메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 123-135

Endosymbiotic gene transfer: Organelle genomes forge eukaryotic chromosomes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENTARY DNA; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; RIBOSOME RNA;

EID: 0742323538     PISSN: 14710056     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrg1271     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1137)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 0001112913 scopus 로고
    • Das Wesen und die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse der 'Varietates albomarginatae hort' von Pelargonium zonale
    • Baur, E. Das Wesen und die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse der 'Varietates albomarginatae hort' von Pelargonium zonale. Z. Vererbungsl. 1, 330-351 (1909).
    • (1909) Z. Vererbungsl. , vol.1 , pp. 330-351
    • Baur, E.1
  • 2
    • 0001204463 scopus 로고
    • Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche
    • Mereschkowsky, C. Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche. Biol. Centralbl. 25, 593-604 (1905). [English translation Eur. J. Phycol. 34, 287-295, 1999]. The starting point of endosymbiotic theory. Outlines the reasoning that we still use today to explain the origin of plastids from cyanobacteria, a paper that was many decades ahead of its time.
    • (1905) Biol. Centralbl. , vol.25 , pp. 593-604
    • Mereschkowsky, C.1
  • 3
    • 0032743643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • English translation
    • Mereschkowsky, C. Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche. Biol. Centralbl. 25, 593-604 (1905). [English translation Eur. J. Phycol. 34, 287-295, 1999]. The starting point of endosymbiotic theory. Outlines the reasoning that we still use today to explain the origin of plastids from cyanobacteria, a paper that was many decades ahead of its time.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Phycol. , vol.34 , pp. 287-295
  • 4
    • 0004252071 scopus 로고
    • Yale Univ. Press, New Haven
    • Margulis, L. Origin of Eukaryotic Cells 349 (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 1970). The rediscovery of endosymbiotic theory after Wilson's 1928 condemnation of symbiosis as an evolutionary mechanism (see also reference 2).
    • (1970) Origin of Eukaryotic Cells , pp. 349
    • Margulis, L.1
  • 5
    • 0020047207 scopus 로고
    • Has the endosymbiont hypothesis been proven?
    • Gray, M. W. & Doolittle, W. F. Has the endosymbiont hypothesis been proven? Microbol. Rev. 46, 1-42 (1982).
    • (1982) Microbol. Rev. , vol.46 , pp. 1-42
    • Gray, M.W.1    Doolittle, W.F.2
  • 6
    • 0016785846 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of organelles and eukaryotic genomes
    • Bogorad, L. Evolution of organelles and eukaryotic genomes. Science 188, 891-898 (1975).
    • (1975) Science , vol.188 , pp. 891-898
    • Bogorad, L.1
  • 7
    • 0001017623 scopus 로고
    • Chloroplast proteins: Synthesis, transport and assembly
    • Ellis, R. J. Chloroplast proteins: synthesis, transport and assembly. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 32, 111-137 (1981).
    • (1981) Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. , vol.32 , pp. 111-137
    • Ellis, R.J.1
  • 8
    • 0019343489 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and biochemical implications of the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast
    • Weeden, N. F. Genetic and biochemical implications of the endosymbiotic origin of the chloroplast. J. Mol. Evol. 17, 133-139 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 133-139
    • Weeden, N.F.1
  • 9
    • 0002160837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene transfer from organelles to the nucleus: How much, what happens, and why?
    • Martin, W. & Herrmann, R. G. Gene transfer from organelles to the nucleus: how much, what happens, and why? Plant Physiol. 118, 9-17 (1998).
    • (1998) Plant Physiol. , vol.118 , pp. 9-17
    • Martin, W.1    Herrmann, R.G.2
  • 10
    • 0035984030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treasure trove of algal chloroplast genomes. Surprises in architecture and gene content, and their functional implications
    • Simpson, C. L. & Stern, D. B. The treasure trove of algal chloroplast genomes. Surprises in architecture and gene content, and their functional implications. Plant Physiol. 129, 957-966 (2002).
    • (2002) Plant Physiol. , vol.129 , pp. 957-966
    • Simpson, C.L.1    Stern, D.B.2
  • 11
    • 0033525788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial evolution
    • Gray, M. W., Burger, G. & Lang, B. F. Mitochondrial evolution. Science 283, 1476-1481 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1476-1481
    • Gray, M.W.1    Burger, G.2    Lang, B.F.3
  • 12
    • 0033367329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes
    • Lang, B. F., Gray, M. W. & Burger, G. Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 33, 351-397 (1999).
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 351-397
    • Lang, B.F.1    Gray, M.W.2    Burger, G.3
  • 13
    • 0037417915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique mitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals
    • Burger, G., Forget, L., Zhu, Y., Gray, M. W. & Lang, B. F. Unique mitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 892-897 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 892-897
    • Burger, G.1    Forget, L.2    Zhu, Y.3    Gray, M.W.4    Lang, B.F.5
  • 14
    • 0142024182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogenosomes, mitochondria and early eukaryotic evolution
    • Embley, T. M. et al. Hydrogenosomes, mitochondria and early eukaryotic evolution. IUBMB Life 55, 387-395 (2003). An incisive and up-to-date review that covers the biology and evolutionary significance of hydrogenosomes, the mitochondria that endosymbiotic theory nearly forgot.
    • (2003) IUBMB Life , vol.55 , pp. 387-395
    • Embley, T.M.1
  • 15
    • 0033536215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single gene circles in dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes
    • Zhang, Z., Green, B. R. & Cavalier-Smith, T. Single gene circles in dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes. Nature 400, 155-159 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 155-159
    • Zhang, Z.1    Green, B.R.2    Cavalier-Smith, T.3
  • 16
    • 0037417809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-like traits associated with metabolism of Trypanosoma parasites
    • Hannaert, V. et al. Plant-like traits associated with metabolism of Trypanosoma parasites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 1067-1071 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 1067-1071
    • Hannaert, V.1
  • 17
    • 0034177573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane heredity and early chloroplast evolution
    • Cavalier-Smith T. Membrane heredity and early chloroplast evolution. Trends Plant Sci. 5, 174-182 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Plant Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 174-182
    • Cavalier-Smith, T.1
  • 19
    • 0344633597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial remnant organelles of Giardia function in iron-sulphur protein maturation
    • Tovar, J. et al. Mitochondrial remnant organelles of Giardia function in iron-sulphur protein maturation. Nature 426, 172-176 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 172-176
    • Tovar, J.1
  • 20
    • 0037126071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary analysis of Arabidopsis, cyanobacterial, and chloroplast genomes reveals plastid phylogeny and thousands of cyanobacterial genes in the nucleus
    • Martin, W. et al. Evolutionary analysis of Arabidopsis, cyanobacterial, and chloroplast genomes reveals plastid phylogeny and thousands of cyanobacterial genes in the nucleus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 12246-12251 (2002). Shows that approximately 18% of the nuclear genes in Arabidopsis come from the ancestral plastid genome.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 12246-12251
    • Martin, W.1
  • 21
    • 0742298138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genome sequence and evolution of the reproductive parasite Wolbachia pipientis wMel: A streamlined (z-proteobacterium massively infected with mobile genetic elements
    • in the press
    • Wu, M. et al. The genome sequence and evolution of the reproductive parasite Wolbachia pipientis wMel: a streamlined (z-proteobacterium massively infected with mobile genetic elements. PLoS Biology (in the press). Incisive evolutionary insights into endosymbiont genome biology with a genome phylogeny for mitochondrial origin.
    • PLoS Biology
    • Wu, M.1
  • 22
    • 0019984101 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of maize have a 12-kilobase DNA sequence in common
    • Stern, D. B. & Lonsdale, D. M. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of maize have a 12-kilobase DNA sequence in common. Nature 299, 698-702 (1982). The paper that initiated progress; showed that DNA was able to migrate between the genetic compartments of eukaryotes.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 698-702
    • Stern, D.B.1    Lonsdale, D.M.2
  • 23
    • 0021111840 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA sequences in the nuclear genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
    • Jacobs, H. T. et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequences in the nuclear genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J. Mol. Biol. 165, 609-632 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.165 , pp. 609-632
    • Jacobs, H.T.1
  • 24
    • 0020661320 scopus 로고
    • Rearranged mitochondrial genes in the yeast nuclear genome
    • Farrely, F. & Butow, R. A. Rearranged mitochondrial genes in the yeast nuclear genome. Nature 301, 296-301 (1983).
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , pp. 296-301
    • Farrely, F.1    Butow, R.A.2
  • 25
    • 0013142749 scopus 로고
    • Spinach nuclear and chloroplast DNAs have homologous sequences
    • Timmis, J. N. & Scott, N. S. Spinach nuclear and chloroplast DNAs have homologous sequences. Nature 305, 65-67 (1983).
    • (1983) Nature , vol.305 , pp. 65-67
    • Timmis, J.N.1    Scott, N.S.2
  • 26
    • 0020488498 scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous DNA - Chloroplast genes inside plant mitochondria
    • Ellis, R. J. Promiscuous DNA - chloroplast genes inside plant mitochondria. Nature 299, 678-679 (1982).
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 678-679
    • Ellis, R.J.1
  • 27
    • 0028363062 scopus 로고
    • Numt, a recent transfer and tandem amplification of mitochondrial DNA to the nuclear genome of the domestic cat
    • Lopez, J. V., Yuhki, N., Masuda, R., Modi, W. & O'Brien, S. J. Numt, a recent transfer and tandem amplification of mitochondrial DNA to the nuclear genome of the domestic cat. J. Mol. Evol. 39, 174-190 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.39 , pp. 174-190
    • Lopez, J.V.1    Yuhki, N.2    Masuda, R.3    Modi, W.4    O'Brien, S.J.5
  • 28
    • 0033999959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent assimilation of mitochondrial DNA by grasshopper nuclear genomes
    • Bensasson, D., Zhang, D. X. & Hewitt, G. M. Frequent assimilation of mitochondrial DNA by grasshopper nuclear genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 406-415 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 406-415
    • Bensasson, D.1    Zhang, D.X.2    Hewitt, G.M.3
  • 29
    • 0033936515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple nuclear insertions of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences in callitrichine primates
    • Mundy, N. I., Pissinatti, A. & Woodruff, D. S. Multiple nuclear insertions of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences in callitrichine primates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1075-1080 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Mundy, N.I.1    Pissinatti, A.2    Woodruff, D.S.3
  • 30
    • 1842848118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of mitochondrial cytochrome b pseudogene in genus Nycticebus
    • Lu, X. M., Fu, Y. X. & Zhang, Y. P. Evolution of mitochondrial cytochrome b pseudogene in genus Nycticebus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 2337-2341 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 2337-2341
    • Lu, X.M.1    Fu, Y.X.2    Zhang, Y.P.3
  • 31
    • 0034907535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial pseudogenes are pervasive and often insidious in the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus
    • Williams, S. T. & Knowlton, N. Mitochondrial pseudogenes are pervasive and often insidious in the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 1484-1493 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 1484-1493
    • Williams, S.T.1    Knowlton, N.2
  • 32
    • 0036134760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using secondary structure to identity ribosomal numts: Cautionary examples from the human genome
    • Olson, L. E. & Yoder, A. D. Using secondary structure to identity ribosomal numts: cautionary examples from the human genome. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 93-100 (2002). Together with reference 32, points out that numts are often mistaken for genuine mitochondrial DNA sequences.
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 93-100
    • Olson, L.E.1    Yoder, A.D.2
  • 33
    • 0035358999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial pseudogenes: Evolution's misplaced witnesses
    • Bensasson, D., Zhang, D., Hartl, D. L. & Hewitt, G. M. Mitochondrial pseudogenes: evolution's misplaced witnesses. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16, 314-321 (2001).
    • (2001) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 314-321
    • Bensasson, D.1    Zhang, D.2    Hartl, D.L.3    Hewitt, G.M.4
  • 34
    • 0033523903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA repairs double strand breaks in yeast chromosomes
    • Ricchetti, M., Fairhead, C. & Dujon, B. Mitochondrial DNA repairs double strand breaks in yeast chromosomes. Nature 402, 96-100 (1999). The initial genome-wide survey for numts; indicates a role for recombination in numt integration.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 96-100
    • Ricchetti, M.1    Fairhead, C.2    Dujon, B.3
  • 35
    • 0034882969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human genome project reveals a continuous transfer of large mitochondrial fragments to the nucleus
    • Mourier, T., Hansen, A. J., Willerslev, E. & Arctander, P. The human genome project reveals a continuous transfer of large mitochondrial fragments to the nucleus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 1833-1837 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 1833-1837
    • Mourier, T.1    Hansen, A.J.2    Willerslev, E.3    Arctander, P.4
  • 36
    • 0036296922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and chromosomal distribution of human mitochondrial pseudogenes
    • Tourmen, Y. et al. Structure and chromosomal distribution of human mitochondrial pseudogenes. Genomics 80, 71-77 (2002).
    • (2002) Genomics , vol.80 , pp. 71-77
    • Tourmen, Y.1
  • 37
    • 0037309706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of large numts in the human genome: Rarity of independent insertions and abundance of post-insertion duplications
    • Hazkani-Covo, E., Sorek, R. & Graur, D. Evolutionary dynamics of large numts in the human genome: rarity of independent insertions and abundance of post-insertion duplications. J. Mol. Evol. 56, 169-174 (2003). A careful and detailed inspection of numt duplication dynamics during human and primate genome evolution.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.56 , pp. 169-174
    • Hazkani-Covo, E.1    Sorek, R.2    Graur, D.3
  • 38
    • 0036073133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of organisation of human mitochondrial pseudogenes in the nuclear genome
    • Woischnik, M. & Moraes, C. T. Pattern of organisation of human mitochondrial pseudogenes in the nuclear genome. Genome Res. 12, 885-893 (2002).
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 885-893
    • Woischnik, M.1    Moraes, C.T.2
  • 39
    • 2442637641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numts in sequenced eukaryotic genomes
    • in the press
    • Richly, E. & Leister, D. Numts in sequenced eukaryotic genomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. (in the press).
    • Mol. Biol. Evol.
    • Richly, E.1    Leister, D.2
  • 40
    • 0033576611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Lin, X. Y. et al. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 402, 761-768 (1999). Reports a nearly complete, -270-kb copy of the 367-kb Arabidopsis mtDNA near the centromere.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 761-768
    • Lin, X.Y.1
  • 41
    • 0035942234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex mtDNA constitutes an approximate 620-kb insertion on Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2: Implication of potential sequencing errors caused by large-unit repeats
    • Stupar, R. M. et al. Complex mtDNA constitutes an approximate 620-kb insertion on Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2: implication of potential sequencing errors caused by large-unit repeats. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5099-5103 (2001). Shows that the 270-kb copy in reference 39 is really the complete 367-kb circle.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 5099-5103
    • Stupar, R.M.1
  • 42
    • 0034649566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
    • The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408, 796-815 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 796-815
  • 43
    • 0036047666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequencing of 239-kb region of rice chromosome 10L reveals a high frequency of gene duplication and a large chloroplast DNA insertion
    • Yuan, Q. et al. Genome sequencing of 239-kb region of rice chromosome 10L reveals a high frequency of gene duplication and a large chloroplast DNA insertion. Mol. Genet. Genom. 267, 713-720 (2002). First hints from genome sequences of large cpDNA chunks (>30 kb) that are integrated in nuclear chromosomes.
    • (2002) Mol. Genet. Genom. , vol.267 , pp. 713-720
    • Yuan, Q.1
  • 44
    • 0038581538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-depth view of structure, activity and evolution of rice chromosome 10
    • The Rice Chromosome 10 Sequencing Consortium. In-depth view of structure, activity and evolution of rice chromosome 10. Science 300, 1566-1569 (2003). Reports a nearly complete cpDNA genome chunk (130 kb) that is integrated in the nuclear chromosome.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1566-1569
  • 45
    • 0141788445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance of plastid DNA insertions in nuclear genomes of rice and Arabidopsis
    • Shahmuradov, I. A., Akbarova, Y. Y., Solovyev, V. V. & Aliyev, J. A. Abundance of plastid DNA insertions in nuclear genomes of rice and Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 52, 923-934 (2003).
    • (2003) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.52 , pp. 923-934
    • Shahmuradov, I.A.1    Akbarova, Y.Y.2    Solovyev, V.V.3    Aliyev, J.A.4
  • 46
    • 0003001059 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco nuclear DNA contains long tracts of homology to chloroplast DNA
    • Ayliffe, M. A. & Timmis, J. N. Tobacco nuclear DNA contains long tracts of homology to chloroplast DNA. Theor. Appl. Genet. 65, 229-238 (1992).
    • (1992) Theor. Appl. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 229-238
    • Ayliffe, M.A.1    Timmis, J.N.2
  • 47
    • 0026621038 scopus 로고
    • Plastid DNA sequence homologies in the tobacco nuclear genome
    • Ayliffe, M. A. & Timmis, J. N. Plastid DNA sequence homologies in the tobacco nuclear genome. Mol. Gen. Genet. 236, 105-112 (1992).
    • (1992) Mol. Gen. Genet. , vol.236 , pp. 105-112
    • Ayliffe, M.A.1    Timmis, J.N.2
  • 48
    • 0033561361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal mitochondrial genomes
    • Boore, J. L. Animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 1767-1780 (1999).
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1767-1780
    • Boore, J.L.1
  • 49
    • 0027213389 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial genome on its way to the nucleus: Different stages of gene transfer in higher plants
    • Brennicke, A., Grohmann, L., Hiesel, R., Knoop, V. & Schuster, W. The mitochondrial genome on its way to the nucleus: different stages of gene transfer in higher plants. FEBS Lett. 325, 140-145 (1993).
    • (1993) FEBS Lett. , vol.325 , pp. 140-145
    • Brennicke, A.1    Grohmann, L.2    Hiesel, R.3    Knoop, V.4    Schuster, W.5
  • 50
    • 0344719444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of mitochondrial gene content: Gene loss and transfer to the nucleus
    • Adams, K. L. & Palmer, J. D. Evolution of mitochondrial gene content: gene loss and transfer to the nucleus. Mol. Phylog. Evol. 29, 380-395 (2003). A lucid review of flowering plant mitochondrial gene migration to the nucleus.
    • (2003) Mol. Phylog. Evol. , vol.29 , pp. 380-395
    • Adams, K.L.1    Palmer, J.D.2
  • 51
    • 0034676438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated, recent and diverse transfers of a mitochondrial gene to the nucleus in flowering plants
    • Adams, K. L., Daley, D. O., Qiu, Y. L., Whelan, J. & Palmer, J. D. Repeated, recent and diverse transfers of a mitochondrial gene to the nucleus in flowering plants. Nature 408, 354-357 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 354-357
    • Adams, K.L.1    Daley, D.O.2    Qiu, Y.L.3    Whelan, J.4    Palmer, J.D.5
  • 52
    • 0037162534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punctuated evolution of mitochondrial gene content: High and variable rates of mitochondrial gene loss and transfer to the nucleus during angiosperm evolution
    • Adams, K. L., Qiu, Y.-L., Stoutemyer, M. & Palmer J. D. Punctuated evolution of mitochondrial gene content: high and variable rates of mitochondrial gene loss and transfer to the nucleus during angiosperm evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 9905-9912 (2002). A broad survey of mitochondrial genome reduction that is accompanied by nuclear integration events in flowering plant evolution.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 9905-9912
    • Adams, K.L.1    Qiu, Y.-L.2    Stoutemyer, M.3    Palmer, J.D.4
  • 53
    • 0035399772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are mitochondrial genes transferred to the nucleus?
    • Henze, K. & Martin, W. How are mitochondrial genes transferred to the nucleus? Trends Genet. 17, 383-387 (2001).
    • (2001) Trends Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 383-387
    • Henze, K.1    Martin, W.2
  • 54
    • 0029996029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape and migration of nucleic acids between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus
    • Thorsness, P. E. & Weber, E. R. Escape and migration of nucleic acids between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Int. Rev. Cytol. 165, 207-234 (1996). An excellent review that covers the mechanics of gene transfer from organelles to the nucleus in the pre-genome era.
    • (1996) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.165 , pp. 207-234
    • Thorsness, P.E.1    Weber, E.R.2
  • 55
    • 0034237205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organellar genes - Why do they end up in the nucleus?
    • Blanchard, J. L. & Lynch, M. Organellar genes - why do they end up in the nucleus? Trends Genet. 18, 315-320 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 315-320
    • Blanchard, J.L.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 56
    • 0040370341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of rps14 from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in maize implied integration within a gene encoding the iron-sulphur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase and expression by alternative splicing
    • Figueroa, P., Gomez, I., Holuigue, L., Araya, A. & Jordana, X. Transfer of rps14 from the mitochondrion to the nucleus in maize implied integration within a gene encoding the iron-sulphur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase and expression by alternative splicing. Plant J. 18, 601-609 (1999). Fortuitous recombination in the establishment of active gene transfers.
    • (1999) Plant J. , vol.18 , pp. 601-609
    • Figueroa, P.1    Gomez, I.2    Holuigue, L.3    Araya, A.4    Jordana, X.5
  • 57
    • 0033529792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single nuclear transcript encoding mitochondrial RPS14 and SSDHB of rice is processed by alternative splicing: Common use of the same mitochondrial targeting signal for different proteins
    • Kubo, N., Harada, K., Hirai, A. & Kadowaki, K. A single nuclear transcript encoding mitochondrial RPS14 and SSDHB of rice is processed by alternative splicing: common use of the same mitochondrial targeting signal for different proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 9207-9211 (1999). The establishment of active gene transfers can involve the recruitment of pre-existing transit peptide regions.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9207-9211
    • Kubo, N.1    Harada, K.2    Hirai, A.3    Kadowaki, K.4
  • 58
    • 0029824258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exon shuffling and the origin of the mitochondrial targeting function in plant cytochrome c1 precursor
    • Long, M., de Souza, S. J., Rosenberg, C. & Gilbert, W. Exon shuffling and the origin of the mitochondrial targeting function in plant cytochrome c1 precursor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7727-7731 (1996). Gene transfers can involve conversion of a pre-existing nuclear coding region for a cytosolic enzyme into a transit peptide.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 7727-7731
    • Long, M.1    De Souza, S.J.2    Rosenberg, C.3    Gilbert, W.4
  • 59
    • 0035056576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Many parallel losses of infA from chloroplast DNA during angiosperm evolution with multiple independent transfers to the nucleus
    • Millen, R. S. et al. Many parallel losses of infA from chloroplast DNA during angiosperm evolution with multiple independent transfers to the nucleus. Plant Cell 13, 645-658 (2001).
    • (2001) Plant Cell , vol.13 , pp. 645-658
    • Millen, R.S.1
  • 60
    • 0032516147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene transfer to the nucleus and the evolution of chloroplasts
    • Martin, W. et al. Gene transfer to the nucleus and the evolution of chloroplasts. Nature 393, 162-165 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 162-165
    • Martin, W.1
  • 61
    • 0031007907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ancestral mitochondrial DNA resembling a eubacterial genome in miniature
    • Lang, B. F. et al. An ancestral mitochondrial DNA resembling a eubacterial genome in miniature. Nature 367, 493-497 (1997). The still unsurpassed mitochondrial genome in terms of gene content and streamlined organization.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 493-497
    • Lang, B.F.1
  • 62
    • 0029047354 scopus 로고
    • A nuclear gene of eubacterial origin in Euglena gracilis reflects cryptic endosymbioses during protist evolution
    • Henze, K. et al. A nuclear gene of eubacterial origin in Euglena gracilis reflects cryptic endosymbioses during protist evolution. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9122-9126 (1995).
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 9122-9126
    • Henze, K.1
  • 63
    • 0033745897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic origin of a novel actin gene in the cryptophyte Pyrenomonas helgolandii
    • Stibitz, T. B., Keeling, P. J., & Bhattacharya, D. Symbiotic origin of a novel actin gene in the cryptophyte Pyrenomonas helgolandii. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 1731-1738 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 1731-1738
    • Stibitz, T.B.1    Keeling, P.J.2    Bhattacharya, D.3
  • 64
    • 0038714278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral gene transfer and the evolution of plastid-targeted proteins in the secondary plastid-containing alga Bigelowiella natans
    • Archibald, J. M., Rogers, M. B., Toop, M., Isheda, K. & Keeling, P. J. Lateral gene transfer and the evolution of plastid-targeted proteins in the secondary plastid-containing alga Bigelowiella natans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7678-7683 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 7678-7683
    • Archibald, J.M.1    Rogers, M.B.2    Toop, M.3    Isheda, K.4    Keeling, P.J.5
  • 65
    • 0037213560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroplast research in the genomics age
    • Leister, D. Chloroplast research in the genomics age. Trends Genet. 19, 47-56 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 47-56
    • Leister, D.1
  • 66
    • 0042266921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the protomitochondrial metabolism
    • Gabaldón, T. & Huynen, M. A. Reconstruction of the protomitochondrial metabolism. Science 301, 609 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 609
    • Gabaldón, T.1    Huynen, M.A.2
  • 67
    • 0030850422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the Calvin cycle from prokaryotic to eukaryotic chromosomes: A case study of functional redundancy in ancient pathways through endosymbiosis
    • Martin, W. & Schnarrenberger, C. The evolution of the Calvin cycle from prokaryotic to eukaryotic chromosomes: a case study of functional redundancy in ancient pathways through endosymbiosis. Curr. Genet. 32, 1-18 (1997).
    • (1997) Curr. Genet. , vol.32 , pp. 1-18
    • Martin, W.1    Schnarrenberger, C.2
  • 68
    • 0035934219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Arabidopsis chloroplast ribosomal protein L21 is encoded by a nuclear gene of mitochondrial origin
    • Gallois, J. L. et al. The Arabidopsis chloroplast ribosomal protein L21 is encoded by a nuclear gene of mitochondrial origin. Gene 274, 179-185 (2001).
    • (2001) Gene , vol.274 , pp. 179-185
    • Gallois, J.L.1
  • 69
    • 0035999379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in flowering plants are derived from their chloroplast or cytosolic counterparts
    • Adams, K. L. et al. Genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in flowering plants are derived from their chloroplast or cytosolic counterparts. Plant Cell 14, 931-943 (2002).
    • (2002) Plant Cell , vol.14 , pp. 931-943
    • Adams, K.L.1
  • 70
    • 0037306453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancient horizontal gene transfer
    • Brown, J. R. Ancient horizontal gene transfer. Nature Rev. Genet. 4, 121-132 (2003). An incisive review of gene movement across genomes, including the role of endosymbiotic transfers.
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Genet. , vol.4 , pp. 121-132
    • Brown, J.R.1
  • 71
    • 0041422250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genome sequence of Blochmannia floridanus: Comparative analysis of reduced genomes
    • Gil, R. et al. The genome sequence of Blochmannia floridanus: comparative analysis of reduced genomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9388-9393 (2003). Underscores how reductive evolution in endosymbiotic bacteria leads to massive gene losses through biochemical parasitism of the host.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 9388-9393
    • Gil, R.1
  • 72
    • 0141991994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA transfer from chloroplast to nucleus is much rarer in Chlamydomonas than in tobacco
    • Lister, D. L., Bateman, J. M., Purton, S. & Howe, C. J. DNA transfer from chloroplast to nucleus is much rarer in Chlamydomonas than in tobacco. Gene 316, 33-38 (2003).
    • (2003) Gene , vol.316 , pp. 33-38
    • Lister, D.L.1    Bateman, J.M.2    Purton, S.3    Howe, C.J.4
  • 73
    • 0038015611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary diversification of mitochondrial proteomes: Implications for human disease
    • Richly, E., Chinnery, P. F. & Leister, D. Evolutionary diversification of mitochondrial proteomes: implications for human disease. Trends Genet. 19, 356-362 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 356-362
    • Richly, E.1    Chinnery, P.F.2    Leister, D.3
  • 74
    • 1642276286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved prediction of chloroplast proteins reveals diversities and commonalities in the chloroplast proteomes of Arabidopsis and rice
    • in the press
    • Richly, E. & Leister, D. An improved prediction of chloroplast proteins reveals diversities and commonalities in the chloroplast proteomes of Arabidopsis and rice. Gene (in the press).
    • Gene
    • Richly, E.1    Leister, D.2
  • 75
    • 0142184341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast
    • Huh, W.-K. et al. Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425. 686-691 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 686-691
    • Huh, W.-K.1
  • 76
    • 0034700150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoprenoid biosynthesis: The evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes
    • Lange, B. M., Rujan, T., Martin, W. & Croteau, R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: the evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13172-13177 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 13172-13177
    • Lange, B.M.1    Rujan, T.2    Martin, W.3    Croteau, R.4
  • 77
    • 0036190131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants: A case study of endosymbiotic gene transfer
    • Schnarrenberger, C. & Martin, W. Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants: a case study of endosymbiotic gene transfer. Eur. J. Biochem. 269, 868-883 (2002).
    • (2002) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.269 , pp. 868-883
    • Schnarrenberger, C.1    Martin, W.2
  • 78
    • 0242354978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary connections between bacterial and eukaryotic signaling systems: A genomic perspective
    • Aravind, L., Anantharaman, V. & Iyer, L. M. Evolutionary connections between bacterial and eukaryotic signaling systems: a genomic perspective. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8, 490-497 (2003).
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.8 , pp. 490-497
    • Aravind, L.1    Anantharaman, V.2    Iyer, L.M.3
  • 79
    • 0345600249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The division of endosymbiotic organelles
    • Osteryoung, K. W. & Nunnari, J. The division of endosymbiotic organelles. Science 302, 1698-1704 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1698-1704
    • Osteryoung, K.W.1    Nunnari, J.2
  • 80
    • 0037386635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamin: The endosymbiosis ring of power?
    • McFadden, G. I. & Ralph, S. A. Dynamin: the endosymbiosis ring of power? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 3557-3559 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 3557-3559
    • McFadden, G.I.1    Ralph, S.A.2
  • 81
    • 0025325148 scopus 로고
    • Escape of DNA from the mitochondria to the nucleus in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Thorsness, P. E. & Fox, T. D. Escape of DNA from the mitochondria to the nucleus in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 346, 376-379 (1990). The initial experimental measurement of the frequency of transfer of DNA between genetic compartments.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 376-379
    • Thorsness, P.E.1    Fox, T.D.2
  • 82
    • 0027174162 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that affect the escape of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus
    • Thorsness, P. E. & Fox, T. D. Nuclear mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that affect the escape of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus. Genetics 134, 21-28 (1993).
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 21-28
    • Thorsness, P.E.1    Fox, T.D.2
  • 83
    • 0032854258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA escape to the nucleus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Shafer, K. S., Hanekamp, T., White, K. H. & Thorsness, P. E. Mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA escape to the nucleus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Genet. 36, 183-194 (1999).
    • (1999) Curr. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 183-194
    • Shafer, K.S.1    Hanekamp, T.2    White, K.H.3    Thorsness, P.E.4
  • 84
    • 0242669385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of the transfer rate of chloroplast DNA into the nucleus
    • Huang, C. Y., Ayliffe, M. A. & Timmis, J. N. Direct measurement of the transfer rate of chloroplast DNA into the nucleus. Nature 422, 72-76 (2003). The initial experimental measurement of the frequency of integrative transfer of DNA between chloroplast and nucleus.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 72-76
    • Huang, C.Y.1    Ayliffe, M.A.2    Timmis, J.N.3
  • 85
    • 0042760348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency gene transfer from the chloroplast genome to the nucleus
    • Stegemann, S., Hartmann, S., Ruf, S. & Bock, R. High-frequency gene transfer from the chloroplast genome to the nucleus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 8828-8833 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 8828-8833
    • Stegemann, S.1    Hartmann, S.2    Ruf, S.3    Bock, R.4
  • 86
    • 0031694197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape of mitochondrial DNA to the nucleus in yme1 yeast is mediated by vacuolar-dependent turnover of abnormal mitochondrial compartments
    • Campbell, C. L. & Thorsness, P. E. Escape of mitochondrial DNA to the nucleus in yme1 yeast is mediated by vacuolar-dependent turnover of abnormal mitochondrial compartments. J. Cell Sci. 111, 2455-2464 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Cell Sci. , vol.111 , pp. 2455-2464
    • Campbell, C.L.1    Thorsness, P.E.2
  • 87
    • 0026673471 scopus 로고
    • New evidence for the insertion of mitochondrial DNA into the human genome: Significance for cancer and aging
    • Shay, J. W. & Werbin, H. New evidence for the insertion of mitochondrial DNA into the human genome: significance for cancer and aging. Mutat. Res. 275, 227-235 (1992).
    • (1992) Mutat. Res. , vol.275 , pp. 227-235
    • Shay, J.W.1    Werbin, H.2
  • 88
    • 0037359926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetic disease caused by de novo mitochondrial-nuclear DNA transfer
    • Turner, C. et al. Human genetic disease caused by de novo mitochondrial-nuclear DNA transfer. Hum. Genet. 112, 303-309 (2003).
    • (2003) Hum. Genet. , vol.112 , pp. 303-309
    • Turner, C.1
  • 89
    • 0038380988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins for DNA and RNA metabolism are clustered in the Arabidopsis genome
    • Elo, A. et al. Nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins for DNA and RNA metabolism are clustered in the Arabidopsis genome. Plant Cell 15, 1619-1631 (2003).
    • (2003) Plant Cell , vol.15 , pp. 1619-1631
    • Elo, A.1
  • 90
    • 0013135236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariations in the nuclear chloroplast transcriptome reveal a regulatory master-switch
    • Richly, E. et al. Covariations in the nuclear chloroplast transcriptome reveal a regulatory master-switch. EMBO Rep. 4, 491-498 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 491-498
    • Richly, E.1
  • 91
    • 0037471674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles
    • Allen, J. F. The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 358, 19-38 (2003). A comprehensive treatment of competing views on the issue of why some genes remain within organelle genomes.
    • (2003) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B , vol.358 , pp. 19-38
    • Allen, J.F.1
  • 92
    • 0346041565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase in chlamydomonad algae is a heterodimer encoded by two independent nuclear genes
    • Pérez-Martínez, X. et al. Subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase in chlamydomonad algae is a heterodimer encoded by two independent nuclear genes. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 11302-11309 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 11302-11309
    • Pérez-Martínez, X.1
  • 93
    • 0036678103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular gene transfer: Reduced hydrophobicity facilitates gene transfer for subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase
    • Daley, D. O. et al. Intracellular gene transfer: reduced hydrophobicity facilitates gene transfer for subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 10510-15015 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 10510-15015
    • Daley, D.O.1
  • 94
    • 0033580325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression
    • Pfannschmidt, T., Nilsson, A., & Allen, J. F. Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression. Nature 397, 625-628 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 625-628
    • Pfannschmidt, T.1    Nilsson, A.2    Allen, J.F.3
  • 95
    • 0037238395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among COX1, COX2, and COX3 mRNA-specific translational activator proteins on the inner surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Naithani S., Saracco S. A., Butler C. A. & Fox T. D. Interactions among COX1, COX2, and COX3 mRNA-specific translational activator proteins on the inner surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 324-333 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.14 , pp. 324-333
    • Naithani, S.1    Saracco, S.A.2    Butler, C.A.3    Fox, T.D.4
  • 96
    • 0032404453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You are what you eat: A gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes
    • Doolittle, W. F. You are what you eat: a gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Trends Genet. 14, 307-311 (1998).
    • (1998) Trends Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 307-311
    • Doolittle, W.F.1
  • 97
    • 0033199778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why have organelles retained genomes?
    • Race, H. L., Herrmann, R. G. & Martin, W. Why have organelles retained genomes? Trends Genet. 15, 364-370 (1999).
    • (1999) Trends Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 364-370
    • Race, H.L.1    Herrmann, R.G.2    Martin, W.3
  • 98
    • 0036061848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome size reduction through illegitimate recombination counteracts genome expansion in Arabidopsis
    • Devos, K. M., Brown, J. K. M. & Bennetzen J. L. Genome size reduction through illegitimate recombination counteracts genome expansion in Arabidopsis. Genome Res. 12. 1075-1079 (2002).
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1075-1079
    • Devos, K.M.1    Brown, J.K.M.2    Bennetzen, J.L.3
  • 99
    • 0042307520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene transfers from organelles to the nucleus: Frequent and in big chunks
    • Martin, W. Gene transfers from organelles to the nucleus: frequent and in big chunks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 8612-8614 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 8612-8614
    • Martin, W.1
  • 100
    • 0036008774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering the plastid genome of higher plants
    • Maliga, P. Engineering the plastid genome of higher plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5, 164-172 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 164-172
    • Maliga, P.1
  • 101
    • 0037382918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jumping genes and containment
    • Daniell, H. & Parkinson, C. L. Jumping genes and containment. Nature Biotechnol. 21, 374-375 (2003). A challenge to the experimental data for gene transfer from chloroplasts by proponents of plastid transgene technology, rebutted head-to-head in reference 101.
    • (2003) Nature Biotechnol. , vol.21 , pp. 374-375
    • Daniell, H.1    Parkinson, C.L.2
  • 103
    • 0037471691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origins of cells: A hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells
    • Martin, W. & Russell, M. On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 358, 59-85 (2003).
    • (2003) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.358 , pp. 59-85
    • Martin, W.1    Russell, M.2
  • 104
    • 0037471694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How big is the iceberg of which organellar genes in nuclear genomes are but the tip?
    • Doolittle, W. F. et al. How big is the iceberg of which organellar genes in nuclear genomes are but the tip? Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 358, 39-57 (2003).
    • (2003) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.358 , pp. 39-57
    • Doolittle, W.F.1
  • 105
    • 0025300402 scopus 로고
    • Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains archaea, bacteria and eucarya
    • Woese, C., Kandler, O. & Wheelis, M. L. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains archaea, bacteria and eucarya. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 4576-4579 (1990). The current higher-level taxonomic model, with eukaryotes as sisters to archaebacteria.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 4576-4579
    • Woese, C.1    Kandler, O.2    Wheelis, M.L.3
  • 106
    • 0032568587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic evidence for two functionally distinct gene classes
    • Rivera, M. C., Jain, R., Moore, J. E. & Lake, J. A. Genomic evidence for two functionally distinct gene classes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 6239-6244 (1998). A landmark paper that uncovers more eubacterial genes than archaebacterial genes in the yeast genome.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 6239-6244
    • Rivera, M.C.1    Jain, R.2    Moore, J.E.3    Lake, J.A.4
  • 107
    • 0019951634 scopus 로고
    • Testing the theory of evolution by comparing phylogenetic trees constructed from five different protein sequences
    • Penny, D., Foulds, L. R. & Hendy, M. D. Testing the theory of evolution by comparing phylogenetic trees constructed from five different protein sequences. Nature 297, 197-200 (1982).
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 197-200
    • Penny, D.1    Foulds, L.R.2    Hendy, M.D.3
  • 108
    • 0029096506 scopus 로고
    • Sampling properties of DNA-sequence data in phylogenetic analysis
    • Cummings, M. P., Otto, S. P. & Wakeley, J. Sampling properties of DNA-sequence data in phylogenetic analysis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12, 814-822 (1995).
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 814-822
    • Cummings, M.P.1    Otto, S.P.2    Wakeley, J.3
  • 110
    • 0242365676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-scale approaches to resolving incongruence in molecular phylogenies
    • Rokas, A., Williams, B. L., King, N. & Carroll, S. B. Genome-scale approaches to resolving incongruence in molecular phylogenies. Nature 425, 798-804 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 798-804
    • Rokas, A.1    Williams, B.L.2    King, N.3    Carroll, S.B.4
  • 111
    • 0036898759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prokaryotic evolution in light of lateral gene transfer
    • Gogarten P. J., Doolittle W. F. & Lawrence J. G. Prokaryotic evolution in light of lateral gene transfer. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 2226-2238 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 2226-2238
    • Gogarten, P.J.1    Doolittle, W.F.2    Lawrence, J.G.3
  • 112
    • 1642534172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genomic timescale for the origin of eukaryotes
    • Hedges, S. B. et al. A genomic timescale for the origin of eukaryotes. BMC Evol. Biol. 1, 4 (2001).
    • (2001) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 4
    • Hedges, S.B.1
  • 113
    • 0037022287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of the eukaryotic cell: A genomic investigation
    • Hartman, H. & Fedorov, A. The origin of the eukaryotic cell: a genomic investigation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1420-1425 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 1420-1425
    • Hartman, H.1    Fedorov, A.2
  • 114
    • 0037025197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion
    • Stechmann, A. & Cavalier Smith, T. Rooting the eukaryote tree by using a derived gene fusion. Science 297, 89-91 (2002). A milestone relating to the issue of which eukaryotes might ba the most ancient.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 89-91
    • Stechmann, A.1    Cavalier Smith, T.2
  • 115
    • 0037195120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome fragment of Wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to X chromosome of host insect
    • Kondo, N., Nikoh, N., Ijichi, N., Shimada, M. & Fukatsu, T. Genome fragment of Wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to X chromosome of host insect. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14286-14285 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 14286-14285
    • Kondo, N.1    Nikoh, N.2    Ijichi, N.3    Shimada, M.4    Fukatsu, T.5
  • 116
    • 0030969942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein import into mitochondria
    • Neupert, W. Protein import into mitochondria. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 66, 683-717 (1997).
    • (1997) Ann. Rev. Biochem. , vol.66 , pp. 683-717
    • Neupert, W.1
  • 117
    • 2642689666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote
    • Martin, W. & Müller, M. The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote. Nature 392, 37-41 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 37-41
    • Martin, W.1    Müller, M.2
  • 118
    • 0036883476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein import into chloroplasts
    • Soll, J. Protein import into chloroplasts. Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol. 5, 529-535 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 529-535
    • Soll, J.1
  • 119
    • 0034064386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes: What's the difference?
    • Bendich, A. J. & Drlica, K. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes: what's the difference? BioEssays 22, 481-486 (2000). An enlightening survey of chromosome attributes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • (2000) BioEssays , vol.22 , pp. 481-486
    • Bendich, A.J.1    Drlica, K.2
  • 120
    • 0035671887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inheritance of genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts: Laws, mechanisms and models
    • Birky, C. W. The inheritance of genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts: laws, mechanisms and models. Annu. Rev. Genet. 35, 126-148 (2001).
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 126-148
    • Birky, C.W.1
  • 121
    • 0035197418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of endosymbiotic models for the origins of eukaryotes, their ATP-producing organelles (mitochondria and hydrogenosomes), and their heterotrophic lifestyle
    • Martin, W., Hoffmeister, M., Rotte, C. & Henze, K. An overview of endosymbiotic models for the origins of eukaryotes, their ATP-producing organelles (mitochondria and hydrogenosomes), and their heterotrophic lifestyle. Biol. Chem. 362, 1521-1539 (2001).
    • (2001) Biol. Chem. , vol.362 , pp. 1521-1539
    • Martin, W.1    Hoffmeister, M.2    Rotte, C.3    Henze, K.4
  • 122
    • 0033784751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: Implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes
    • Butterfield, N. J. Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.: implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes. Paleobiology 26, 386-404 (2000). A fossil red algae of 1.2 billion years of age anchors plant evolution in the Precambrian age.
    • (2000) Paleobiology , vol.26 , pp. 386-404
    • Butterfield, N.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.