp. 708-717
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    McDonnell, J.E.4
  • 481
    • 0019217035 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an abuse dose of aspartame upon plasma and erythrocyte levels of amino acids in phenylketonuric heterozygous and normal adults
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker J.E. McDonnell Effect of an abuse dose of aspartame upon plasma and erythrocyte levels of amino acids in phenylketonuric heterozygous and normal adults J. Nutr. 110 1980 2216 2224
    • (1980) J. Nutr. , vol.110 , pp. 2216-2224
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    McDonnell, J.E.4
  • 482
    • 0023607870 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.C. Wolf-Novak L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler W.L. Krause M.C. Brummel Aspartame-sweetened beverage: Effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria J. Nutr. 117 1987 1989 1995
    • (1987) J. Nutr. , vol.117 , pp. 1989-1995
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Wolf-Novak, L.C.2    Filer, L.J.3    Bell, E.F.4    Ziegler, E.E.5    Krause, W.L.6    Brummel, M.C.7
  • 483
    • 0024597185 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. G.L. Baker E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler M.C. Brummel W.L. Krause Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverage: effect on plasma amino acid concentrations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria Metabolism 38 1989 78 84
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 78-84
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Baker, G.L.3    Bell, E.F.4    Ziegler, E.E.5    Brummel, M.C.6    Krause, W.L.7
  • 484
    • 0025133228 scopus 로고
    • Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler T.R. Tephly W.L. Krause Repeated ingestion of aspartame-sweetened beverages: Further observations in individuals heterozygous for phenylketonuria Metabolism 39 1990 1076 1081
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 1076-1081
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Bell, E.F.3    Ziegler, E.E.4    Tephly, T.R.5    Krause, W.L.6
  • 485
    • 0025831612 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid ratios in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria ingesting a hamburger and milk shake meal
    • L.D. Stegink L.J. Filer Jr. M.C. Brummel G.L. Baker W.L. Krause E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler Plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid ratios in normal adults and adults heterozygous for phenylketonuria ingesting a hamburger and milk shake meal Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53 1991 670 675
    • (1991) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 670-675
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Filer, L.J.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Baker, G.L.4    Krause, W.L.5    Bell, E.F.6    Ziegler, E.E.7
  • 486
    • 0028299617 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine)
    • F. Trefz L. de Sonneville P. Matthis C. Benninger B. Lanz-Englert H. Bickel Neuropsychological and biochemical investigations in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria during ingestion of high dose aspartame (a sweetener containing phenylalanine) Hum. Genet. 93 1994 369 374
    • (1994) Hum. Genet. , vol.93 , pp. 369-374
    • Trefz, F.1    de Sonneville, L.2    Matthis, P.3    Benninger, C.4    Lanz-Englert, B.5    Bickel, H.6
  • 488
    • 0027327141 scopus 로고
    • Adverse reactions to aspartame: Double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population
    • R.G. Walton R. Hudak R.J. Green-Waite Adverse reactions to aspartame: Double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population Biol. Psychiatry 34 1993 13 17
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 13-17
    • Walton, R.G.1    Hudak, R.2    Green-Waite, R.J.3
  • 490
    • 0002713394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes Care 25 2002 S50 S60
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. S50-S60
  • 491
    • 0024515245 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame and its constituent amino acids: Effects on prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin, and glucose in normal humans
    • H.E. Carlson J.H. Shah Aspartame and its constituent amino acids: Effects on prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin, and glucose in normal humans Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49 1989 427 432
    • (1989) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.49 , pp. 427-432
    • Carlson, H.E.1    Shah, J.H.2
  • 492
    • 0024452674 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • S. Colagiuri J.J. Miller R.A. Edwards Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50 1989 474 478
    • (1989) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.50 , pp. 474-478
    • Colagiuri, S.1    Miller, J.J.2    Edwards, R.A.3
  • 493
    • 25744445698 scopus 로고
    • Effect of sweetener solutions on insulin secretion and blood glucose level
    • B. Härtel H.-J. Graubaum B. Schneider Effect of sweetener solutions on insulin secretion and blood glucose level Ernahrungs-Umschau 40 1993 152 155
    • (1993) Ernahrungs-Umschau , vol.40 , pp. 152-155
    • Härtel, B.1    Graubaum, H.-J.2    Schneider, B.3
  • 494
    • 0023892843 scopus 로고
    • Response to single dose of aspartame or saccharin by NIDDM patients
    • D.L. Horwitz M. McLane P. Kobe Response to single dose of aspartame or saccharin by NIDDM patients Diabetes Care 11 1988 230 234
    • (1988) Diabetes Care , vol.11 , pp. 230-234
    • Horwitz, D.L.1    McLane, M.2    Kobe, P.3
  • 496
    • 85071733958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on effect of large doses of aspartame on urinary calcium excretion (reply to Nguyen et al.)
    • A. Leon Comment on effect of large doses of aspartame on urinary calcium excretion (reply to Nguyen et al. ) J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 84 1999 383 384
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. , vol.84 , pp. 383-384
    • Leon, A.1
  • 497
  • 498
    • 0032786181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose and meal patterns in time-blinded males, after aspartame, carbohydrate, and fat consumption, in relation to sweetness perception
    • K.J. Melanson M.S. Westerterp-Plantenga L.A. Campfield W.H.M. Saris Blood glucose and meal patterns in time-blinded males, after aspartame, carbohydrate, and fat consumption, in relation to sweetness perception Br. J. Nutr. 82 1999 437 446
    • (1999) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.82 , pp. 437-446
    • Melanson, K.J.1    Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S.2    Campfield, L.A.3    Saris, W.H.M.4
  • 499
  • 500
    • 0025897513 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man
    • S.E. Møller Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man Pharmacol. Toxicol. 68 1991 408 412
    • (1991) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.68 , pp. 408-412
    • Møller, S.E.1
  • 502
    • 15144339403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspartame ingestion increases urinary calcium but not oxalate excretion in healthy subjects
    • U.N. Nguyen G. Dumoulin M. Henriet J. Regnard Aspartame ingestion increases urinary calcium but not oxalate excretion in healthy subjects J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 83 1998 165 168
    • (1998) J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. , vol.83 , pp. 165-168
    • Nguyen, U.N.1    Dumoulin, G.2    Henriet, M.3    Regnard, J.4
  • 504
    • 0030890015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioned insulin and blood sugar responses in humans in relation to binge eating
    • J. Overduin A. Jansen Conditioned insulin and blood sugar responses in humans in relation to binge eating Physiol. Behav. 61 1997 569 575
    • (1997) Physiol. Behav. , vol.61 , pp. 569-575
    • Overduin, J.1    Jansen, A.2
  • 505
    • 0024146974 scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: comparison of the effects of glucose and the three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake
    • P.J. Rogers J. Carlyle A.J. Hill J.E. Blundell Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: comparison of the effects of glucose and the three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake Physiol. Behav. 43 1988 547 552
    • (1988) Physiol. Behav. , vol.43 , pp. 547-552
    • Rogers, P.J.1    Carlyle, J.2    Hill, A.J.3    Blundell, J.E.4
  • 509
    • 85120110184 scopus 로고
    • Experience on the use of aspartame for a long period in diabetic patients
    • S. Tamura W. Inoue H. Kanashige H. Sakai Experience on the use of aspartame for a long period in diabetic patients Rinsho Eiyo (Clin. Nutr.) 64 1984 515 516
    • (1984) Rinsho Eiyo (Clin. Nutr.) , vol.64 , pp. 515-516
    • Tamura, S.1    Inoue, W.2    Kanashige, H.3    Sakai, H.4
  • 510
    • 0029049938 scopus 로고
    • Sweet taste: Effect on cephalic phase insulin release in men
    • K.L. Teff J. Devine K. Engelman Sweet taste: Effect on cephalic phase insulin release in men Physiol. Behav. 57 1995 1089 1095
    • (1995) Physiol. Behav. , vol.57 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Teff, K.L.1    Devine, J.2    Engelman, K.3
  • 512
    • 0025215805 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and insulin
    • L.C. Wolf-Novak L.D. Stegink M.C. Brummel T.J. Persoon L.J. Filer Jr. E.F. Bell E.E. Ziegler W.L. Krause Aspartame ingestion with and without carbohydrate in phenylketonuric and normal subjects: effect on plasma concentrations of amino acids, glucose, and insulin Metabolism 39 1990 391 396
    • (1990) Metabolism , vol.39 , pp. 391-396
    • Wolf-Novak, L.C.1    Stegink, L.D.2    Brummel, M.C.3    Persoon, T.J.4    Filer, L.J.5    Bell, E.F.6    Ziegler, E.E.7    Krause, W.L.8
  • 513
    • 0030881146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and hormonal responses during repeated bouts of brief and intense exercise: Effects of pre-exercise glucose ingestion
    • D. Wouassi J. Mercier S. Ahmaidi J.F. Brun B. Mercier A. Orsetti C. Préfaut Metabolic and hormonal responses during repeated bouts of brief and intense exercise: Effects of pre-exercise glucose ingestion Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 76 1997 197 202
    • (1997) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.76 , pp. 197-202
    • Wouassi, D.1    Mercier, J.2    Ahmaidi, S.3    Brun, J.F.4    Mercier, B.5    Orsetti, A.6    Préfaut, C.7
  • 514
    • 0024387128 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame: Effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children
    • G.H. Anderson S. Saravis R. Schacher S. Zlotkin L.A. Leiter Aspartame: Effect on lunch-time food intake, appetite and hedonic response in children Appetite 13 1989 93 103
    • (1989) Appetite , vol.13 , pp. 93-103
    • Anderson, G.H.1    Saravis, S.2    Schacher, R.3    Zlotkin, S.4    Leiter, L.A.5
  • 516
    • 4243949954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sucrose in soft drinks is fattening: A randomized 10 week study in overweight subjects
    • A. Astrup A. Raben T.H. Vasilaras A.C. Møller Sucrose in soft drinks is fattening: A randomized 10 week study in overweight subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75 2002 405S
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.75 , pp. 405S
    • Astrup, A.1    Raben, A.2    Vasilaras, T.H.3    Møller, A.C.4
  • 517
    • 0025990824 scopus 로고
    • Government should strengthen regulation in the weight loss industry
    • C.E. Begley Government should strengthen regulation in the weight loss industry J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 91 1991 1255 1257
    • (1991) J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , vol.91 , pp. 1255-1257
    • Begley, C.E.1
  • 518
    • 0024509849 scopus 로고
    • Children's food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: Time course effects
    • L.L. Birch L. McPhee S. Sullivan Children's food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: Time course effects Physiol. Behav. 45 1989 387 395
    • (1989) Physiol. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 387-395
    • Birch, L.L.1    McPhee, L.2    Sullivan, S.3
  • 519
    • 0025811225 scopus 로고
    • Soft drinks with aspartame: Effect on subjective hunger, food selection, and food intake of young adult males
    • R.M. Black P. Tanaka L.A. Leiter G.H. Anderson Soft drinks with aspartame: Effect on subjective hunger, food selection, and food intake of young adult males Physiol. Behav. 49 1991 803 810
    • (1991) Physiol. Behav. , vol.49 , pp. 803-810
    • Black, R.M.1    Tanaka, P.2    Leiter, L.A.3    Anderson, G.H.4
  • 520
    • 0027528963 scopus 로고
    • Consuming aspartame with and without taste: Differential effects on appetite and food intake of young adult males
    • R.M. Black L.A. Leiter G.H. Anderson Consuming aspartame with and without taste: Differential effects on appetite and food intake of young adult males Physiol. Behav. 53 1993 459 466
    • (1993) Physiol. Behav. , vol.53 , pp. 459-466
    • Black, R.M.1    Leiter, L.A.2    Anderson, G.H.3
  • 521
    • 0023616196 scopus 로고
    • Medical evaluation and treatment of the obese patient with cardiovascular disease
    • G.L. Blackburn B.S. Kanders Medical evaluation and treatment of the obese patient with cardiovascular disease Am. J. Cardiol. 60 1987 55G 58G
    • (1987) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.60 , pp. 55G-58G
    • Blackburn, G.L.1    Kanders, B.S.2
  • 522
    • 0030966388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight
    • G.L. Blackburn B.S. Kanders P.T. Lavin S.D. Keller J. Whatley The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65 1997 409 418
    • (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.65 , pp. 409-418
    • Blackburn, G.L.1    Kanders, B.S.2    Lavin, P.T.3    Keller, S.D.4    Whatley, J.5
  • 523
    • 85120128003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blackburn, G. L.1999. Sweeteners and weight control. In Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Present and FutureA. Corti, Ed., pp. 77–87. Karger, Basel.
  • 524
    • 0034971786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The public health implications of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension trial
    • G.L. Blackburn The public health implications of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension trial Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74 2001 1 2
    • (2001) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.74 , pp. 1-2
    • Blackburn, G.L.1
  • 525
    • 0022626574 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical effects of an intense sweetener (aspartame) on appetite
    • J.E. Blundell A.J. Hill Paradoxical effects of an intense sweetener (aspartame) on appetite Lancet 1 1986 1092 1093
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1092-1093
    • Blundell, J.E.1    Hill, A.J.2
  • 526
    • 85120102177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blundell, J. E., and Hill, A. J.1987. Artificial sweeteners and the control of appetite. In Implications for the Eating Disorders in Future of Predictive Safety EvaluationA. N. Worden, D. V. Parke, and J. Marks, Eds., pp. 263–281. MTP Press, Boston.
  • 527
    • 0025728182 scopus 로고
    • Effects of consumption of caloric vs noncaloric sweet drinks on indices of hunger and food consumption in normal adults
    • D.J. Canty M.M. Chan Effects of consumption of caloric vs noncaloric sweet drinks on indices of hunger and food consumption in normal adults Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53 1991 1159 1164
    • (1991) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 1159-1164
    • Canty, D.J.1    Chan, M.M.2
  • 528
    • 0028951497 scopus 로고
    • Intense sweeteners and the control of appetite
    • A. Drewnowski Intense sweeteners and the control of appetite Nutr. Rev. 53 1995 1 7
    • (1995) Nutr. Rev. , vol.53 , pp. 1-7
    • Drewnowski, A.1
  • 529
    • 0028089333 scopus 로고
    • Comparing the effects of aspartame and sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in humans
    • A. Drewnowski C. Massien J. Louis-Sylvestre J. Fricker D. Chapelot M. Apfelbaum Comparing the effects of aspartame and sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in humans Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59 1994 338 345
    • (1994) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.59 , pp. 338-345
    • Drewnowski, A.1    Massien, C.2    Louis-Sylvestre, J.3    Fricker, J.4    Chapelot, D.5    Apfelbaum, M.6
  • 530
    • 0028023775 scopus 로고
    • The effects of aspartame versus sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in obese and lean women
    • A. Drewnowski C. Massien J. Louis-Sylvestre J. Fricker D. Chapelot M. Apfelbaum The effects of aspartame versus sucrose on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy intakes in obese and lean women Int. J. Obesity 18 1994 570 578
    • (1994) Int. J. Obesity , vol.18 , pp. 570-578
    • Drewnowski, A.1    Massien, C.2    Louis-Sylvestre, J.3    Fricker, J.4    Chapelot, D.5    Apfelbaum, M.6
  • 531
    • 85120098963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hoffman, R. 1972, Short Term Tolerance of Aspartame by Obese Adults , research report submitted by, G. D. Searle, and Co. to the Food and Drug Administration (E-24).
  • 532
    • 85120096408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hoffman, R. 1973, Long Term Tolerance of Aspartame by Obese Adults , research report submitted by, G. D. Searle, and Co. to the Food and Drug Administration (E-64).
  • 533
    • 0027434878 scopus 로고
    • Who in America is trying to lose weight?
    • J. Horm K. Anderson Who in America is trying to lose weight? Ann. Intern. Med. 119 1993 672 676
    • (1993) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.119 , pp. 672-676
    • Horm, J.1    Anderson, K.2
  • 535
    • 85120116139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kanders, B. S., and Blackburn, G. L.1992. Reducing primary risk factors by therapeutic weight loss. In The Treatment of the Seriously Obese PatientT. A. Wadden and T. B. Van Itallie, Eds., pp. 213–230. Guilford, New York.
  • 536
    • 85120102873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kanders, B. S., Blackburn, G. L., Lavin, P. T., and Kienholz, M.1996. Evaluation of weight control. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 289–299. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 539
    • 0017058897 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame in young persons during weight reduction
    • R.H. Knopp K. Brandt R.A. Arky Effects of aspartame in young persons during weight reduction J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 2 1976 417 428
    • (1976) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.2 , pp. 417-428
    • Knopp, R.H.1    Brandt, K.2    Arky, R.A.3
  • 540
    • 0028158307 scopus 로고
    • Intense sweeteners use and weight change among women: A critique of the Stellman and Garfinkel study
    • P.T. Lavin P.G. Sanders M.A. Mackey F.N. Kotsonis Intense sweeteners use and weight change among women: A critique of the Stellman and Garfinkel study J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 13 1994 102 105
    • (1994) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.13 , pp. 102-105
    • Lavin, P.T.1    Sanders, P.G.2    Mackey, M.A.3    Kotsonis, F.N.4
  • 541
    • 0025366823 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aspartame and sucrose on hunger and energy intake in humans
    • R. Mattes Effects of aspartame and sucrose on hunger and energy intake in humans Physiol. Behav. 47 1990 1037 1044
    • (1990) Physiol. Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Mattes, R.1
  • 542
    • 0021738429 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of food intake in human obesity: Studies with caloric dilution and exercise
    • K.P. Porikos F.X. Pi-Sunyer Regulation of food intake in human obesity: Studies with caloric dilution and exercise Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 13 1984 547 561
    • (1984) Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 547-561
    • Porikos, K.P.1    Pi-Sunyer, F.X.2
  • 543
    • 0017693447 scopus 로고
    • Effect of covert nutritive dilution on the spontaneous intake of obese individuals: A pilot study
    • K.P. Porikos G. Booth T.B. Van Itallie Effect of covert nutritive dilution on the spontaneous intake of obese individuals: A pilot study Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 30 1977 1638 1644
    • (1977) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.30 , pp. 1638-1644
    • Porikos, K.P.1    Booth, G.2    Van Itallie, T.B.3
  • 544
    • 0020398552 scopus 로고
    • Caloric regulation in normal weight men maintained on a palatable diet of conventional foods
    • K.P. Porikos M.F. Hesser T.B. Van Itallie Caloric regulation in normal weight men maintained on a palatable diet of conventional foods Physiol. Behav. 29 1982 293 300
    • (1982) Physiol. Behav. , vol.29 , pp. 293-300
    • Porikos, K.P.1    Hesser, M.F.2    Van Itallie, T.B.3
  • 545
    • 0028366558 scopus 로고
    • Intense sweeteners, food intake, and the weight of a body of evidence
    • A.G. Renwick Intense sweeteners, food intake, and the weight of a body of evidence Physiol. Behav. 55 1994 139 143
    • (1994) Physiol. Behav. , vol.55 , pp. 139-143
    • Renwick, A.G.1
  • 547
    • 0025367222 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of fructose, aspartame, glucose, and water preloads on calorie and macronutrient intake
    • J. Rodin Comparative effects of fructose, aspartame, glucose, and water preloads on calorie and macronutrient intake Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51 1990 428 435
    • (1990) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.51 , pp. 428-435
    • Rodin, J.1
  • 548
    • 0024146974 scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: Comparison of the effects of glucose and three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake
    • P.J. Rogers J. Carlyle A.J. Hill J.E. Blundell Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: Comparison of the effects of glucose and three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake Physiol. Behav. 43 1988 547 552
    • (1988) Physiol. Behav. , vol.43 , pp. 547-552
    • Rogers, P.J.1    Carlyle, J.2    Hill, A.J.3    Blundell, J.E.4
  • 549
    • 0025280379 scopus 로고
    • Aspartame ingested without tasting inhibits hunger and food intake
    • P.J. Rogers H.C. Fleming J.E. Blundell Aspartame ingested without tasting inhibits hunger and food intake Physiol. Behav. 47 1990 1239 1243
    • (1990) Physiol. Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Rogers, P.J.1    Fleming, H.C.2    Blundell, J.E.3
  • 550
    • 0025898766 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: A review
    • B.J. Rolls Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: A review Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53 1991 872 878
    • (1991) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.53 , pp. 872-878
    • Rolls, B.J.1
  • 551
    • 85120133340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rolls, B. J., and Shide, D. J.1996. Evaluation of hunger, food intake, and body weight. In The Clinical Evaluation of a Food Additive: Assessment of AspartameC. Tschanz, H. H. Butchko, W. W. Stargel, and F. N. Kotsonis, Eds., pp. 275–287. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • 552
    • 0025073032 scopus 로고
    • Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men
    • B.J. Rolls S. Kim I.C. Fedoroff Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men Physiol. Behav. 48 1990 19 26
    • (1990) Physiol. Behav. , vol.48 , pp. 19-26
    • Rolls, B.J.1    Kim, S.2    Fedoroff, I.C.3
  • 553
    • 0024746025 scopus 로고
    • Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods
    • B.J. Rolls L.J. Laster A. Summerfelt Hunger and food intake following consumption of low-calorie foods Appetite 13 1989 115 127
    • (1989) Appetite , vol.13 , pp. 115-127
    • Rolls, B.J.1    Laster, L.J.2    Summerfelt, A.3
  • 554
    • 0022612640 scopus 로고
    • Artificial sweetener use and one-year weight change among women
    • S.D. Stellman L. Garfinkel Artificial sweetener use and one-year weight change among women Prev. Med. 15 1986 195 202
    • (1986) Prev. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 195-202
    • Stellman, S.D.1    Garfinkel, L.2
  • 555
    • 0023709769 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of artificial sweetener use and weight change in an American Cancer Society prospective study
    • S.D. Stellman L. Garfinkel Patterns of artificial sweetener use and weight change in an American Cancer Society prospective study Appetite 11 1988 85 91
    • (1988) Appetite , vol.11 , pp. 85-91
    • Stellman, S.D.1    Garfinkel, L.2
  • 556
    • 0025337422 scopus 로고
    • Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight
    • M.G. Tordoff A.M. Alleva Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51 1990 963 969
    • (1990) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.51 , pp. 963-969
    • Tordoff, M.G.1    Alleva, A.M.2
  • 557
    • 85120107566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2001, The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, Rockville, MD. [Available from, U.S. GPO, Washington, DC, ]
  • 558
    • 0027482070 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction: Results of clinical research trials
    • T.A. Wadden Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction: Results of clinical research trials Ann. Intern. Med. 119 1993 688 693
    • (1993) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.119 , pp. 688-693
    • Wadden, T.A.1
  • 559
    • 0034661046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lunch eating behavior of preschool children: Effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served
    • J.F. Wilson Lunch eating behavior of preschool children: Effects of age, gender, and type of beverage served Physiol. Behav. 70 2000 27 33
    • (2000) Physiol. Behav. , vol.70 , pp. 27-33
    • Wilson, J.F.1
  • 560
    • 85120139935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO). 2000, Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic , WHO Obesity Technical Report Series 894, WHO, Geneva.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.