메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 1770-1777

Inhibitory action of clozapine on rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons following increased levels of endogenous kynurenic acid

Author keywords

Bursts; Electrophysiology; Haloperidol; NMDA; PNU 156561A; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; DOPAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; KYNURENIC ACID; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE; PNU 156561 A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUTYRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FCE 28833;

EID: 0642308239     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300255     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 0015609958 scopus 로고
    • Effect of clozapine on the turnover of dopamine in the corpus striatum and in the limbic system
    • Andén NE, Stock G (1973). Effect of clozapine on the turnover of dopamine in the corpus striatum and in the limbic system. J Pharm Pharmacol 25: 346-348.
    • (1973) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 346-348
    • Andén, N.E.1    Stock, G.2
  • 3
    • 0030881619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and haloperidol modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate- And non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in rat prefrontal cortical neurons in vitro
    • Arvanov VL, Liang X, Schwartz J, Grossman S, Wang RY (1997). Clozapine and haloperidol modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate- and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in rat prefrontal cortical neurons in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283: 226-234.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.283 , pp. 226-234
    • Arvanov, V.L.1    Liang, X.2    Schwartz, J.3    Grossman, S.4    Wang, R.Y.5
  • 4
    • 0017286135 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of neuroleptic drugs on dopamine turnover in the extrapyramidal and limbic system
    • Bartholini G (1976). Differential effect of neuroleptic drugs on dopamine turnover in the extrapyramidal and limbic system. J Pharm Pharmacol 28: 429-433.
    • (1976) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 429-433
    • Bartholini, G.1
  • 5
    • 0023783911 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenic acid antagonises responses to NMDA via an action at the strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor
    • Birch PJ, Grossman CJ, Hayes AG (1988). Kynurenic acid antagonises responses to NMDA via an action at the strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 154: 85-87.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.154 , pp. 85-87
    • Birch, P.J.1    Grossman, C.J.2    Hayes, A.G.3
  • 6
    • 0028785179 scopus 로고
    • New insights into the biology of schizophrenia through the mechanism of action of clozapine
    • Brunello N, Masotto C, Steardo L, Markstein R, Racagni G (1995). New insights into the biology of schizophrenia through the mechanism of action of clozapine. Neuropsychopharmacology 13: 177-213.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.13 , pp. 177-213
    • Brunello, N.1    Masotto, C.2    Steardo, L.3    Markstein, R.4    Racagni, G.5
  • 7
    • 0025184036 scopus 로고
    • Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotics to 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 sites: Clozapine potently interacts with 5-HT1C sites
    • Canton H, Verriele L, Colpaert FC (1990). Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotics to 5-HT1C and 5-HT2 sites: clozapine potently interacts with 5-HT1C sites. Eur J Pharmacol 191: 93-96.
    • (1990) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.191 , pp. 93-96
    • Canton, H.1    Verriele, L.2    Colpaert, F.C.3
  • 9
    • 0033770944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA-containing neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area project to the prefrontal cortex
    • Carr DB, Sesack SR (2000). GABA-containing neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area project to the prefrontal cortex. Synapse 38: 114-123.
    • (2000) Synapse , vol.38 , pp. 114-123
    • Carr, D.B.1    Sesack, S.R.2
  • 10
    • 0020576408 scopus 로고
    • Typical and atypical neuroleptics: Differential effects of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and A10 midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • Chiodo LA, Bunney BS (1983). Typical and atypical neuroleptics: differential effects of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and A10 midbrain dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci 3: 1607-1619.
    • (1983) J Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 1607-1619
    • Chiodo, L.A.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 11
    • 0021934560 scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanisms by which repeated clozapine administration differentially affects the activity of two subpopulations of midbrain dopamine neurons
    • Chiodo LA, Bunney BS (1985). Possible mechanisms by which repeated clozapine administration differentially affects the activity of two subpopulations of midbrain dopamine neurons. J Neurosci 5: 2539-2544.
    • (1985) J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 2539-2544
    • Chiodo, L.A.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 13
    • 0026516298 scopus 로고
    • General pharmacology of clozapine
    • Coward DM (1992). General pharmacology of clozapine. Br J Psychiatry Suppl (17): 5-11.
    • (1992) Br J Psychiatry Suppl , Issue.17 , pp. 5-11
    • Coward, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 0026011938 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Implications for novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia
    • Deutch AY, Moghaddam B, Innis RB, Krystal JH, Aghajanian GK, Bunney BS et al (1991). Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Implications for novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 4: 121-156.
    • (1991) Schizophr Res , vol.4 , pp. 121-156
    • Deutch, A.Y.1    Moghaddam, B.2    Innis, R.B.3    Krystal, J.H.4    Aghajanian, G.K.5    Bunney, B.S.6
  • 17
    • 0034263540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitation of nigral dopamine neurons by the GABA-A-receptor agonist muscimol is mediated via a release of glutamate
    • Erhardt S, Engberg G (2000). Excitation of nigral dopamine neurons by the GABA-A-receptor agonist muscimol is mediated via a release of glutamate. Life Sci 67: 1901-1911.
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.67 , pp. 1901-1911
    • Erhardt, S.1    Engberg, G.2
  • 18
    • 0036096937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased phasic activity of dopaminergic neurones in the rat ventral tegmental area following pharmacologically elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid
    • Erhardt S, Engberg G (2002). Increased phasic activity of dopaminergic neurones in the rat ventral tegmental area following pharmacologically elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid. Acta Physiol Scand 175: 45-53.
    • (2002) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.175 , pp. 45-53
    • Erhardt, S.1    Engberg, G.2
  • 19
    • 0033939657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine induced excitation of locus coeruleus neurons is blocked by elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid
    • Erhardt S, Hajos M, Lindberg A, Engberg G (2000). Nicotine induced excitation of locus coeruleus neurons is blocked by elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid. Synapse 37: 104-108.
    • (2000) Synapse , vol.37 , pp. 104-108
    • Erhardt, S.1    Hajos, M.2    Lindberg, A.3    Engberg, G.4
  • 21
    • 0035161802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologically elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid prevent nicotine-induced activation of nigral dopamine neurons
    • Erhardt S, Öberg H, Engberg G (2001b). Pharmacologically elevated levels of endogenous kynurenic acid prevent nicotine-induced activation of nigral dopamine neurons. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 363: 21-27.
    • (2001) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol , vol.363 , pp. 21-27
    • Erhardt, S.1    Öberg, H.2    Engberg, G.3
  • 22
    • 0035005620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological elevation of endogenous kynurenic acid levels activates nigral dopamine neurons
    • Erhardt S, Öberg H, Mathé JM, Engberg G (2001a). Pharmacological elevation of endogenous kynurenic acid levels activates nigral dopamine neurons. Amino Acids 20: 353-362.
    • (2001) Amino Acids , vol.20 , pp. 353-362
    • Erhardt, S.1    Öberg, H.2    Mathé, J.M.3    Engberg, G.4
  • 23
    • 0037086845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory and inhibitory responses of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to nicotine
    • Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Engberg G (2002a). Excitatory and inhibitory responses of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to nicotine. Synapse 43: 227-237.
    • (2002) Synapse , vol.43 , pp. 227-237
    • Erhardt, S.1    Schwieler, L.2    Engberg, G.3
  • 24
    • 0036641749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Cycloserine added to risperidone in patients with primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia
    • Evins AE, Amico E, Posever TA, Toker R, Goff DC (2002). D-Cycloserine added to risperidone in patients with primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 56: 19-23.
    • (2002) Schizophr Res , vol.56 , pp. 19-23
    • Evins, A.E.1    Amico, E.2    Posever, T.A.3    Toker, R.4    Goff, D.C.5
  • 25
    • 0026718710 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Relation to extrapyramidal side effects
    • Farde L, Nordstrom AL, Wiesel FA, Pauli S, Halldin C, Sedvall G (1992). Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Relation to extrapyramidal side effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 538-544.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 538-544
    • Farde, L.1    Nordstrom, A.L.2    Wiesel, F.A.3    Pauli, S.4    Halldin, C.5    Sedvall, G.6
  • 26
    • 0028050460 scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine and the midbrain dopamine system: Electrophysiology and behavior
    • French ED (1994). Phencyclidine and the midbrain dopamine system: electrophysiology and behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 16: 355-362.
    • (1994) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.16 , pp. 355-362
    • French, E.D.1
  • 27
    • 0027415928 scopus 로고
    • MK-801, phencyclidine (PCP), and PCP-like drugs increase burst firing in rat A10 dopamine neurons: Comparison to competitive NMDA antagonists
    • French ED, Mura A, Wang T (1993). MK-801, phencyclidine (PCP), and PCP-like drugs increase burst firing in rat A10 dopamine neurons: comparison to competitive NMDA antagonists. Synapse 13: 108-116.
    • (1993) Synapse , vol.13 , pp. 108-116
    • French, E.D.1    Mura, A.2    Wang, T.3
  • 28
    • 0022657227 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid act at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus
    • Ganong AH, Cotman CW (1986). Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid act at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 236: 293-299.
    • (1986) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.236 , pp. 293-299
    • Ganong, A.H.1    Cotman, C.W.2
  • 29
    • 0036001464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving outcome in schizophrenia: The potential importance of EPS and neuroleptic dysphoria
    • Gerlach J (2002). Improving outcome in schizophrenia: the potential importance of EPS and neuroleptic dysphoria. Ann Clin Psychiatry 14: 47-57.
    • (2002) Ann Clin Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 47-57
    • Gerlach, J.1
  • 30
    • 0034050617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of haloperidol, clozapine, and olanzapine effects on electrical activity of mesocortical dopamine neurons and dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
    • Gessa GL, Devoto P, Diana M, Flore G, Melis M, Pistis M (2000). Dissociation of haloperidol, clozapine, and olanzapine effects on electrical activity of mesocortical dopamine neurons and dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 22: 642-649.
    • (2000) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.22 , pp. 642-649
    • Gessa, G.L.1    Devoto, P.2    Diana, M.3    Flore, G.4    Melis, M.5    Pistis, M.6
  • 31
    • 0032902238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia
    • Goff DC, Tsai G, Levitt J, Amico E, Manoach D, Schoenfeld DA et al (1999). A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 21-27.
    • (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 21-27
    • Goff, D.C.1    Tsai, G.2    Levitt, J.3    Amico, E.4    Manoach, D.5    Schoenfeld, D.A.6
  • 32
    • 0021714346 scopus 로고
    • The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: Single spike firing
    • Grace AA, Bunney BS (1984a). The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: single spike firing. J Neurosci 4: 2866-2876.
    • (1984) J Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 2866-2876
    • Grace, A.A.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 33
    • 0021718376 scopus 로고
    • The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: Burst firing
    • Grace AA, Bunney BS (1984b). The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing. J Neurosci 4: 2877-2890.
    • (1984) J Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 2877-2890
    • Grace, A.A.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 35
    • 0001182422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of D-cycloserine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
    • Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, Silipo G, Shimoni J (1998). Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of D-cycloserine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 1: 131-135.
    • (1998) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 131-135
    • Heresco-Levy, U.1    Javitt, D.C.2    Ermilov, M.3    Silipo, G.4    Shimoni, J.5
  • 36
    • 0035478066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: Physiopathological implications
    • Hilmas C, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rassoulpour A, Schwarcz R, Albuquerque EX (2001). The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications. J Neurosci 21: 7463-7473.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 7463-7473
    • Hilmas, C.1    Pereira, E.F.2    Alkondon, M.3    Rassoulpour, A.4    Schwarcz, R.5    Albuquerque, E.X.6
  • 37
    • 0037036059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors minimally contribute to clozapine-induced acetylcholine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex
    • Ichikawa J, Dai J, Meltzer HY (2002). 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors minimally contribute to clozapine-induced acetylcholine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 939: 34-42.
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.939 , pp. 34-42
    • Ichikawa, J.1    Dai, J.2    Meltzer, H.Y.3
  • 38
    • 0035096016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT(2A) and D(2) receptor blockade increases cortical DA release via 5-HT(1A) receptor activation: A possible mechanism of atypical antipsychotic-induced cortical dopamine release
    • Ichikawa J, Ishii H, Bonaccorso S, Fowler WL, O'Laughlin IA, Meltzer HY (2001). 5-HT(2A) and D(2) receptor blockade increases cortical DA release via 5-HT(1A) receptor activation: a possible mechanism of atypical antipsychotic-induced cortical dopamine release. J Neurochem 76: 1521-1531.
    • (2001) J Neurochem , vol.76 , pp. 1521-1531
    • Ichikawa, J.1    Ishii, H.2    Bonaccorso, S.3    Fowler, W.L.4    O'Laughlin, I.A.5    Meltzer, H.Y.6
  • 40
    • 0027429661 scopus 로고
    • GABA and enkephalin projection from the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to the ventral tegmental area
    • Kalivas PW, Churchill L, Klitenick MA (1993). GABA and enkephalin projection from the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to the ventral tegmental area. Neuroscience 57: 1047-1060.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.57 , pp. 1047-1060
    • Kalivas, P.W.1    Churchill, L.2    Klitenick, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 0024564076 scopus 로고
    • A glycine site associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors: Characterization and identification of a new class of antagonists
    • Kessler M, Terramani T, Lynch G, Baudry M (1989). A glycine site associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors: characterization and identification of a new class of antagonists. J Neurochem 52: 1319-1328.
    • (1989) J Neurochem , vol.52 , pp. 1319-1328
    • Kessler, M.1    Terramani, T.2    Lynch, G.3    Baudry, M.4
  • 42
    • 0029096914 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors
    • McGehee DS, Heath MJ, Gelber S, Devay P, Role LW (1995). Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors. Science 269: 1692-1696.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1692-1696
    • McGehee, D.S.1    Heath, M.J.2    Gelber, S.3    Devay, P.4    Role, L.W.5
  • 43
    • 0026357347 scopus 로고
    • Effects of antipsychotic drugs on serotonin receptors
    • Meltzer HY, Nash JF (1991). Effects of antipsychotic drugs on serotonin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 43: 587-604.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Rev , vol.43 , pp. 587-604
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Nash, J.F.2
  • 44
    • 0025239750 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the release of dopamine from prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum of the rat: An in vivo microdialysis study
    • Moghaddam B, Bunney BS (1990). Acute effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the release of dopamine from prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum of the rat: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurochem 54: 1755-1760.
    • (1990) J Neurochem , vol.54 , pp. 1755-1760
    • Moghaddam, B.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 45
    • 0027406714 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) on rat midbrain dopamine cell activity: Differential actions of firing pattern related to anatomical localization
    • Murase S, Mathé JM, Grenhoff J, Svensson TH (1993). Effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) on rat midbrain dopamine cell activity: differential actions of firing pattern related to anatomical localization. J Neural Transm 91: 13-25.
    • (1993) J Neural Transm , vol.91 , pp. 13-25
    • Murase, S.1    Mathé, J.M.2    Grenhoff, J.3    Svensson, T.H.4
  • 46
  • 47
    • 14444285260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel systemically active antagonists of the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: Electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral characterization
    • Parsons CG, Danysz W, Quack G, Hartmann S, Lorenz B, Wollenburg C et al (1997). Novel systemically active antagonists of the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283: 1264-1275.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.283 , pp. 1264-1275
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Danysz, W.2    Quack, G.3    Hartmann, S.4    Lorenz, B.5    Wollenburg, C.6
  • 49
    • 0018646928 scopus 로고
    • Afferent projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus: A horse-radish peroxidase study in the rat
    • Phillipson OT (1979). Afferent projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus: a horse-radish peroxidase study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 187: 117-144.
    • (1979) J Comp Neurol , vol.187 , pp. 117-144
    • Phillipson, O.T.1
  • 50
    • 0027939061 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that systemically administered dopamine antagonists activate dopamine neuron firing primarily by blockade of somatodendritic autoreceptors
    • Pucak ML, Grace AA (1994). Evidence that systemically administered dopamine antagonists activate dopamine neuron firing primarily by blockade of somatodendritic autoreceptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271: 1181-1192.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.271 , pp. 1181-1192
    • Pucak, M.L.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 51
    • 0029912532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of haloperidol on the activity and membrane physiology of substantia nigra dopamine neurons recorded in vitro
    • Pucak ML, Grace AA (1996). Effects of haloperidol on the activity and membrane physiology of substantia nigra dopamine neurons recorded in vitro. Brain Res 713: 44-52.
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.713 , pp. 44-52
    • Pucak, M.L.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 53
    • 0024367892 scopus 로고
    • Topographical organization of the efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: An anterograde tract-tracing study with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
    • Sesack SR, Deutch AY, Roth RH, Bunney BS (1989). Topographical organization of the efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: an anterograde tract-tracing study with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. J Comp Neurol 290: 213-242.
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.290 , pp. 213-242
    • Sesack, S.R.1    Deutch, A.Y.2    Roth, R.H.3    Bunney, B.S.4
  • 54
    • 0016134852 scopus 로고
    • Antischizophrenic drugs: Affinity for muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites in the brain predicts extrapyramidal effects
    • Snyder SH, Greenberg D, Yamumura HI (1974). Antischizophrenic drugs: affinity for muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites in the brain predicts extrapyramidal effects. J Psychiatr Res 11: 91-95.
    • (1974) J Psychiatr Res , vol.11 , pp. 91-95
    • Snyder, S.H.1    Greenberg, D.2    Yamumura, H.I.3
  • 55
    • 0030597322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (R,S)-3,4-dichlorobenzoylalanine (FCE 28833A) causes a large and persistent increase in brain kynurenic acid levels in rats
    • Speciale C, Wu HQ, Cini M, Marconi M, Varasi M, Schwarcz R (1996). (R,S)-3,4-dichlorobenzoylalanine (FCE 28833A) causes a large and persistent increase in brain kynurenic acid levels in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 315: 263-267.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.315 , pp. 263-267
    • Speciale, C.1    Wu, H.Q.2    Cini, M.3    Marconi, M.4    Varasi, M.5    Schwarcz, R.6
  • 56
    • 0031761726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and several other antipsychotic/antidepressant drugs preferentially block the same 'core' fraction of GABA(A) receptors
    • Squires RF, Saederup E (1998). Clozapine and several other antipsychotic/antidepressant drugs preferentially block the same 'core' fraction of GABA(A) receptors. Neurochem Res 23: 1283-1290.
    • (1998) Neurochem Res , vol.23 , pp. 1283-1290
    • Squires, R.F.1    Saederup, E.2
  • 57
    • 0032403626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Tsai G, Yang P, Chung LC, Lange N, Coyle JT (1998). D-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 44: 1081-1089.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 1081-1089
    • Tsai, G.1    Yang, P.2    Chung, L.C.3    Lange, N.4    Coyle, J.T.5
  • 58
    • 0025752641 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenate blocks the acute effects of haloperidol on midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in vivo
    • Tung CS, Grenhoff J, Svensson TH (1991). Kynurenate blocks the acute effects of haloperidol on midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in vivo. J Neural Transm Gen Sect 84: 53-64.
    • (1991) J Neural Transm Gen Sect , vol.84 , pp. 53-64
    • Tung, C.S.1    Grenhoff, J.2    Svensson, T.H.3
  • 59
    • 0026427253 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine
    • Van Tol HH, Bunzow JR, Guan HC, Sunahara RK, Seeman P, Niznik HB et al (1991). Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine. Nature 350: 610-614.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 610-614
    • Van Tol, H.H.1    Bunzow, J.R.2    Guan, H.C.3    Sunahara, R.K.4    Seeman, P.5    Niznik, H.B.6
  • 60
    • 0019849229 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area; I. Identification and characterization
    • Wang RY (1981). Dopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area; I. Identification and characterization. Brain Res Rev 3: 123-140.
    • (1981) Brain Res Rev , vol.3 , pp. 123-140
    • Wang, R.Y.1
  • 61
    • 78651139750 scopus 로고
    • The variability of central neural activity in a sensory system and its implication for the central reflection of sensory events
    • Werner G, Mountcastle VB (1963). The variability of central neural activity in a sensory system and its implication for the central reflection of sensory events. J Neurophysiol 26: 958-977.
    • (1963) J Neurophysiol , vol.26 , pp. 958-977
    • Werner, G.1    Mountcastle, V.B.2
  • 62
    • 0020637803 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons
    • White FJ, Wang RY (1983). Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons. Science 221: 1054-1057.
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 1054-1057
    • White, F.J.1    Wang, R.Y.2
  • 63
    • 0034732114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic nicotinic receptors modulating dopamine release in the rat striatum
    • Wonnacott S, Kaiser S, Mogg A, Soliakov L, Jones IW (2000). Presynaptic nicotinic receptors modulating dopamine release in the rat striatum. Eur J Pharmacol 393: 51-58.
    • (2000) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.393 , pp. 51-58
    • Wonnacott, S.1    Kaiser, S.2    Mogg, A.3    Soliakov, L.4    Jones, I.W.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.