메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 604-621

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia

Author keywords

Aging; Alzheimer's; Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Estrogen

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; PLACEBO;

EID: 0032430616     PISSN: 01972456     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0197-2456(98)00038-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (260)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0024317904 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons
    • 1. Evans DA, Funkenstein H, Albert MS. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. JAMA 1989;262:2551-2556.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2551-2556
    • Evans, D.A.1    Funkenstein, H.2    Albert, M.S.3
  • 3
    • 0021922891 scopus 로고
    • Aphasia in dementia of Alzheimer's type
    • 3. Cummings JL, Benson DF, Hill MA. Aphasia in dementia of Alzheimer's type. Neurology 1985;35:394-397.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 394-397
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Benson, D.F.2    Hill, M.A.3
  • 4
    • 0026508937 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham study
    • 4. Bachman DL, Wolf PA, Linn R. Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham study. Neurology 1992;42:115-119.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 115-119
    • Bachman, D.L.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Linn, R.3
  • 6
    • 0029031466 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population
    • 6. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Beckett LA, et al. Age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population. JAMA 1995;273:1354-1359.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1354-1359
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Beckett, L.A.3
  • 7
    • 0027457545 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general population. The Framingham study
    • 7. Bachman DL, Wolf PA, Linn RT, et al. Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease in a general population. The Framingham Study. Neurology 1993;43: 515-519.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 515-519
    • Bachman, D.L.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Linn, R.T.3
  • 8
    • 0026545363 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of dementia: Preliminary findings from the Nottingham Longitudinal Study of Activity and Aging
    • 8. Morgan K, Lilley J, Arie T, et al. Incidence of dementia: preliminary findings from the Nottingham Longitudinal Study of Activity and Aging. Neuroepidemiology 1992;11:80-83.
    • (1992) Neuroepidemiology , vol.11 , pp. 80-83
    • Morgan, K.1    Lilley, J.2    Arie, T.3
  • 9
    • 0021683782 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of severe dementia in an urban sample followed from 70 to 79 years of age
    • 9. Nilsson LV. Incidence of severe dementia in an urban sample followed from 70 to 79 years of age. Acta Psych Scand 1984;70:478-486.
    • (1984) Acta Psych Scand , vol.70 , pp. 478-486
    • Nilsson, L.V.1
  • 10
    • 0003433313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current population reports, special studies
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • 10. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Special Studies, P23-190, 65+ in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.
    • (1996) 65+ in the United States
  • 11
    • 0028342424 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen regulates metabolism of Alzheimer amyloid β precursor protein
    • 11. Jaffe AB, Toran-Allerand CD, Greengard P, et al. Estrogen regulates metabolism of Alzheimer amyloid β precursor protein. J Biol Chem 1994;269:13065-13068.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 13065-13068
    • Jaffe, A.B.1    Toran-Allerand, C.D.2    Greengard, P.3
  • 12
    • 0026773757 scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen. In vivo suppression of leukocyte production in bone marrow and redistribution of peripheral blood neurtrophils
    • 12. Josefsson E, Tarkowski A, Carlsten H. Anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen. In vivo suppression of leukocyte production in bone marrow and redistribution of peripheral blood neurtrophils. Cell Immunol 1992;142:67-78.
    • (1992) Cell Immunol , vol.142 , pp. 67-78
    • Josefsson, E.1    Tarkowski, A.2    Carlsten, H.3
  • 13
    • 0028224213 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian steroid deprivation results in a reversible learning impairment and compromised cholinergic function in female Sprague-Dawley rats
    • 13. Singh M, Meyer EM, Millard WJ, et al. Ovarian steroid deprivation results in a reversible learning impairment and compromised cholinergic function in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Res 1994;644:305-312.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.644 , pp. 305-312
    • Singh, M.1    Meyer, E.M.2    Millard, W.J.3
  • 14
    • 0028030144 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen replacement on the relative levels of choline acetyltransferase, trkA, and nerve growth factor messenger RNAs in the basal forebrain and hippocampal formation in adult rats
    • 14. Gibbs RB, Wu D, Hersh LB, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on the relative levels of choline acetyltransferase, trkA, and nerve growth factor messenger RNAs in the basal forebrain and hippocampal formation in adult rats. Exp Neurol 1994;129:70-80.
    • (1994) Exp Neurol , vol.129 , pp. 70-80
    • Gibbs, R.B.1    Wu, D.2    Hersh, L.B.3
  • 15
    • 0026551310 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain
    • 15. Toran-Allerand CD, Miranda RC, Bentham WD, et al. Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:4668-4672.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 4668-4672
    • Toran-Allerand, C.D.1    Miranda, R.C.2    Bentham, W.D.3
  • 16
    • 0028918161 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement on brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cortical and hippocampal brain regions of female Sprague-Dawley rats
    • 16. Singh M, Meyer EM, Simpkins JW. The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement on brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cortical and hippocampal brain regions of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocrinology 1995;136:2320-2324.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2320-2324
    • Singh, M.1    Meyer, E.M.2    Simpkins, J.W.3
  • 17
    • 0029917449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of estrogen action during neural development: Mediation by interaction with the neurotrophins and their receptors
    • 17. Toran-Allerand CD. Mechanisms of estrogen action during neural development: mediation by interaction with the neurotrophins and their receptors. J Ster Biochem Mol Biol 1996;56:169-178.
    • (1996) J Ster Biochem Mol Biol , vol.56 , pp. 169-178
    • Toran-Allerand, C.D.1
  • 18
    • 0026627947 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat
    • 18. Woolley CS, McEwen BS. Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat. J Neurosci 1992;12:2549-2554.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 2549-2554
    • Woolley, C.S.1    McEwen, B.S.2
  • 19
    • 0029973815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of dendritic spine density in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by steroid hormones
    • 19. Murphy DD, Segal M. Regulation of dendritic spine density in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by steroid hormones. J Neurosci 1996;16:4059-4068.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 4059-4068
    • Murphy, D.D.1    Segal, M.2
  • 20
    • 0027987251 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol regulates hippocampal dendritic spine density via an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanism
    • 20. Woolley CS, McEwen BS. Estradiol regulates hippocampal dendritic spine density via an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci 1994; 14:7680-7687.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 7680-7687
    • Woolley, C.S.1    McEwen, B.S.2
  • 21
    • 0021802494 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen stimulates neuronal plasticity in the deafferented hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in aged female rats
    • 21. Matsumoto A, Arai Y, Osanai M. Estrogen stimulates neuronal plasticity in the deafferented hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in aged female rats. Neurosci Res 1985;2:412-418.
    • (1985) Neurosci Res , vol.2 , pp. 412-418
    • Matsumoto, A.1    Arai, Y.2    Osanai, M.3
  • 22
    • 0026341955 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on cerebral perfusion and cognition among postmenopausal women
    • 22. Funk JL, Mortel KF, Meyer JS. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on cerebral perfusion and cognition among postmenopausal women. Dementia 1991;2:268-272.
    • (1991) Dementia , vol.2 , pp. 268-272
    • Funk, J.L.1    Mortel, K.F.2    Meyer, J.S.3
  • 23
    • 0017127474 scopus 로고
    • Replacement therapy with piperazine oestrone sulphate ("Harmongen") and its effect on memory
    • 23. Hackman BW, Galbraith D. Replacement therapy with piperazine oestrone sulphate ("Harmongen") and its effect on memory. Curr Med Res Opin 1976;4:303-306.
    • (1976) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.4 , pp. 303-306
    • Hackman, B.W.1    Galbraith, D.2
  • 24
    • 0000729986 scopus 로고
    • An endocrine factor in certain affective disorders
    • 24. Malleson J. An endocrine factor in certain affective disorders. Lancet ii 1953;158-164.
    • (1953) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 158-164
    • Malleson, J.1
  • 25
    • 0025090629 scopus 로고
    • The history and rationale of hormone replacement therapy
    • 25. Van Keep PA. The history and rationale of hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1990;12:163-170.
    • (1990) Maturitas , vol.12 , pp. 163-170
    • Van Keep, P.A.1
  • 26
    • 0017358882 scopus 로고
    • Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome
    • 26. Campbell S, Whitehead M. Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1977;4:31-47.
    • (1977) Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.4 , pp. 31-47
    • Campbell, S.1    Whitehead, M.2
  • 27
    • 0027102043 scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen on memory function in surgically menopausal women
    • 27. Phillips SM, Sherwin BB. Effects of estrogen on memory function in surgically menopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1992;17:485-495.
    • (1992) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.17 , pp. 485-495
    • Phillips, S.M.1    Sherwin, B.B.2
  • 28
    • 0023753969 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills
    • 28. Hampson E, Kimura D. Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills. Behav Neurosci 1988;102:456-459.
    • (1988) Behav Neurosci , vol.102 , pp. 456-459
    • Hampson, E.1    Kimura, D.2
  • 29
    • 84970654768 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive pattern in men and women is influenced by fluctuations in sex hormones
    • 29. Kimura D, Hampson E. Cognitive pattern in men and women is influenced by fluctuations in sex hormones. Cur Dir Psycholog Sci 1994;3:57-61.
    • (1994) Cur Dir Psycholog Sci , vol.3 , pp. 57-61
    • Kimura, D.1    Hampson, E.2
  • 30
    • 0028086440 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy in older women: Comparisons between Alzheimer's disease cases and nondemented control subjects
    • 30. Henderson VW, Paganini-Hill A, Emanuel CK, et al. Estrogen replacement therapy in older women: comparisons between Alzheimer's disease cases and nondemented control subjects. Arch Neurol 1994;51:896-900.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 896-900
    • Henderson, V.W.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Emanuel, C.K.3
  • 31
    • 0028085516 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women
    • 31. Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:256-261.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , pp. 256-261
    • Paganini-Hill, A.1    Henderson, V.W.2
  • 32
    • 0025635923 scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease
    • 32. Graves AB, White E, Koepsell TD, et al. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1990;28:766-774.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 766-774
    • Graves, A.B.1    White, E.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 33
    • 0030591669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease
    • 33. Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996;348:429-432.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 429-432
    • Tang, M.X.1    Jacobs, D.2    Stern, Y.3
  • 34
    • 0022525677 scopus 로고
    • Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia-Alzheimer's type
    • 34. Fillit H, Weinreb H, Cholst I, et al. Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia-Alzheimer's type. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1986;11:337-345.
    • (1986) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.11 , pp. 337-345
    • Fillit, H.1    Weinreb, H.2    Cholst, I.3
  • 35
    • 0028578027 scopus 로고
    • Estrogens in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women
    • 35. Fillit H. Estrogens in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994;743:233-238.
    • (1994) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.743 , pp. 233-238
    • Fillit, H.1
  • 36
    • 0027280303 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women
    • 36. Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D. Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women. JAMA 1993;269:2637-2641.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 2637-2641
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Kritz-Silverstein, D.2
  • 37
    • 0000512693 scopus 로고
    • An effect of conjugated estrogen to cognitive impairment in women with senile dementia - Alzheimer's type: A placebo-controlled double-blind study
    • 37. Honjo H, Ogino Y, Tanaka K, et al. An effect of conjugated estrogen to cognitive impairment in women with senile dementia - Alzheimer's type: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Jpn Menopause Soc 1993;1:167-171.
    • (1993) J Jpn Menopause Soc , vol.1 , pp. 167-171
    • Honjo, H.1    Ogino, Y.2    Tanaka, K.3
  • 38
    • 0000950499 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose estrogen replacement therapy for Alzheimer disease in women
    • 38. Ohkura T, Isse K, Akawawa K, et al. Low-dose estrogen replacement therapy for Alzheimer disease in women. Menopause 1994;1:125-130.
    • (1994) Menopause , vol.1 , pp. 125-130
    • Ohkura, T.1    Isse, K.2    Akawawa, K.3
  • 39
    • 0000336139 scopus 로고
    • Regression models and life tables
    • 39. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Statist Soc B 1972;34:187-195.
    • (1972) J R Statist Soc B , vol.34 , pp. 187-195
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 40
    • 0020974571 scopus 로고
    • Sample-size formula for the proportional-hazards regression model
    • 40. Schoenfeld DA. Sample-size formula for the proportional-hazards regression model. Biometrics 1983;39:499-503.
    • (1983) Biometrics , vol.39 , pp. 499-503
    • Schoenfeld, D.A.1
  • 41
    • 6844255857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the women's health initiative clinical trial and observational study
    • 41. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Design of the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study. Controlled Clin Trials 1998;19:61-109.
    • (1998) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.19 , pp. 61-109
  • 42
    • 0023194048 scopus 로고
    • The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination
    • 42. Teng EL, Chui HC. The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Examination. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:314-318.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 314-318
    • Teng, E.L.1    Chui, H.C.2
  • 43
    • 0030909279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population
    • 43. Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, et al. Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet 1997; 349:1793-1796.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1793-1796
    • Graham, J.E.1    Rockwood, K.2    Beattie, B.L.3
  • 44
    • 0029962227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified MMSE (3MS): A psychometric comparison and normative data
    • 44. Tombaugh TN, McDowell I, Kristjansson B, et al. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified MMSE (3MS): a psychometric comparison and normative data. Psychol Assess 1996;8:48-59.
    • (1996) Psychol Assess , vol.8 , pp. 48-59
    • Tombaugh, T.N.1    McDowell, I.2    Kristjansson, B.3
  • 45
    • 0024453856 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease
    • 45. Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1159-1165.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 1159-1165
    • Morris, J.C.1    Heyman, A.2    Mohs, R.C.3
  • 46
    • 0003667373 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General's Office
    • 46. Army Individual Test Battery. Manual of Directions and Scoring. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General's Office; 1944.
    • (1944) Manual of Directions and Scoring
  • 48
    • 0028003739 scopus 로고
    • Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study
    • 48. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, et al. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA 1994; 272:1749-1756.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1749-1756
    • Spitzer, R.L.1    Williams, J.B.2    Kroenke, K.3
  • 49
    • 0002136714 scopus 로고
    • The Geriatric Depression Scale: Comparison with other self-report and psychiatric rating scales
    • Crook T, Ferris S, Bartus R, eds. New Canaan, CT: Mark Powley Associates
    • 49. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. The Geriatric Depression Scale: Comparison with other self-report and psychiatric rating scales. In: Crook T, Ferris S, Bartus R, eds. Assessment in Geriatric Psychopharmacology. New Canaan, CT: Mark Powley Associates; 1983:153-157.
    • (1983) Assessment in Geriatric Psychopharmacology , pp. 153-157
    • Yesavage, J.A.1    Brink, T.L.2    Rose, T.L.3
  • 50
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • "Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • 50. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-Mental State": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatric Res 1975; 12:189-198.
    • (1975) J Psychiatric Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 52
    • 0000885136 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations
    • 52. Kaplan E, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Statist Assoc 1958;8:699-721.
    • (1958) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.8 , pp. 699-721
    • Kaplan, E.1    Meier, P.2
  • 53
    • 0017365573 scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observations of each patient. II. Analysis and examples
    • 53. Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observations of each patient. II. Analysis and examples. Br J Cancer 1977;35:1-39.
    • (1977) Br J Cancer , vol.35 , pp. 1-39
    • Peto, R.1    Pike, M.C.2    Armitage, P.3
  • 54
    • 0000413444 scopus 로고
    • A model for informative censoring
    • 54. Link WA. A model for informative censoring. J Am Statist Assoc 1989;84:749-756.
    • (1989) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.84 , pp. 749-756
    • Link, W.A.1
  • 55
    • 0023779040 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing changes in the presence of informative right censoring caused by death and withdrawal
    • 55. Wu MC, Bailey KR. Analyzing changes in the presence of informative right censoring caused by death and withdrawal. Stat Med 1988;7:337-344.
    • (1988) Stat Med , vol.7 , pp. 337-344
    • Wu, M.C.1    Bailey, K.R.2
  • 56
    • 0001654512 scopus 로고
    • Covariance analysis of censored survival data using log-linear analysis techniques
    • 56. Laird NM, Oliver D. Covariance analysis of censored survival data using log-linear analysis techniques. J Am Statist Assoc 1981;76:231-239.
    • (1981) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.76 , pp. 231-239
    • Laird, N.M.1    Oliver, D.2
  • 57
    • 77649173768 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
    • 57. Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986;73:13-22.
    • (1986) Biometrika , vol.73 , pp. 13-22
    • Liang, K.Y.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 58
    • 0020333131 scopus 로고
    • Random-effects models for longitudinal data
    • 58. Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;38:963-974.
    • (1982) Biometrics , vol.38 , pp. 963-974
    • Laird, N.M.1    Ware, J.H.2
  • 59
    • 0001862062 scopus 로고
    • Regression models with time series errors
    • 59. Tsay RS. Regression models with time series errors. J Am Statist Assoc 1984;79:18-24.
    • (1984) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.79 , pp. 18-24
    • Tsay, R.S.1
  • 60
    • 21144483152 scopus 로고
    • Pattern mixture models for multivariate incomplete data
    • 60. Little RJA. Pattern mixture models for multivariate incomplete data. J Am Statist Assoc 1993;88:125-134.
    • (1993) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.88 , pp. 125-134
    • Little, R.J.A.1
  • 61
    • 84920317367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propensity score techniques for estimating treatment effects in clinical trials with dropouts
    • 61. D'Agostino RB Jr, Dawson R. Propensity score techniques for estimating treatment effects in clinical trials with dropouts. Controlled Clin Trials 1997;18(3S):1035.
    • (1997) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.18 , Issue.3 S , pp. 1035
    • D'Agostino R.B., Jr.1    Dawson, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.