메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 159-179

When practices, promises, profits, and policies outpace hard evidence: The post-menopausal hormone debate

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN;

EID: 15844427067     PISSN: 00224537     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2005.00399.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0344276731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The menopausal woman
    • P. C. Leppert & F. M. Howard (Eds.), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers
    • Achilles, C., & Leppert P. C. (1997). The menopausal woman. In P. C. Leppert & F. M. Howard (Eds.), Primary care for women (pp. 97-102). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
    • (1997) Primary Care for Women , pp. 97-102
    • Achilles, C.1    Leppert, P.C.2
  • 2
    • 0015741425 scopus 로고
    • Age of menopause in medieval Europe
    • Amundsen, D. W., & Diers, C. J. (1973). Age of menopause in medieval Europe. Human Biology, 25, 605.
    • (1973) Human Biology , vol.25 , pp. 605
    • Amundsen, D.W.1    Diers, C.J.2
  • 3
    • 15844416631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone prescriptions drop after risks found in study
    • Associated Press. (January 6). Retreived January 29, 2004, from
    • Associated Press. (2004, January 6). Hormone prescriptions drop after risks found in study. The Wall Street Journal. Retreived January 29, 2004, from http://www.WSJ.com
    • (2004) The Wall Street Journal
  • 4
    • 0034822698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of hormone levels and depression among women transitioning through menopause
    • Avis, N. E., Crawford, S., Stellato, R., & Longcope, C. (2001). Longitudinal study of hormone levels and depression among women transitioning through menopause. Climacteric, 4, 243-249.
    • (2001) Climacteric , vol.4 , pp. 243-249
    • Avis, N.E.1    Crawford, S.2    Stellato, R.3    Longcope, C.4
  • 5
    • 0041708046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone-Replacement theraphy and cardiovascular diseases
    • Bailar, J. (2003). Hormone-Replacement theraphy and cardiovascular diseases. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349(6), 521-522.
    • (2003) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.349 , Issue.6 , pp. 521-522
    • Bailar, J.1
  • 6
    • 15844369152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novavax faces tough sales job on drug: Hormone-replacement concerns could sink Estrasorb even if FDA doesn't
    • (September 17). (final ed.). Retrieved April 24, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database
    • Barbaro, M. (2002, September 17). Novavax faces tough sales job on drug: Hormone-replacement concerns could sink Estrasorb even if FDA doesn't. The Washington Post (fina ed.). Retrieved April 24, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database.
    • (2002) The Washington Post
    • Barbaro, M.1
  • 8
    • 15844402439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good news about HRT - For inventors
    • (July 25). Retrieved October 13, 2003, from
    • Barrett, A. (2002, July 25). Good news about HRT-for inventors. Business Week. Retrieved October 13, 2003, from http:// www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2002/tc20020725_9019.htm
    • (2002) Business Week
    • Barrett, A.1
  • 9
    • 0002963316 scopus 로고
    • Climacterium: A developmental phase
    • Benedek, T. (1950). Climacterium: A developmental phase. Psychoanalysis Quarterly, 19, 1-27.
    • (1950) Psychoanalysis Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 1-27
    • Benedek, T.1
  • 10
    • 0030769501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of estrogen in the treatment and prevention of dementia: Introduction
    • Birge, S. M. (1997). The role of estrogen in the treatment and prevention of dementia: Introduction. American Journal of Medicine, 103(suppl.), 1S-2S.
    • (1997) American Journal of Medicine , vol.103 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Birge, S.M.1
  • 13
    • 0004622245 scopus 로고
    • Psychology of women: A psychoanalytic interpretation
    • (Ed.), New York: Grune and Stratton
    • Deutsch, H. (1945). Psychology of women: A psychoanalytic interpretation. In (Ed.), Motherhood: Vol. 11 (pp. 456-491). New York: Grune and Stratton.
    • (1945) Motherhood , vol.11 , pp. 456-491
    • Deutsch, H.1
  • 14
    • 2942750157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women
    • Espeland, M. A., Rapp, S. R., Shumaker, S. A., Brunner, R., Manson, J. E., Sherwin, B. B., et al. (2004). Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women. JAMA, 291, 2959-2968.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2959-2968
    • Espeland, M.A.1    Rapp, S.R.2    Shumaker, S.A.3    Brunner, R.4    Manson, J.E.5    Sherwin, B.B.6
  • 15
    • 1042286114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society
    • Estrogen and progestin use in peri- and post-menopausal women. (September)
    • Estrogen and progestin use in peri- and post-menopausal women. (2003, September). Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 10(6), 497-506.
    • (2003) Menopause , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 497-506
  • 16
    • 15844384589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixing the drugs pipeline. (March 13th-19th)
    • Fixing the drugs pipeline. (2004). The Economist (March 13th-19th), 37-38.
    • (2004) The Economist , pp. 37-38
  • 20
    • 0012891707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormones - Theraphy for symptoms only
    • Grady, D. (2003). Postmenopausal hormones-Theraphy for symptoms only. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(19), 1835-1837.
    • (2003) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.19 , pp. 1835-1837
    • Grady, D.1
  • 22
    • 0034595197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease: The heart estrogen/progestin replacement study
    • Grady, D., Wenger, N. K., Herrington, D., Khan, S., Furberg, C., Hunninghake, D., et al. (2000). Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases risk for venous thromboembolic disease: The heart estrogen/progestin replacement study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 132(9), 689-696.
    • (2000) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.132 , Issue.9 , pp. 689-696
    • Grady, D.1    Wenger, N.K.2    Herrington, D.3    Khan, S.4    Furberg, C.5    Hunninghake, D.6
  • 23
    • 0032400929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: Results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions trial
    • Greendale, G., Reboussin, B., Hogan, P., Barnabei, V. M., Shumaker, S., Johnson, S., et al. (1998). Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: Results from the postmenopausal estrogen/ progestin interventions trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 92, 982-988.
    • (1998) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.92 , pp. 982-988
    • Greendale, G.1    Reboussin, B.2    Hogan, P.3    Barnabei, V.M.4    Shumaker, S.5    Johnson, S.6
  • 24
    • 0037434599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy
    • Grodstein, F., Clarkson, T. B,, & Manson, J. E. (2003). Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(7), 645-650.
    • (2003) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.7 , pp. 645-650
    • Grodstein, F.1    Clarkson, T.B.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 25
    • 0028849402 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women
    • Grodstein, E, & Stampfer, M. (1995). The epidemiology of coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 38(3), 199-210.
    • (1995) Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-210
    • Grodstein, E.1    Stampfer, M.2
  • 26
    • 15844386108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wyeth cautious on long-term hormone use
    • (September 4). Retrieved October 13, 2003, from
    • Herper, M. (2002, September 4). Wyeth cautious on long-term hormone use. Forbes. Retrieved October 13, 2003, from http://www.forbes.com/ 2002/09/04/0904wye.html
    • (2002) Forbes
    • Herper, M.1
  • 28
    • 15844369500 scopus 로고
    • Menopause: The new prime time
    • New York: Viking Penguin
    • Healy, B. (1995). Menopause: The new prime time. In A new prescription for women's health (pp. 173-213). New York: Viking Penguin.
    • (1995) A New Prescription for Women's Health , pp. 173-213
    • Healy, B.1
  • 29
    • 0034711656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen for Alzheimer Disease in women: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Henderson, V. W., Paganini-Hill, A., Miller, B. L., Elble, R. J., Reyes, P. F., Shoupe, D., et al. (2000). Estrogen for Alzheimer Disease in women: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology, 54, 295-301.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 295-301
    • Henderson, V.W.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Miller, B.L.3    Elble, R.J.4    Reyes, P.F.5    Shoupe, D.6
  • 30
    • 15844363962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wyeth stock slides as study casts shadow on medicines
    • (July 10). Retrieved October 23, 2003, from
    • Hensley, S. (2002, July 10). Wyeth stock slides as study casts shadow on medicines. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 23, 2003, from http://www.WSJ.com
    • (2002) The Wall Street Journal
    • Hensley, S.1
  • 31
    • 15844370972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug companies report pain
    • October 23, 2003. Retrieved October 23, 2003 from, www.WSJ.com
    • Hensley, S., & Landers, P. (2003). Drug companies report pain. The Wall Street Journal Online, October 23, 2003. Retrieved October 23, 2003 from, www.WSJ.com.
    • (2003) The Wall Street Journal Online
    • Hensley, S.1    Landers, P.2
  • 32
    • 0042208437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From presumed benefit to potential harm - Hormone therapy and heart disease
    • Herrington, D. M., & Howard, T. D. (2003). From presumed benefit to potential harm-Hormone therapy and heart disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349(6),519-521.
    • (2003) The New England Journal of Medicine , vol.349 , Issue.6 , pp. 519-521
    • Herrington, D.M.1    Howard, T.D.2
  • 34
    • 0346599193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Annual trends and response to recent evidence
    • Hersh, L., Stefanick, M. L., & Stafford, R. S. (2004). National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Annual trends and response to recent evidence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 47-53.
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.291 , pp. 47-53
    • Hersh, L.1    Stefanick, M.L.2    Stafford, R.S.3
  • 35
    • 0142222870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting America's health: The FDA, business, and one hundred years of regulation
    • New York: Alfred J. Knopf
    • Hilts, P. J. (2003). Protecting America's health: The FDA, business, and one hundred years of regulation. New York: Alfred J. Knopf.
    • (2003)
    • Hilts, P.J.1
  • 37
    • 15844417679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wyeth's profit declines by 41% skewed by big year-earlier gain
    • (April 22). Retrieved April 22, 2004, from
    • Hovey, H. H. (2004, April 22). Wyeth's profit declines by 41% skewed by big year-earlier gain. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 22, 2004, from http://www.WSJ.com
    • (2004) The Wall Street Journal
    • Hovey, H.H.1
  • 38
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women
    • Hulley, S., Grady, D., Bush, T., Furberg, C., Herrington, D., Riggs, B., et al. (1998). Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280, 605-613.
    • (1998) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3    Furberg, C.4    Herrington, D.5    Riggs, B.6
  • 39
    • 0012785515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of pharmaceutical innovation
    • (May). Washington, DC: National Institute for Health Care Management
    • Hunt, M. (2002, May). Changing patterns of pharmaceutical innovation Washington, DC: National Institute for Health Care Management.
    • (2002)
    • Hunt, M.1
  • 40
    • 15844409874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women weigh the risks vs. the benefits of hormone therapy
    • (November 24). Retrieved April 24, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database
    • Ignelzi, R. J. (2003, November 24). Women weigh the risks vs. the benefits of hormone therapy. Copley News Service. Retrieved April 24, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database.
    • (2003) Copley News Service
    • Ignelzi, R.J.1
  • 42
    • 0012100332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menopause without pills: Rethinking hot flashes
    • (November 10). (Sunday, late ed.-final). Retrieved April 22, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database
    • Kolata, G. (2002, November 10). Menopause without pills: Rethinking hot flashes. The New York Times (Sunday, late ed.-final). Retrieved April 22, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis database.
    • (2002) The New York Times
    • Kolata, G.1
  • 43
    • 0003450232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription drug trends: A chartbook update
    • Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation
    • Kreling, D., Mott, D., Widerholt, J., Lundy, J., & Levitt, L. (2001). Prescription drug trends: A chartbook update. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
    • (2001)
    • Kreling, D.1    Mott, D.2    Widerholt, J.3    Lundy, J.4    Levitt, L.5
  • 44
    • 4444278259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug industry's big push into technology falls short
    • (February 24). Retrieved February 24, 2004, from
    • Landers, P. (2004, February 24). Drug industry's big push into technology falls short. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 24, 2004, from http://www.WSJ.com
    • (2004) The Wall Street Journal
    • Landers, P.1
  • 45
    • 0037065330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letters to the Editor
    • Letters to the Editor. (2002). Journal of the American Association, 288(22), 2819-2825.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Association , vol.288 , Issue.22 , pp. 2819-2825
  • 47
    • 0035026890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes: A systematic review
    • MacLennan, A., Lester, S., & Moore, V. (2001). Oral estrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes: A systematic review. Climacteric, 4, 58-74.
    • (2001) Climacteric , vol.4 , pp. 58-74
    • MacLennan, A.1    Lester, S.2    Moore, V.3
  • 49
    • 15844408056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market Information (WYE). Retrieved October 27, 2003, from
    • Market Information (WYE). (2003). New York Stock Exchange. Retrieved October 27, 2003, from http://www.nyse.com/marketinfo
    • (2003) New York Stock Exchange
  • 50
    • 15844389608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market Information (WYE). Retrieved March 23, 2004, from
    • Market Information (WYE). (2004). New York Stock Exchange. Retrieved March 23, 2004, from http://www.nyse.com/marketinfo
    • (2004) New York Stock Exchange
  • 51
    • 15844411622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone-Therapy debate grows
    • (October 8). Retrieved October 13, 2003, from
    • Mathews, A., & Hensley, S. (2003, October 8). Hormone-Therapy debate grows. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 13, 2003, from http://www.wsj.com
    • (2003) The Wall Street Journal
    • Mathews, A.1    Hensley, S.2
  • 52
    • 0026528835 scopus 로고
    • The normal menopause transition
    • McKinlay, S., Brambilla, D., & Posner, J. (1992). The normal menopause transition. Maturitas, 14, 103-115.
    • (1992) Maturitas , vol.14 , pp. 103-115
    • McKinlay, S.1    Brambilla, D.2    Posner, J.3
  • 53
    • 0037417581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The making of a disease: Female sexual dysfunction
    • Moynihan, R. (2003). The making of a disease: Female sexual dysfunction. British Medical Journal, 326, 45-47.
    • (2003) British Medical Journal , vol.326 , pp. 45-47
    • Moynihan, R.1
  • 54
    • 0037070782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling sickness: The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering
    • Moynihan, R., Heath, I. & Henry, D. (2002). Selling sickness: The pharmaceutical industry and disease mongering. British Medical Journal, 324, 886-889.
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.324 , pp. 886-889
    • Moynihan, R.1    Heath, I.2    Henry, D.3
  • 55
    • 0003638386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. (PHS 99-1232). Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • National Center for Health Statistics. (1999). Health United States, 1999 with the health and aging chartbook (PHS 99-1232). Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    • (1999) Health United States, 1999 With the Health and Aging Chartbook
  • 57
    • 15844425921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (January). Retrieved December 2, 2004, from
    • Premarin full revised label. (2003, January). Retrieved December 2, 2004, from: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2003/premarin-PI.pdf
    • (2003) Premarin Full Revised Label
  • 58
    • 15844387459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (January). Retrieved June 23, 2004, from
    • Prempro/Premphase/full revised label. (2003, January). Retrieved June 23, 2004, from: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2003/ prempro_PI.pdf
    • (2003) Prempro/Premphase/full Revised Label
  • 59
    • 0038724280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial
    • Rapp, S. R., Espeland, M. A., Shumaker, S. A., Henderson, V. W., Brunner, R. L., Manson, J. E., et al. (2003). Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(20), 2663-2672.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.289 , Issue.20 , pp. 2663-2672
    • Rapp, S.R.1    Espeland, M.A.2    Shumaker, S.A.3    Henderson, V.W.4    Brunner, R.L.5    Manson, J.E.6
  • 60
    • 0032191219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological performance
    • Resnick, S. M., Maki, P. M., Golski, S., Kraut, M. A., & Zonderman, A. B. (1998). Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological performance. Hormones and Behavior, 34 171-182.
    • (1998) Hormones and Behavior , vol.34 , pp. 171-182
    • Resnick, S.M.1    Maki, P.M.2    Golski, S.3    Kraut, M.A.4    Zonderman, A.B.5
  • 62
    • 1542792484 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy in women with coronary atherosclerosis
    • Robinson, R. W., Cohen, W. D., & Higano, N. (1958). Estrogen replacement therapy in women with coronary atherosclerosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 48, 95-101.
    • (1958) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.48 , pp. 95-101
    • Robinson, R.W.1    Cohen, W.D.2    Higano, N.3
  • 63
    • 0025884560 scopus 로고
    • Menopause-Related affective disorders: A justification for further study
    • Schmidt, P. J., & Rubinow, D. (1991). Menopause-Related affective disorders: A justification for further study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 844-852.
    • (1991) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 844-852
    • Schmidt, P.J.1    Rubinow, D.2
  • 64
    • 15844369865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The greatest experiment ever performed on women
    • New York: Hyperion Books
    • Seaman, B. (2003). The greatest experiment ever performed on women New York: Hyperion Books.
    • (2003)
    • Seaman, B.1
  • 65
    • 15844381295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schering defends hormone drugs in the wake of halt of U.S. study, (July 10). Retrieved October 13, 2003, from
    • Schering defends hormone drugs in the wake of halt of U.S. study, (2002, July 10). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 13, 2003, from http://www.wsj.com
    • (2002) The Wall Street Journal
  • 67
    • 0038386058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The women's health initiative memory study: A randomized controlled trial
    • Shumaker, S. A., Legaut, C., Rapp, S. R., Thal, L., Wallace, R. B., Ockene, J. K., et al. (2003). Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The women's health initiative memory study: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(20), 2651-2662.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.289 , Issue.20 , pp. 2651-2662
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Legaut, C.2    Rapp, S.R.3    Thal, L.4    Wallace, R.B.5    Ockene, J.K.6
  • 68
    • 2942755831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in post-menopausal women
    • Shumaker, S. A., Legault, C., Kuller, L., Rapp, S. R., Thal, L., Lane, D. S., et al. (2004). Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in post-menopausal women. JAMA, 291, 2947-2958.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2947-2958
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Legault, C.2    Kuller, L.3    Rapp, S.R.4    Thal, L.5    Lane, D.S.6
  • 69
    • 0032430616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia
    • Shumaker, S. A., Reboussin, B. A., Espeland, M. A., Rapp, S. R., Mcbee, W. L., Dailey, M., et al. (1998). The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia. Controlled Clinical Trials, 19, 604-621.
    • (1998) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.19 , pp. 604-621
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Reboussin, B.A.2    Espeland, M.A.3    Rapp, S.R.4    Mcbee, W.L.5    Dailey, M.6
  • 70
    • 15844406299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy's rise and fall: Science lost its way and women lost out
    • (July 20). (Sunday, 3rd ed.)
    • Smith, S. (2003, July 20). Hormone therapy's rise and fall: Science lost its way and women lost out. The Boston Globe (Sunday, 3rd ed.), p. A1.
    • (2003) The Boston Globe
    • Smith, S.1
  • 71
    • 0344110589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The menopausal marketplace
    • (November 18). Retrieved July 2, 2004, from
    • Spake, A. (2002, November 18). The menopausal marketplace. U.S. News & World Report, pp. 1-6. Retrieved July 2, 2004, from http:// USNews.com
    • (2002) U.S. News & World Report , pp. 1-6
    • Spake, A.1
  • 72
    • 0025981467 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence
    • Stampfer, M. J., & Colditz, G. A. (1991). Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: A quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Preventive Medicine, 20, 47-63.
    • (1991) Preventive Medicine , vol.20 , pp. 47-63
    • Stampfer, M.J.1    Colditz, G.A.2
  • 73
    • 0003442918 scopus 로고
    • The social transformation of American medicine
    • New York: Basic Books
    • Starr, P. (1982). The social transformation of American medicine. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1982)
    • Starr, P.1
  • 75
    • 15844372029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved, from U.S. Census Web site
    • U.S. Census Projections. (2003). Retrieved, from U.S. Census Web site: http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/summary/ np-13-b.pdf
    • (2003) U.S. Census Projections
  • 76
    • 0004244208 scopus 로고
    • Menopause in modern perspective: A guide to clinical practice
    • New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
    • Utian, W. H. (1980). Menopause in modern perspective: A guide to clinical practice. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
    • (1980)
    • Utian, W.H.1
  • 78
    • 0037145833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
    • Waters, D. D., Alderman, E. L., Hsia, J., Howard, B. V., Cobb, F. R., Rogers, W. J., et al. (2002). Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 2432-2440.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.288 , pp. 2432-2440
    • Waters, D.D.1    Alderman, E.L.2    Hsia, J.3    Howard, B.V.4    Cobb, F.R.5    Rogers, W.J.6
  • 79
    • 0003975853 scopus 로고
    • New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc
    • Wilson, R. A. (1966). Feminine forever. New York: M. Evans and Company, Inc.
    • (1966) Feminine Forever
    • Wilson, R.A.1
  • 80
    • 1842867053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy
    • The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee
    • The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. (2004). Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 1701-1712.
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.291 , pp. 1701-1712
  • 81
    • 6844255857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study
    • The Women's Health Initiative Study Group
    • The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. (1998). Design of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study. Controlled Clinical Trials, 19, 61-109.
    • (1998) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.19 , pp. 61-109
  • 82
    • 77957126077 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial
    • Writing Group for the PEPI Trial
    • Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. (1995). Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(3), 199-208.
    • (1995) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.273 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-208
  • 83
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. (2002). Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(3), 321-333.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.288 , Issue.3 , pp. 321-333
  • 84


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.