Cytomegalovirus disease in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Current Infectious Disease Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 257-265

  Drew, William Lawrence ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CIDOFOVIR; DNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; FOMIVIRSEN; FOSCARNET; GANCICLOVIR; VALGANCICLOVIR; VIRUS RNA;

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CULTURE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; GENE MUTATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MYELITIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; RADICULOPATHY; RETINITIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SALVAGE THERAPY; UVEITIS; VIREMIA; VIRUS CULTURE; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS RESISTANCE;

EID: 0348213581     PISSN: 15233847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-003-0082-y     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Drew WL, Mintz L, Miner RC, et al.: Prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1981, 143:188-192.
2. Mintz L, Drew WI, Miner RC, Braff EH: Cytomegalovirus infections in homosexual men: an epidemiological study. Ann Intern Med 1983, 99:326-329.
3. Shinkai M, Bozette SA, Powderly W, et al.: Utility of urine and leukocyte cultures and plasma DNA polymerase chain reaction for identification of AIDS patients at risk for developing human cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Dis 1997, 175:302-308.
4. O'Sullivan CE, Drew WL, McMullen DJ, et al.: Decrease of cytomegalvovirus replication in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1999, 180:847-849.
5. Deayton J, Mocroft A, Wilson P, et al.: Loss of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia following highly active antiretroviral therapy in the absence of specific anti-CMV therapy. AIDS 1999, 13:1203-1206.
6. Stone SF, Price P, Tay-Kearney M-L, French MA: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis immune restoration disease occurs during highly active antiretroviral therapy - induced restoration of CMV-specific immune responses within a predominant Th2 cytokine environment. J Infect Dis 2002, 185:1813-1817.
7. Jacobson MA, Stanley H, Holtzer C, et al.: Natural history and outcome of new AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis diagnosed in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 30:231-233.
8. Spector SA, Weingeist T, Pollard RE, et al.: Randomized, controlled study of intravenous ganciclovir therapy for cytomegalovirus peripheral retinitis in patients with AIDS. AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Cytomegalovirus Cooperative Study Group. J Infect Dis 1993, 168:557-563.
9. Martin DF, Sierra-Madero J, Walmsley S, et al.: A controlled trial of valganciclovir as induction therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. N Engl J Med 2002, 346: 119-1126.
10. Lalezari JP, Stagg RJ, Kupperman BD, et al.: Intravenous cidofovir for peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997, 126:257-263.
11. Vitravene Study Group: A randomized controlled trial of intravenous fomivirsen for treatment of newly diagnosed peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Am J Ophthalmol 2002, 133:467-474.
12. The Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group: The ganciclovir implant plus oral ganciclovir versus parenteral cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: The Ganciclovir Cidofovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial. Am J Ophthalmol 2001, 131:457-467.
13. Drew WL, Ives D, Lalezari JP, et al., for the Syntex Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group: Oral ganciclovir as maintenance treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS N Engl J Med 1995, 333:615-620.
14. Combination foscarnet and ganciclovir therapy vs. monotherapy for the treatment of relapsed cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Cytomegalovirus Retreatment Trials. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in Collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1996, 114:23-33.
15. Lalezari JP, Holland GN, Kramer F, et al.: Randomized, controlled study of the safety and efficacy of intravenous cidofovir for the treatment of relapsing cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998, 17:339-344.
16. Martin DF, Kupperman BD, Wolitz RA, et al.: Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with a ganciclovir implant. Roche Ganciclovir Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1063-1070.
17. Tural C, Romeu J, Sirera G, et al.: Long-lasting remission of cytomegalovirus retinitis without maintenance therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1998, 177:1080-1083.
18. Vrabec TR, Baldassano VF, Whitcup SM: Discontinuation of maintenance therapy in patients with quiescent cytomegalovirus retinitis and elevated CD4+ counts. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 259-1264.
19. MacDonald JC, Torriani FJ, Morse T, et al.:Lack of reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after stopping CMV maintenance therapy in AIDS patients with sustained elevations in CD4 T cells in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1998, 177:1182-1187.
20. Jouan M, Saves H, Tubiana R, et al.: Discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: RESTIMOP Study Team. AIDS 2001, 15:23-31.
21. Song MK, Schrier RD, Smith IL, et al.: Paradoxical activity of CMV retinitis in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Retina 2002, 22:262-267.
22. Karavellas MP, Lowder CY, MacDonald JC, et al.: Immune recovery vitritis associated with inactive CMV retinitis: a new syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1998, 116:169-175.
23. Zegans ME, Walton RC, Holland GN, et al.: Transient vitreous inflammatory reactions associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1998, 125:292-300.
24. Karavellas MP, Azen SP, MacDonald JC, et al.: Immune recovery vitritis and uveitis in AIDS: clinical predctors, sequelae, and treatment outcomes: Retina 2001, 21:1-9.
25. Drew WL, Miner RC, Busch DF, et al.: Prevalence of resistance of in-patients receiving ganciclovir for serious CMV infections. J Infect Dis 1991, 163:716-719.
26. Jabs DA, Enger C, Dunn JP, et al.: Cytomegalovirus retinitis and viral resistance: ganciclovir resistance. J Infect Dis 1998, 177:770-773.
27. Jabs DA, Enger C, Forman M, Dunn JP, for The Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Viral Resistance Study Group: Incidence of foscarnet resistance and cidofovir resistance in patients treated for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 1998, 42:2240-2244.
28. Chou S, Waldemer RH, Senters AE, et al.: Cytomegalovirus UL 97 phosphotransferase mutations that affect susceptibility to ganciclovir: J Infect Dis 2002, 185: 62-169.
29. Chou S, Guentzel S, Michels KR, et al.: Frequency of UL 97 phosphotransferase mutations related to ganciclovir resistance in clincal cytomegalovirus isolates. J Infect Dis 1995, 172: 39-242.
30. Smith IL, Cherrington JM, Jiles RE, et al.: High-level resistance of cytomegalovirus to ganciclovir is associated with alterations in both the UL 97 and DNA polymerase genes. J Infect Dis 1997, 176:69-77.
31. Chou S, Marousek G, Parenti DM et al.: Mutation in Region III of the DNA polymerase gene conferring foscarnet resistance in cytomegalovirus isolates from 3 subjects receiving prolonged antiviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1998, 178:526-530.
32. Chou S, Miner RC, Drew WL: A deletion mutation in region V of the cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase sequence confers multidrug resistance. J Infect Dis 2000, 182:1765-1768.
33. Mousavi-Jazi M, Schloss, Drew WL, et al.: Variations in the cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase and phosphotransferase genes in relation to foscarnet and ganciclovir sensitivity. J Clin Virol 2001, 23:1-15.
34. Dieterich DT, Kotler DP, Busch DF: Ganciclovir treatment of cytomegalovirus colitis is AIDS. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. J Infect Dis 1993, 167: 78-282.
35. Wilcox CM, Diehl DL, Cello JP, et al.: Cytomegalovirus esophagitis in patients with AIDS. A clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic correlation. Ann Intern Med 1990, 113:589-593.
36. Blanshard C, Benamou Y, Dohin E, et al.: Treatment of AIDS-associated gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection with foscarnet and ganciclovir: a randomized comparison. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:622-628.
37. Miller RG, Storey JR, Greco CM: Ganciclovir in the treatment of progressive AIDS-related polyradiculopathy. Neurology 1990, 40:569-574.
38. Kim YS, Hollander H: Polyradiculopathy due to cytomegalovirus: report of two cases in which improvement occurred after prolonged therapy and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 17:32-37.
39. Flood J, Drew WL, Miner RC, et al.: Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) polyradiculopathy and documentation of in-vivo anti-CMV activity in cerebrospinal fluid using branched DNA signal amplification and antigen assays. J Infect Dis 1997, 176: 0-58.
40. Morgello S, Cho E, Nielsen S, et al.: Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: An autopsy study of 30 cases and review of literature. Hum Pathol 1987, 18:289-297.
41. Holland NR, Power C, Matthews VP, et al.: Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS. Neurology 1994, 44: 07-514.
42. Cohen BA: Prognosis and response to therapy of cytomegalovirus encephalitis and meningomyelitis in AIDS. Neurology 1996, 46:444-450.