Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 130, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 545-553

  Keating, Nancy L ^a   Cleary, Paul D ^a   Rossi, Alice S ^b   Zaslavsky, Alan M ^a   Ayanian, John Z ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CALCIUM INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG USE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033528751     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00002     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Belchetz PE. Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1062-71.
2. Brinton LA, Schairer C. Postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy -time for a reappraisal? [Editorial] N Engl J Med 1997;336:1821-2.
3. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA. 1995;273: 199-208.
4. Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA. 1996;276:1389-96.
5. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-13.
6. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med. 1991;20:47-63.
7. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurses' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1991;325:756-62.
8. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:453-61.
9. Nachtigall LE, Nachtigall RH, Nachtigall RD, Beckman EM. Estrogen replacement therapy I: a 10-year prospective study in the relationship to osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1979;53:277-81.
10. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann E. Long-term estrogen replacement therapy prevents bone loss and fractures. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:319-24.
11. Consensus development conference: prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987;295:914-5.
12. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1769-75.
13. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Willett WC, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1589-93.
14. Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, Fox CS, Black D, Ettinger B, et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:1016-37.
15. Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy. American College of Physcians. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:1038-41.
16. Col NF, Eckman MH, Karas RH, Pauker SG, Goldberg RJ, Ross EM, et al. Patient-specific decisions about hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1997;277:1140-7.
17. Standeven M, Criqui MH, Klauber MR, Gabriel S, Barrett-Connor E. Correlates of change in postmenopausal estrogen use in a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124:268-74.
18. Egeland GM, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Kelsey SF. Characteristics of noncontraceptive hormone users. Prev Med. 1988;17:403-11.
19. Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL, Criqui MH. Postmenopausal estrogen use and heart disease risk factors in the 1980s. Rancho Bernardo, Calif, Revisited JAMA. 1989;261:2095-100.
20. Cauley JA, Cummings SR, Black DM, Mascioli SR, Seeley DG. Prevalence and determinants of estrogen replacement therapy in elderly women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(5 Pt 1):1438-44.
21. Barrett-Connor E. Postmenopausal estrogen and prevention bias. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:455-6.
22. Egeland GM, Kuller LH, Matthews KA, Kelsey SF, Cauley J, Guzick D. Premenopausal determinants of menopausal estrogen use. Prev Med. 1991; 20:343-9.
23. Derby CA, Hume AL, Barbour MM, McPhillips JB, Lasater TM, Carleton RA. Correlates of postmenopausal estrogen use and trends through the 1980s in two southeastern New England communities. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 137:1125-35.
24. Scalley EK, Henrich JB. An overview of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health. 1993;2:289-94.
25. Handa VL, Landerman R, Hanlon JT, Harris T, Cohen HJ. Do older women use estrogen replacement? Data from the Duke established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44:1-6.
26. Brett KM, Madans JH. Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: estimates from a nationally representative cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145:536-45.
27. Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Wing RR, Meilahn EN, Plantinga P. Prior to use of estrogen replacement therapy, are users healthier than nonusers? Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:971-8.
28. Rossouw JE, Finnegan LP, Harlan WR, Pinn VW, Clifford C, McGowan JA. The evolution of the Women's Health Initiative: perspectives from the NIH. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1995;50:50-5.
29. Rose GA, Blackburn H, Gillum RF, Prineas RF. Cardiovascular Survey Methods. 2d ed Geneva: World Health Organization, 1982.
30. World Health Organization. Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.0. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
31. Bem SL. Bem Sex Role Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Pr; 1981.
32. Goldberg LR. The development of markers for the big five factor structure. Psychological Assessment. 1993;4:26-42.
33. John OP. The big five factor taxonomy: dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In: Pervin LA, ed. Handbook of Personality Theory and Research. New York: Guilford; 1990.
34. Trapnell PD, Wiggins JS. Extension of the interpersonal adjective scales to include the big five dimensions of personality. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;59: 781-90.
35. Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosom Med. 1988;50:510-9
36. Levy PS, Lemeshow S. Sampling of populations: methods and applications New York: J Wiley; 1991.
37. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22:719-48.
38. Frane J. SUDAAN: Professional Software for Survey Data Analysis. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1989.
39. Rubin DB. Multiple imputations in sample surveys: a phenomenological Bayesian approach to nonresponse. Proceedings of the Survey Research Methods Section of the American Statistical Association. 1978:20-8.
40. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: J Wiley; 1987.
41. Heitjan DF. Annotation: what can be done about missing data? Approaches to imputation. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:548-50.
42. Schafer JL. Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. London: Chapman and Hall; 1997.
43. Harris RB, Laws A, Reddy VM, King A, Haskell WL. Are women using postmenopausal estrogens? A community survey. Am J Public Health. 1990; 80:1266-8.
44. Newton KM, LaCroix AZ, Leveille SG, Rutter C, Keenan NL, Anderson LA. Women's beliefs and decisions about hormone replacement therapy. J Womens Health. 1997:6459-65.
45. Wysowski DK, Golden L, Burke L. Use of menopausal estrogens and medroxyprogesterone in the United States, 1982-1992. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85:6-10.
46. Kjerulff K, Langenberg P, Guzinski G. The socioeconomic correlates of hysterectomies in the United States. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:106-8.
47. Pokras R, Hufnagel VG. Hysterectomy in the United States, 1965-84. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:852-3.
48. Hemminki E, Kennedy DL, Baum C, McKinlay SM. Prescribing of non-contraceptive estrogens and progestins in the United States, 1974-86. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:1479-81.
49. Wennberg JE. Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action. Health Aff (Millwood). 1984;3:6-32.
50. Leape LL. Unnecessary surgery. Annu Rev Pub Health. 1992;13:363-83.
51. Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density. The Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA. 1997;277:543-7.
52. Barren-Connor EL, Cohn BA, Wingard DL, Edelstein SL. Why is diabetes mellitus a stronger risk factor for fatal ischemic heart disease in women than in men? The Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA. 1991;254:627-31.
53. Redelmeier DA, Tan SH, Booth GL. The treatment of unrelated disorders in patients with chronic medical diseases. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1516-20.
54. Solomon CG, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rich-Edwards J, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy is associated with reduced risk for coronary heart disease in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [Abstract]. Circulation. 1996;94(Suppl 1):339.
55. Grodstein F. Invited commentary: can selection bias explain the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement therapy? Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143: 979-82.
56. Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Wing RR, Meilahn EN, Plantinga P. Health prior to hormone use [Letter]. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:983-4.
57. Persson I, Bergkvist L, Lindgren C, Yuen J. Hormone replacement therapy and major risk factors for reproductive cancers, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases: evidence of confounding by exposure characteristics. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:611-8.
58. Sidney S, Petitti DB, Quesenberry CP Jr. Myocardial infarction and the use of estrogen and estrogen-progestogen in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:501-8.
59. Dunn LB, Damesyn M, Moore AA, Reuben DB, Greendale GA. Does estrogen prevent skin aging? Results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:339-42.
60. Fowler FJ. Survey Research Methods 2d ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1993:40.
61. Thornberry TO, Massey JT. Trends in U.S. telephone coverage across time ard subgroups. In: Groves RM, Massey JT, Nicholls W, eds. Telephone Survey Methodology. New York: Wiley; 1988:25-50.
62. Ford ES. Characteristics of survey participants with and without a telephone: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51:55-60.
63. Schwartz M, Anwah I, Levy RN. Variations in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clin Orthop. 1985;192:180-4.
64. Greendale GA, Carlson KJ, Schiff I. Estrogen and progestin therapy to prevent osteoporosis: attitudes and practices of general internists and gynecologists. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:464-9.
65. Stafford RS, Saglam D, Causino N, Blumenthal D. Low rates of hormone replacement in visits to United States primary care physicians. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;177:381-7.
66. McNagny SE, Wenger NK, Frank E. Personal use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy by women physicians in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:1093-6.
67. Ravnikar VA. Compliance with hormone therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;156:1332-4.
68. Connelly MT, Ferrari NA, Hagen N, Inui TS. Validation of a patient-centered model for hormone replacement therapy decisions [Abstract]. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12(Suppl):126.
69. Col NF, Eckman MH, Pauker SG, Ross EM, Wong JB. A simple algorithm for estimating changes in life expectancy from hormone replacement tnerapy. Results from a decision analytic model [Abstract]. J Gen Intern Med 1997; 12(Suppl):60.