Targeted photodynamic therapy via receptor mediated delivery systems

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 53-76

  Sharman, Wesley M ^a   Van Lier, Johan E ^a   Allen, Cynthia M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

^b NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adenovirus; Albumin; Annexins; Bisphosphonates; Chlorin e6; Epidermal growth factor; Lipoproteins; Nuclear localization signal; Photosensitizers; Phthalocyanines; Steroids; Transferrin

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODIES; BIOCHEMISTRY; CELL MEMBRANES; DISEASES; LIPIDS; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEINS; TISSUE;

CELLULAR TRANSFORMATIONS;

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY;

ALBUMIN; ALENDRONIC ACID; ANNEXIN; ANTIBODY CONJUGATE; BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CLODRONIC ACID; CREMOPHOR; CYCLODEXTRIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; ESTRADIOL; ETIDRONIC ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; INSULIN; LECTIN; LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOSOME; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; PHTHALOCYANINE ALUMINUM; PHTHALOCYANINE ZINC; PLASMA PROTEIN; RISEDRONIC ACID; STEROID; TILUDRONIC ACID; TOXIN; TRANSFERRIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ADENOVIRUS; BIOCHEMISTRY; CELL SURFACE; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG TARGETING; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; LIPID MEMBRANE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TARGET CELL;

EID: 0347990403     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.015     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Gibbs W.W. Untangling the roots of cancer. Scientific Am. 289:2003;56-65.
2. Boyle F.T., Costello G.F. Cancer therapy: a move to the molecular level. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;251-261.
3. Sharman W.M., Allen C.M., van Lier J.E. Photodynamic therapeutics: basic principles and clinical applications. Drug Discov. Today. 4:1999;507-517.
4. Sharman W.M., Allen C.M., van Lier J.E. Role of activate oxygen species in photodynamic therapy. Methods Enzymol. 319:2000;376-400.
5. Allen C.M., Sharman W.M., van Lier J.E. Current status of phthalocyanines in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. J. Porhyrins Phthalocyanines. 5:2001;1-9.
6. Allen C.M., Sharman W.M., van Lier J.E. Photodynamic therapy: targeting cancer cells with photosensitizer-bioconjugates. Pagé M. Tumour Targeting in Cancer Therapy. 2002;329-361 Humana Press, New Jersey.
7. Rosenthal I. Phthalocyanines as photodynamic sensitizers. Photochem. Photobiol. 53:1991;859-887.
8. Niamien Konan Y., Gurny R., Allémann E. State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 66:2002;89-106.
9. Reddi E. Role of delivery vehicles for photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of tumors. Photochem. Photobiol. 37:1997;189-195.
10. Hamblin M.R., Newman E.L. On the mechanism of the tumor-localising effect in photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 23:1994;3-8.
11. Foley M.S.C., Beeby A., Parker A.W., Bishop S.M., Phillips D. Excited triplet state photophysics of the sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine bound to human serum albumin. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 38:1997;10-17.
12. Kragh-Hansen U. Structure and ligand binding properties of human serum albumin. Dan. Med. Bull. 37:1990;57-84.
13. Gantchev T.G., Ouellet R., van Lier J.E. Binding interactions and conformational changes induced by sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines in human serum albumin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 366:1999;21-30.
14. Larroque C., Pelegrin A., van Lier J.E. Serum albumin as a vehicle for zinc phthalocyanine: photodynamic activities in solid tumor models. Br. J. Cancer. 74:1996;1886-1890.
15. Reddi E., Zhou C., Biolo R., Menegaldo E., Jori G. Liposome- or LDL-adminstered Zn(II)-phthalocyanine as a photodynamic agent for tumors. I. Pharmacokinetic properties and phototherapeutic efficiency. Br. J. Cancer. 61:1990;407-411.
16. Krieger M., Acton S., Ashekenas J., Pearson A., Penman M., Resnick D. Molecular flypaper, host defense and atherosclerosis. Structure, binding properties and functions of macrophage scavenger receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;4569-4572.
17. Hamblin M.R., Newman E.L. Photosensitizer targeting in photodynamic therapy I. Conjugates of haematoporphyrin with albumin and transferrin. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 26:1994;45-46.
18. Brasseur N., Langlois R., La Madeleine C., Ouellet R., van Lier J.E. Receptor-mediated targeting of phthalocyanines to macrophages via covalent coupling to native or maleylated bovine serum albumin. Photochem. Photobiol. 69:1999;345-352.
19. Hamblin M.R., Miller J.L., Ortel B. Scavenger-receptor targeted photodynamic therapy. Photochem. Photobiol. 72:2000;533-540.
20. M.R. Hamblin, M. Huzaira, D.A. O'Donnell, Scavenger receptor-targeted photodynamic therapy of murine tumors in vivo, 13th International Congress on Photobiology, San Francisco, CA, 2000 (Abstract) 173.
21. Nagae T., Louie A.Y., Aizawa K., Ishimaru Sh. , Wilson S.E. Selective targeting and photodynamic destruction of intimal hyperplasia by scavenger-receptor mediated protein-chlorin e6 conjugates. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 39:1998;709-715.
22. Khadem J., Veloso A.A., Tolentino F., Hasan T., Hamblin M.R. Photodynamic tissue adhesion with chlorin e6 protein conjugates. Invest. Ophthalomol. Vis. Sci. 40:1999;3132-3137.
23. Stryer L. Biochemistry. 3rd ed. 1988;W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
24. Gueddari N., Favre N., Hachem H., Marek E., Le Gaillard F., Soula G. Evidence of up-regulated low density lipoprotein receptor in human lung adenocarcinoma cells line A549. Biochemie. 75:1993;811-819.
25. Mazière J.C., Molière P., Santus R. New trends in photobiology (invited review). The role of the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway in the delivery of lipophilic photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of tumors. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 8:1991;351-360.
26. Martins J., Madeira V., Almeida L., Laranjinha J. Photoactivation of phthalocyanine-loaded low density lipoproteins induces a local oxidative stress that propagates to human erythrocytes: protection by caffeic acid. Free Radic. Res. 36:2002;319-328.
27. Hasan T., Parrish J.A. Photodynamic therapy of cancer. Holland J.F., Bast R.C., Morton D.L., Frei E. III, Kufe D.W., Weichselbaum R.R. Cancer Medicine. 4th ed. 1997;739-751 William and Wilkins, Baltimore.
28. Jori G., Beltramini M., Reddi E., Pagnan A., Tomio L., Tsanov T. Evidence of a major role of plasma membrane lipoproteins as hematoporphyrin carriers in vivo. Cancer Lett. 24:1984;291-297.
29. Valduga G., Pifferi A., Taroni P., Valentini G., Reddi E., Cubeddu R., Jori G. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies on low-density lipoprotein-bound Zn (II)-phthalocyanine. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 49:1999;198-203.
30. Versluis A.J., Rensen P.C.N., Kuipers M.E., Love W.G., Taylor P.W. Interaction between zinc (II)-phthalocyanine-containing liposomes and human low density lipoprotein. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 23:1994;141-148.
31. Rensen P.C.N., Love W.G., Taylor P.W. In vitro interaction of zinc (II)-phthalocyanine-containing liposomes and plasma lipoproteins. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 26:1994;29-35.
32. Jori G., Reddi E. The role of lipoproteins in the delivery of tumor-targeting photosensitizers. Int. J. Biochem. 25:1993;1369-1375.
33. Kongshang M., Moan J., Brown S.B. The distribution of porphyrins with different tumor localizing ability among human plasma proteins. Br. J. Cancer. 59:1989;184-188.
34. Polo L., Valduga G., Jori G., Reddi E. Low-density lipoprotein receptors in the uptake of tumor photosensitizers by human and rat transformed fibroblasts. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 34:2002;10-23.
35. de Smidt P.C., Versluis A.J., van Berkel T.J.C. Properties of incorporation, redistribution and integrity of porphyrin-low-density lipoprotein complexes. Biochemistry. 32:1993;2916-2922.
36. 2. Proc. SPIE. 1203:1990;118-125.
37. Soucin M., Polo L., Reddi E., Jori G., Kenney M.E., Cheng G., Rogers M.A.J. Effect of axial ligation and delivery system on the tumor-localising and photosensitizing properties of Ge(IV)-octabutoxy-phthalocyanines. Br. J. Cancer. 71:1995;727-732.
38. Zhou C., Milanesi C., Jori G. An ultrastructural comparative evaluation of tumors photosensitized by porphyrins administered in aqueous solution, bound to liposomes or to lipoproteins. Photochem. Photobiol. 48:1988;487-492.
39. Zhou C. Mechanisms of tumor necrosis induced by photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol. 3:1989;299-318.
40. Urizzi P., Allen C.M., Langlois R., Ouellet R., La Madeleine C., van Lier J.E. Low-density lipoprotein-bound aluminum sulfophthalocyanine: targeting tumor cells for photodynamic therapy. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines. 4:2000;1-7.
41. Allison B.A., Pritchard P.H., Levy J.G. Evidence for low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated uptake of benzoporphyrin derivative. Br. J. Cancer. 69:1994;833-839.
42. Schmidt-Erfurth U., Bauman W., Gragoudas E., Flotte T.J., Michaud N.A., Birngruber R., Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy of experimental choroidal melanoma using lipoprotein-delivered benzoporphyrin. Ophthalmology. 101:1994;89-99.
43. Miller J.W., Walsh A.W., Kramer M., Hasan T., Michaud N., Flotte T.J., Haimovici R., Gragoudas E.S. Photodynamic therapy of experimental choroidal neovascularization using lipoprotein-delivered benzoporphyrin. Arch. Ophthalmol. 113:1995;810-818.
44. Schmidt-Erfurth U., Flotte T.J., Gragoudas E.S., Schomacker K., Birngruber R., Hasan T. Benzoporphyrin-lipoprotein-mediated photodestruction of intracocular tumors. Exp. Eye Res. 62:1996;1-10.
45. de Vries H.E., Moor A.C., Dubbelman T.M.A.R., van Berke T.J.C., Kuiper J. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins as a delivery system for photosensitizers: implications for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289:1999;528-534.
46. Obochi M.O.K., Boyle R.W., van Lier J.E. Biological activities of phthalocyanines. XIII. The effects of human serum components on the in vitro uptake and photodynamic activity of zinc phthalocyanine. Photochem. Photobiol. 57:1993;634-640.
47. Hamblin M.R., Newman E.L. Photosensitizer targeting in photodynamic therapy II. Conjugates of haematoporphyrin with serum lipoproteins. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 26:1994;147-157.
48. Schmidt-Erfurth U., Diddens H., Birngruber R., Hasan T. Photodynamic targeting of human retinoblastoma cells using covalent low-density lipoprotein conjugates. Br. J. Cancer. 75:1997;54-61.
49. Conrad M.E., Umbreit J.N. Iron absorption and transport. An update. Am. J. Hemtaol. 64:2000;287-298.
50. Ponka P., Beaumont C., Richardson D.R. Function and regulation of transferrin and ferritin. Semin. Hematol. 35:1998;35-54.
51. Testa U., Pelosi E., Peschle C. The transferrin receptor. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 4:1993;241-276.
52. Singh M. Targeting with transferrin. Pagé M. Tumour Targeting in Cancer Therapy. 2002;151-164 Humana Press, New Jersey.
53. P.G. Cavanaugh, Synthesis, and photodynamic therapy-mediated anti-cancer, and other uses of chlorin e6-transferrin, US Patent application Publication Number US 2002/0137901 A1 (2002) Sept. 26.
54. Cavanaugh P.G. Synthesis of chlorin e6-transferrin and demonstration of its light-dependent in vitro breast cancer cell killing ability. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 72:2002;117-130.
55. Allison B.A., Pritchard P.H., Ritcher A.M., Levy J.G. The plasma distribution of benzoporphyrin derivative and the effects of plasma lipoproteins on its biodistribution. Photochem. Photobiol. 52:1990;501-507.
56. Ball D.J., Vernon D.I., Brown S.B. The high photoactivity of m-THPC in photodynamic therapy. Unusually strong retention of M-THPC by RIF-1 cells in culture. Photochem. Photobiol. 69:1999;360-363.
57. Hopkinson H.J., Vernon D.I., Brown S.B. Identification and partial characterization of an unusual distribution of the photosensitizer meta-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (temoporfin) in human plasma. Photochem. Photobiol. 69:1999;482-488.
58. D.C. Anderson, A.J. Mathews, Hemoglobins as drug delivery agents, US Patent number 5,759,517 (1998) June 2.
59. Seaton B.A., Dedman J.R. Annexins. Biometals. 11:1998;399-404.
60. Gerke V., Moss S.E. Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol. Rev. 82:2002;331-371.
61. van Engleland M., Nieland L.J., Ramaekers F.C., Schutte B., Reutelingsperger C.P. Annexin V-affinity assay: a review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure. Cytometry. 31:1998;1-9.
62. Quinn P.J. Plasma membrane phospholipids asymmetry. Subcell. Biochem. 36:2002;39-60.
63. A.M. Green, Methods for using annexin for detecting cell death in vivo and treating associated conditions, WO Patent application publication number WO 02/080754 A2 (2002) October 17.
64. D.L. Meyer, R.W. Mallet, Pretargeting methods and compounds, US Patent number 6,271,869 (2001) April 17.
65. Whitfield J.F., Morley P., Willick G.E. The Parathyroid Hormone: An Unexpected Bone Builder for Treating Osteoporosis. 1998;R.G Landes Company, Georgetown, TX.
66. Ducy P., Schinke T., Karsenty G. The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance. Science. 289:2000;1501-1504.
67. Teitelbaum S.L. Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 289:2000;1504-1508.
68. Roden G.A., Martin T.J. Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases. Science. 289:2000;1508-1514.
69. J. Chen, Compositions and methods for the treatment of metabolic bone disorders and bone metastases, WO patent application publication number WO 00/41725 (2000) July 20.
70. Fleish H. Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and clinical use. Bilezikian J.P., Raisz L.G., Rodan G.A. Principles of Bone Biology. 1996;1037-1052 Academic Press, San Diego.
71. Zheng G., Li H., Zhang M., Lund-Katz S., Chance B., Glickson J.D. Low-density lipoprotein reconstituted by pyropheophorbide cholesteryl oleate as target-specific photosensitizer. Bioconjug. Chem. 13:2002;392-396.
72. Ali H., van Lier J.E. Metal complexes as photo- and radiosensitizers. Chem. Rev. 99:1999;2379-2450.
73. Decréau R., Chanon M., Julliard M. Synthesis of silicon phthalocyanines bearing two cholesterol moieties. Synlett. 4:1998;375-376.
74. Hombrecher H.K., Schell C. Synthesis and investigation of a galactopyranosyl-cholesteryloxy substituted porphyrin. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6:1996;1199-1202.
75. Golab J., Nowis D., Skrzycki M., Czeczot H., Baranczyk-Kuzma A., Wilczynski G.M., Makowski M., Mroz P., Kozar K., Kaminski R., Jalili A., Kopec M., Grzela T., Jakobisiak M. Antitumour effects of photodynamic therapy are potentiated by 2-methoxyestradiol. A superoxide dismutase inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 278:2003;407-414.
76. Cowled P.A., Mackenzie L., Forbes I.J. Potentiation of photodynamic therapy with haematoporphyrin derivatives by glucocorticoids. Cancer Lett. 29:1985;107-114.
77. Biade S., Maziere J.C., Mora L., Santus R., Maziere C., Auclair M., Morliere P., Dubertret L. Lovastatin potentiates the photocytotoxic effect of Photofrin II delivered to HT29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells by low density lipoproteins. Photochem. Photobiol. 57:1993;371-375.
78. Aranda A., Pascual A. Nuclear hormone receptors and gene expression. Physiol. Rev. 81:2001;1269-1304.
79. Kumar R., Thompson E.R. The structure of the nuclear hormone receptors. Steroids. 64:1999;310-319.
80. Whitfield G.K., Jurutka P.W., Haussler C.A., Haussler M.R. Steroid hormone receptors, evolution, ligands and molecular basis of biological function. J. Cell. Biochem. S32-33:1999;110-122.
81. Hager G.L., Lim C.S., Elbi C., Baumann C.T. Trafficking of nuclear receptors in living cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30:2000;249-254.
82. Ferguson A.T., Lapidus R.G., Davidson N.E. The regulation of estrogen receptor expression and function in human breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Res. 94:1998;255-278.
83. Murphy L.C., Hilsenbeck S.G., Dotzlaw H., Fuqua S.A. Relationship of clone 4 estrogen receptor variant messanger RNA expression to some known prognostic variables in human breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 1:1995;155-159.
84. Gotteland M., May E., May-Levin F., Contesso G., Delarue J.C., Mouriesse H. Estrogen receptors (ER) in human breast cancer. The significance of a new prognostic factor based on both ER protein and ER mRNA contents. Cancer. 74:1994;864-871.
85. R.W. Boyle, D. Dolphin, C.K. Johnson, Meso-mono-iodo-substituted tetrameacrocyclic compounds and methods for making and using the same, US Patent 5,703,230 (1997) Dec. 30.
86. E.H. Khan, H. Ali, Shafiullah, J.E. van Lier, unpublished results.
87. Katzenellenbogen J.A., O'Malley B.W., Katzenellenbogen B.S. Tripartite steroid hormone receptor pharmacology: interaction with multiple effector sites as a basis for the cell- and promoter-specific action of these hormones. Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1996;119-131.
88. Arstead G.M., Carlson K.E., Katzenellenbogen J.A. The estradiol pharmacophore: ligand structure-estrogen receptor binding affinity relationships and a model for the receptor binding site. Steroids. 62:1997;268-303.
89. Brzozowski A.M., Pike A.C., Dauter Z., Hubbard R.E., Bonn T., Engstrom O., Ohman L., Greene G.L., Gustafsson J.A., Carlquist M. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 389:1997;752-758.
90. Tannenbaum D.M., Wang Y., Williams S.P., Sigler P.B. Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;5998-6003.
91. S.C. Mohr, R. Ray, Photodynamic therapy using nuclear hormone receptors to target photosensitizers, WO patent application publication number WO97/34637 (1997) Sept. 25.
92. R. Ray, S.C. Mohr, N. Swamy, Selective nuclear receptor-targeted systems for delivery of cytotoxins to cancer cells for targeted photodynamic therapy, WO patent application publication number WO01/78606 (2001) Oct. 25.
93. Khan E.H., Ali H., Tian H., Rousseau J., Tessier G., Shafiullah, van Lier J.E. Synthesis and biological activities of phthalocyanine-estradiol conjugates. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13:2003;1287-1290.
94. James D.A., Swamy N., Paz N., Hanson R.N., Ray R. Synthesis and estrogen receptor binding affinity of a porphyrin-estradiol conjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy of cancer. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9:1999;2379-2384.
95. Swamy N., James D.A., Mohr S.C., Hanson R.N., Ray R. An estradiol-porphyrin conjugate selectively localizes into estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 10:2002;3237-3243.
96. Bitzan M., te Loo D.M. Interaction of Shiga toxin with endothelial cells. Methods Mol. Med. 73:2003;243-262.
97. Lingwood C.A. Shiga toxin receptor glycolipid binding. Pathology and utility. Methods Mol. Med. 73:2003;165-186.
98. Gariepy J. The use of Shiga-like toxin 1 in cancer therapy. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 39:2001;99-106.
99. Lapointe P., Gariepy J. Shiga-like toxins as targeted anticancer agents. Pagé M. Tumour Targeting in Cancer Therapy. 2002;307-320 Humana Press, New Jersey.
100. J. Gariepy, Method of selectively purging CD77+ cells from bone marrow, US Patent number 5,801,145 (1998) Sept. 1.
101. C.A. Lingwood, R. Hill, H. Farkas-Himsley, R. Geva, L Kroyanker, Verotoxin pharmaceutical compositions and medical treatments therewith, US Patent number 5,968,894 (1999) Oct. 19.
102. B. Storrie, M. Tarrago-Trani, S. English, B/B-like fragment for the purposes of photodynamic therapy and medical imaging, WO patent application publication number 02/067850 (2002) Sept. 6.
103. Sudha Komath S., Bhanu K., Maiya B.G., Swamy M.J. Binding of porphyrins by the tumor-specific lectin, Jaclin [Jack Fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) agglutinin]. Biosci. Rep. 20:2000;265-276.
104. Tracker P.D. Smart bombs: the next generation of PDT. Drug Discov. Today. 8:2003;190-191.
105. Harris R.C., Chung E., Coffey R.J. EGF receptor ligands. Exp. Cell Res. 284:2003;2-13.
106. Khalid M.Y., Grandis J.R., Shin D.M. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor: novel therapeutics in the management of cancer. Exp. Rev. Anticancer Ther. 3:2003;367-380.
107. Fanuel-Barret D., Patrice T., Foultier M.T., Vonarz-Coinsmann V., Robillard N., Lajat Y. Influence of epidermal growth factor on photodynamic therapy of glioblastoma cells in vitro. Res. Exp. Med. 197:1997;219-233.
108. Lutsenko S.V., Feldman N.B., Finakova G.V., Posypanova G.A., Severin S.E., Skryabin K.G., Kirpichnikov M.P., Lukyanets E.A., Vorozhtsov G.N. Targeting phthalocyanines to tumor cells using epidermal growth factor conjugates. Tumour Biol. 20:1999;218-224.
109. Gijsens A., de Witte P. Photocytotoxic action of EGF-PVA-Sn(IV)chlorin e6 and EGF-dextran-Sn(IV)chlorin e6 internalizable conjugates on A431 cells. Int. J. Oncol. 13:1998;1171-1177.
110. Gijsens A., Missiaen L., Merleved W., de Witte P. Epidermal growth factor-mediated targeting of chlorin e6 selectively potentiates its photodynamic therapy. Cancer Res. 60:2000;2197-2202.
111. A.C.E. Moor, I. Rizvi, M. Savellano, W. Ya, M.G. Del Carmen, T. Hasan, Photoimmunotargeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of ovarian cancer, 13th International Congress on Photobiology, July, San Francisco, CA (2000) Abstract 507.
112. Savellano, Hasan T. Targeting cells that overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor with polyethylene glycolated BPD verteporfin photosensitizer immunoconjugates. Photochem. Photobiol. 77:2003;431-439.
113. Rosenkranz A.A., Jans D.A., Sobolev A.S. Targeted intracellular delivery of photosensitizers to enhance photodynamic efficiency. Immunol. Cell Biol. 78:2000;452-464.
114. Akhlynina T.V., Rosenkranz A.A., Jans D.A., Gulak P.V., Serebryakova N.V., Sobolev A.S. The use of internalizable derivative of chlorin e6 for increasing its photosensitizing activity. Photochem. Photobiol. 58:1993;45-48.
115. Akhlynina T.V., Rosenkranz A.A., Jans D.A., Sobolev A.S. Insulin-mediated intracellular targeting enhances the photodynamic activity of chlorin e6. Cancer Res. 55:1995;1014-1019.
116. Akhlynina T.V., Jans D.A., Rosenkranz A.A., Statsyuk N.V., Balashova I.Y., Toth G., Pavo I., Rubin A.B., Sobolev A.S. Nuclear targeting of chlorin e6 enhances its photosensitizing activity. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;20328-20331.
117. Sobolev A.S., Jans D.A., Rosenkranz A.A. Targeted intracellular delivery of photosensitizers (review). Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 73:2000;51-90.
118. Rosenkranz A.A., Lunin V.G., Sergienko O.V., Gilyazova D.G., Voronina O.L., Jans D.E., Kofner A.A., Shumiantseva M.A., Mironov A.F., Sobolev A.S. Targeted intracellular site-specific drug delivery: photosensitizer targeting to melanoma cell nuclei. Russian J. Genet. 39:2003;198-206.
119. Rosenkranz A.A., Lunin V.G., Gulak P.V., Sergienko O.V., Shuminantseva M.A., Voronina O.L., Gilyazova D.G., John A.P., Kofner A.A., Mironov A.F., Jans D.A., Sobelev A.S. Recombinant modular transporters for cell-specific nuclear delivery of locally acting drugs enhance photosensitizer activity. FASEB J. 17:2003;1121-1123.
120. A.S. Sobolev, A.A. Rozenkrants, T.V. Akhlynina, D.A. Jans, Composition and method for causing photodynamic damage to target cells, US patent number 6,500,800 B1 (2002) Dec. 31.
121. A.S. Sobolev, A.A. Rozenkrants, T.V. Akhlynina, D.A. Jans, Composition and method for causing photodynamic damage to target cells, US patent application publication number US 2003/0059401 A1 (2003) Mar. 2003.
122. M.P. Deonarain, S. Stafford, Conjugate, WO patent application publication number WO 03/015825 A2 (2003) Feb. 27.
123. Bisland S.K., Singh D., Gariépy J. Potentiation of chlorin e6 photodynamic activity in vitro with peptide-based intracellular vehicles. Bioconjug. Chem. 10:1999;982-992.
124. Brokx R.D., Bisland S.K., Gariépy J. Designing peptide-based scaffolds as drug delivery vehicles. J. Control. Release. 78:2002;115-123.
125. Akhlynina T.V., Jans D.A., Statsyuk N.V., Balashova I.Y., Toth G., Pavo I., Rosesnkranz A.A., Naroditsky B.S., Sobolev A.S. Adenoviruses synergize with nuclear localization signals to enhance nuclear delivery and photodynamic action of internalizable conjugates containing chlorin e6. Int. J. Cancer. 81:1999;734-740.
126. Allen C.M., Sharman W.M., La Madeleine C., Weber J.M., Langlois R., Ouellet R., van Lier J.E. Photodynamic therapy: tumor targeting with adenoviral proteins. Photochem. Photobiol. 70:1999;512-523.
127. Bergelson J.M., Cunningham J.A., Droguett G., Kurt-Jones E.A., Krithivas A., Hong J.S., Horwitz M.S., Crowell R.L., Finberg R.W. Isolation of a common receptor for coxsackie B virus and adenovirus 2 and 5. Science. 275:1997;1320-1323.
128. 5 selectively promotes adenovirus mediated cell membrane permeabilization. J. Cell Biol. 127:1994;257-264.
129. 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment. Cell. 73:1993;309-319.
130. Cuzange A., Chroboczek J., Jacrot B. The penton base of human adenovirus type 3 has the RGD motif. Gene. 146:1994;257-259.
131. Falcioni R., Cimino L., Gentileschi M.P., D'Agnano I., Zupi G., Kennel S.J., Sacchi A. Expression of β1, β3, β4 and β5 integrins by human lung carcinoma cells of different histologies. Exp. Cell Res. 210:1994;113-122.
132. Hirasawa M., Shijubo N., Uede T., Abe S. Integrin expression and ability to adhere to extracellular matris proteins and endothelial cells in human lung cancer lines. Br. J. Cancer. 70:1994;466-473.
133. Cotton M., Weber J.M. The adenovirus protease is required for virus entry into host cells. Virology. 213:1995;494-502.
134. Allen C.M., Sharman W.M., La Madeleine C., van Lier J.E., Weber J.M. Attenuation of photodynamically induced apoptosis by an RGD containing peptide. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 1:2002;246-254.
135. Sutton J.M., Clarke O.J., Fernandez N., Boyle R.W. Porphyrins, chlorin and bacteriochlorin isothiocyanates: useful reagents for the synthesis of photoactive bioconjugates. Bioconjug. Chem. 13:2002;249-263.