메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 801-822

Therapeutic effects of angiotensin II inhibition or blockade on the progression of chronic renal disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATENOLOL; BENAZEPRIL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CANDESARTAN HEXETIL; CAPTOPRIL; CILAZAPRIL; CYCLOSPORIN; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; EPROSARTAN; FOSINOPRIL; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; QUINAPRIL; RAMIPRIL; TACROLIMUS; TELMISARTAN; TRANDOLAPRIL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN;

EID: 0347589286     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (267)
  • 1
    • 0025818120 scopus 로고
    • Chronic renal failure: Pathophysiology and management
    • Jacobson HR, Klahr S. Chronic renal failure: pathophysiology and management. Lancet 1991; 338: 419-423.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 419-423
    • Jacobson, H.R.1    Klahr, S.2
  • 3
    • 0033586239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria and arterial hypertension
    • Hornych A, Asmar R. Microalbuminuria and arterial hypertension. Presse Med. 1999; 28: 597-604.
    • (1999) Presse Med. , vol.28 , pp. 597-604
    • Hornych, A.1    Asmar, R.2
  • 4
    • 0032407950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal protection by antihypertensive drugs: Insights from microalbuminuria studies
    • Redon J. Renal protection by antihypertensive drugs: insights from microalbuminuria studies. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 2091-2100.
    • (1998) J. Hypertens. , vol.16 , pp. 2091-2100
    • Redon, J.1
  • 5
    • 0032957781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and renal function impairment
    • Remuzzi G. Cigarette smoking and renal function impairment. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33: 807-813.
    • (1999) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.33 , pp. 807-813
    • Remuzzi, G.1
  • 6
    • 0035902622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease: A meta-analysis of patient-level data
    • Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 73-87.
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.135 , pp. 73-87
    • Jafar, T.H.1    Schmid, C.H.2    Landa, M.3
  • 7
    • 0017310436 scopus 로고
    • The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy
    • Kussman MJ, Goldstein HH, Gleason RE. The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy. JAMA 1976; 236: 1861-1863.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.236 , pp. 1861-1863
    • Kussman, M.J.1    Goldstein, H.H.2    Gleason, R.E.3
  • 8
    • 0036842155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halting progression of renal failure: Consideration beyond angiotensin II inhibition
    • Salahudeen AK. Halting progression of renal failure: consideration beyond angiotensin II inhibition. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2002; 17: 1871-1875.
    • (2002) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.17 , pp. 1871-1875
    • Salahudeen, A.K.1
  • 9
    • 0030908772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria
    • The EUCLID Study Group
    • The EUCLID Study Group. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria. Lancet 1997; 36: 1787-1792.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.36 , pp. 1787-1792
  • 10
    • 0032525867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of enalapril to attenuate decline in renal function in normotensive normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Ravid M, Brosh D, Levi Z et al. Use of enalapril to attenuate decline in renal function in normotensive normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 982-988.
    • (1998) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.128 , pp. 982-988
    • Ravid, M.1    Brosh, D.2    Levi, Z.3
  • 11
    • 0024429326 scopus 로고
    • Short and long term effects of the antihypertensive therapy in the diabetic rat
    • Anderson S, Rennke HG, Garcia DL et al. Short and long term effects of the antihypertensive therapy in the diabetic rat. Kidney Int 1989; 36: 525-536.
    • (1989) Kidney Int. , vol.36 , pp. 525-536
    • Anderson, S.1    Rennke, H.G.2    Garcia, D.L.3
  • 12
    • 0031693961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and treatment of hypertension and renal disease
    • Perico N, Remuzzi G. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and treatment of hypertension and renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1998; 7: 571-578.
    • (1998) Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. , vol.7 , pp. 571-578
    • Perico, N.1    Remuzzi, G.2
  • 15
    • 0026695511 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat spleen
    • Tsusumi K, Stromberg C, Savedra J. Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat spleen. Peptides 1992; 13: 291-296.
    • (1992) Peptides , vol.13 , pp. 291-296
    • Tsusumi, K.1    Stromberg, C.2    Savedra, J.3
  • 16
    • 0028362076 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells
    • Kagami S, Border W, Miller DE et al. Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2431-2437.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.93 , pp. 2431-2437
    • Kagami, S.1    Border, W.2    Miller, D.E.3
  • 17
    • 0034118392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective benefits of RAS inhibition: From ACE inhibitors to angiotensin II antagonists
    • Taal MW, Brenner BM. Renoprotective benefits of RAS inhibition: from ACE inhibitors to angiotensin II antagonists. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 1803-1817.
    • (2000) Kidney Int. , vol.57 , pp. 1803-1817
    • Taal, M.W.1    Brenner, B.M.2
  • 18
    • 0032784820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan decreases plasma levels of TGF-beta-1 in transplant patients with chronic allograft nephropathy
    • Campistol JM, Inigo P, Jimenez W et al. Losartan decreases plasma levels of TGF-beta-1 in transplant patients with chronic allograft nephropathy. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 714.
    • (1999) Kidney Int. , vol.56 , pp. 714
    • Campistol, J.M.1    Inigo, P.2    Jimenez, W.3
  • 19
    • 0032512094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies
    • Remuzzi G, Bertani T. Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1448-1456.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Bertani, T.2
  • 20
    • 0025979739 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II stimulates ammoniagenesis in canine renal proximal tubule segments
    • Chobanian MC, Julin CM. Angiotensin II stimulates ammoniagenesis in canine renal proximal tubule segments. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: 19-26.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.260 , pp. 19-26
    • Chobanian, M.C.1    Julin, C.M.2
  • 21
    • 0018135559 scopus 로고
    • Binding sites for angiotensin II in human mononuclear leucocytes
    • Shimada K, Yazaki Y. Binding sites for angiotensin II in human mononuclear leucocytes. J Biochem 1978; 84: 1013-1015.
    • (1978) J. Biochem. , vol.84 , pp. 1013-1015
    • Shimada, K.1    Yazaki, Y.2
  • 22
    • 0033369510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II regulates cellular immune responses through a calcineurin-dependent pathway
    • Nataraj CH, Oliverio MI, Mannon RB et al. Angiotensin II regulates cellular immune responses through a calcineurin-dependent pathway. J Clin Investig 1999; 104: 1693-1701.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.104 , pp. 1693-1701
    • Nataraj, C.H.1    Oliverio, M.I.2    Mannon, R.B.3
  • 23
    • 0021738892 scopus 로고
    • Granuloma macrophages in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni generate components of the angiotensin system
    • Weinstock J, Blum A. Granuloma macrophages in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni generate components of the angiotensin system. Cell Immunol 1984; 89: 39-45.
    • (1984) Cell Immunol. , vol.89 , pp. 39-45
    • Weinstock, J.1    Blum, A.2
  • 24
    • 0028288730 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II) mRNA production and enzymatic activity in human peripheral blood monocytes are induced by GM-CSF but not by other cytokines
    • 1226
    • Lazarus D, Asc J, Fanburg B, Lanzillo J. Angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II) mRNA production and enzymatic activity in human peripheral blood monocytes are induced by GM-CSF but not by other cytokines. Biochem Biophys Acta 1994; 1226: 12-18.
    • (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Acta , pp. 12-18
    • Lazarus, D.1    Asc, J.2    Fanburg, B.3    Lanzillo, J.4
  • 25
    • 0029823037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased accumulation of tissue ACE in human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
    • Diet F, Pratt RE, Berry GJ et al. Increased accumulation of tissue ACE in human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Circulation 1996; 94: 2756-2767.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2756-2767
    • Diet, F.1    Pratt, R.E.2    Berry, G.J.3
  • 26
    • 0003337337 scopus 로고
    • A nephritogenic T cell clone expresses components of the renin-angiotensin system in responsive to angiotensin II
    • Vance B, Kelly C. A nephritogenic T cell clone expresses components of the renin-angiotensin system in responsive to angiotensin II. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994; 5: 772.
    • (1994) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.5 , pp. 772
    • Vance, B.1    Kelly, C.2
  • 27
    • 0022389678 scopus 로고
    • The effect of angiotensin II on human mononuclear cell reactivity suppression of PHA-P-induced thymidine incorporation
    • Simon M, Engel D, Weinstock J, Roi L. The effect of angiotensin II on human mononuclear cell reactivity suppression of PHA-P-induced thymidine incorporation. Immunol Invest 1985; 14: 389-400.
    • (1985) Immunol. Invest. , vol.14 , pp. 389-400
    • Simon, M.1    Engel, D.2    Weinstock, J.3    Roi, L.4
  • 28
    • 0030862816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic calcium changes induced by angiotensin II in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are mediated via angiotensin II subtype I receptors
    • Lijnen P, Fagard R, Petrov V. Cytosolic calcium changes induced by angiotensin II in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are mediated via angiotensin II subtype I receptors. J Hypertens 1997; 15: 871-876.
    • (1997) J. Hypertens. , vol.15 , pp. 871-876
    • Lijnen, P.1    Fagard, R.2    Petrov, V.3
  • 29
    • 0030448983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive drug treatment in chronic renal allograft rejection in the rat: Effect on structure function
    • Benediktsson H, Chea R, Davidoff A, Paul L. Antihypertensive drug treatment in chronic renal allograft rejection in the rat: effect on structure function. Transplantation 1996; 62: 1640-1642.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.62 , pp. 1640-1642
    • Benediktsson, H.1    Chea, R.2    Davidoff, A.3    Paul, L.4
  • 30
    • 2642608661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of atherosclerosis in mice by inhibition of CD40 signaling
    • Mach F, Schonbeck U, Sukhova G et al. Reduction of atherosclerosis in mice by inhibition of CD40 signaling. Nature 1998; 394: 200-203.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 200-203
    • Mach, F.1    Schonbeck, U.2    Sukhova, G.3
  • 31
    • 0026619467 scopus 로고
    • Calcineurin mediates inhibition by FK 506 and cyclosporine of recovery from a-factor arrest in yeast
    • Foor F, Parent SA, Morin N et al. Calcineurin mediates inhibition by FK 506 and cyclosporine of recovery from a-factor arrest in yeast. Nature 1992; 360: 682-684.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 682-684
    • Foor, F.1    Parent, S.A.2    Morin, N.3
  • 32
    • 0031718621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic allograft nephropathy in the rat is improved by angiotensin II receptor blockade but not by calcium channel antagonism
    • Amuchastegui SC; Azzollini N, Mister M et al. Chronic allograft nephropathy in the rat is improved by angiotensin II receptor blockade but not by calcium channel antagonism. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9: 1948-1955.
    • (1998) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.9 , pp. 1948-1955
    • Amuchastegui, S.C.1    Azzollini, N.2    Mister, M.3
  • 33
    • 0030930322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrosis, a common pathway to organ failure: Angiotensin II and tissue repair
    • Weber K. Fibrosis, a common pathway to organ failure: angiotensin II and tissue repair. Semin Nephrol 1997; 17: 467-491.
    • (1997) Semin. Nephrol. , vol.17 , pp. 467-491
    • Weber, K.1
  • 34
    • 0028225243 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial activation and chronic allograft rejection
    • Orosz CG. Endothelial activation and chronic allograft rejection. Clin Transpl 1994; 8: 299-303.
    • (1994) Clin. Transpl. , vol.8 , pp. 299-303
    • Orosz, C.G.1
  • 35
    • 0034804246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential role of angiotensin II receptor type 1a in recipient kidney, not in transplanted peripheral blood leucocytes, in progressive immune-mediated injury
    • Hisada Y, Sagaya T, Tanaka S et al. An essential role of angiotensin II receptor type 1a in recipient kidney, not in transplanted peripheral blood leucocytes, in progressive immune-mediated injury. Lab Invest 2001; 81: 1243-1251.
    • (2001) Lab. Invest. , vol.81 , pp. 1243-1251
    • Hisada, Y.1    Sagaya, T.2    Tanaka, S.3
  • 36
    • 0030070654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonist TCV-116 reduces graft coronary artery disease and preserves graft status in a murine model
    • Furukawa Y, Matsumori A, Hirozane T, Sasayama S. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist TCV-116 reduces graft coronary artery disease and preserves graft status in a murine model. Circulation 1996; 93: 333-339.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 333-339
    • Furukawa, Y.1    Matsumori, A.2    Hirozane, T.3    Sasayama, S.4
  • 37
    • 0027366404 scopus 로고
    • Captopril reduces graft coronary artery disease in a rat heterotopic transplant model
    • Kobayashi J, Crawford S, Backer C et al. Captopril reduces graft coronary artery disease in a rat heterotopic transplant model. Circulation 1993; 88: 286-290.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 286-290
    • Kobayashi, J.1    Crawford, S.2    Backer, C.3
  • 38
    • 0031444812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan cilexetil reduces renal allograft injury in Fisher Lewis rats
    • Mackenzie H, Ziai F, Nagano H et al. Candesartan cilexetil reduces renal allograft injury in Fisher Lewis rats. J Hypertens 1997; 15: S21-S25.
    • (1997) J. Hypertens. , vol.15
    • Mackenzie, H.1    Ziai, F.2    Nagano, H.3
  • 39
    • 0001184102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on growth factor mRNA in chronic renal allograft rejection in the rat
    • Szabo A, Lutz J, Scleimer K et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on growth factor mRNA in chronic renal allograft rejection in the rat. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 982-991.
    • (2000) Kidney Int. , vol.57 , pp. 982-991
    • Szabo, A.1    Lutz, J.2    Scleimer, K.3
  • 40
    • 0027428113 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines, adhesion molecules, and the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of rat renal allografts
    • Hancock WH, Whitley WL. Tullius SG et al. Cytokines, adhesion molecules, and the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of rat renal allografts. Transplantation 1993; 56: 643-650.
    • (1993) Transplantation , vol.56 , pp. 643-650
    • Hancock, W.H.1    Whitley, W.L.2    Tullius, S.G.3
  • 41
    • 0032946290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking chronic allograft nephropathy: The concept of accelerated senescence
    • Halloran PF, Melk A, Barth C. Rethinking chronic allograft nephropathy: the concept of accelerated senescence. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 167-181.
    • (1999) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.10 , pp. 167-181
    • Halloran, P.F.1    Melk, A.2    Barth, C.3
  • 42
    • 0034658101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of transforming growth factor beta in chronic renal allograft nephropathy
    • Jain S, Furness PN, Nicholson ML. The role of transforming growth factor beta in chronic renal allograft nephropathy. Transplantation 2000; 69: 1759-1766.
    • (2000) Transplantation , vol.69 , pp. 1759-1766
    • Jain, S.1    Furness, P.N.2    Nicholson, M.L.3
  • 43
    • 0033610246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta levels in human allograft chronic fibrosis correlate with rate of decline in renal function
    • Cuhaci B, Kumar MS, Bloom RD et al. Transforming growth factor-beta levels in human allograft chronic fibrosis correlate with rate of decline in renal function. Transplantation 1999; 68: 785-790.
    • (1999) Transplantation , vol.68 , pp. 785-790
    • Cuhaci, B.1    Kumar, M.S.2    Bloom, R.D.3
  • 44
    • 0032519407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in humans: Stimulation by cyclosporine
    • Shin GT, Khanna A, Ding R et al. In vivo expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in humans: stimulation by cyclosporine. Transplantation 1998; 65: 313.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.65 , pp. 313
    • Shin, G.T.1    Khanna, A.2    Ding, R.3
  • 45
    • 0033761241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of cyclosporin and tacrolimus on the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in isolated glomeruli from renal transplants
    • Bicknell G, Williams S, Shaw J et al. Differential effects of cyclosporin and tacrolimus on the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in isolated glomeruli from renal transplants. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 1569.
    • (2000) Br. J. Surg. , vol.87 , pp. 1569
    • Bicknell, G.1    Williams, S.2    Shaw, J.3
  • 46
    • 0028558807 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of reduced functioning mass to chronic kidney allograft dysfunction in rats
    • Heeman UW, Azuma H, Tullius SG et al. The contribution of reduced functioning mass to chronic kidney allograft dysfunction in rats. Transplantation 1994; 58: 1317-1322.
    • (1994) Transplantation , vol.58 , pp. 1317-1322
    • Heeman, U.W.1    Azuma, H.2    Tullius, S.G.3
  • 47
    • 0027160183 scopus 로고
    • Multiple autocrine growth factors modulate vascular smooth muscle growth response to angiotensin II
    • Itoh H, Mukoyama M, Pratt RE et al. Multiple autocrine growth factors modulate vascular smooth muscle growth response to angiotensin II. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 2268-2274.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.91 , pp. 2268-2274
    • Itoh, H.1    Mukoyama, M.2    Pratt, R.E.3
  • 48
    • 0025277164 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental glomerulonephritis by antiserum against transforming growth factor beta 1
    • Border WA, Okuda S, Languino, LR et al. Suppression of experimental glomerulonephritis by antiserum against transforming growth factor beta 1. Nature 1990; 346: 371-374.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 371-374
    • Border, W.A.1    Okuda, S.2    Languino, L.R.3
  • 49
    • 0024793652 scopus 로고
    • Control of hypertrophic versus hyperplastic growth of vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Owens G. Control of hypertrophic versus hyperplastic growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 1989; 257: H1755-H1765.
    • (1989) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.257
    • Owens, G.1
  • 50
    • 0031907886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II and gene expression in kidney
    • Klahr S, Morrissey J. Angiotensin II and gene expression in kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31: 171-176.
    • (1998) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.31 , pp. 171-176
    • Klahr, S.1    Morrissey, J.2
  • 51
  • 52
    • 0028295765 scopus 로고
    • Is the antiproteinuric effect ACE inhibition mediated by interference in the renin-angiotensin system?
    • Gasenvoort RT, de Zeeuw, de Jong PE et al. Is the antiproteinuric effect ACE inhibition mediated by interference in the renin-angiotensin system? Kidney Int 1994; 45: 861-867.
    • (1994) Kidney Int. , vol.45 , pp. 861-867
    • Gasenvoort, R.T.1    de Zeeuw, A.2    de Jong, P.E.3
  • 53
    • 0028822833 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor antagonists: Focus on losartan
    • Johnston CI. Angiotensin receptor antagonists: focus on losartan. Lancet 1995; 346: 1403-1407.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1403-1407
    • Johnston, C.I.1
  • 54
    • 0033970346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists in renal transplantation: An analysis of safety and efficacy
    • Stigant CE, Cohen J, Vivera M, Zaltzman JS. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists in renal transplantation: an analysis of safety and efficacy. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: 58-63.
    • (2000) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 58-63
    • Stigant, C.E.1    Cohen, J.2    Vivera, M.3    Zaltzman, J.S.4
  • 55
    • 0037087695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic allograft nephropathy
    • Lin J, Valeri A M, Markowitz GS et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplantation 2002; 73: 783-788.
    • (2002) Transplantation , vol.73 , pp. 783-788
    • Lin, J.1    Valeri, A.M.2    Markowitz, G.S.3
  • 56
    • 0033979599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs: Long-term consequences and challenges for the future
    • De Mattos A, Bennett W. Nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs: long-term consequences and challenges for the future. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: 333-346.
    • (2000) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 333-346
    • De Mattos, A.1    Bennett, W.2
  • 57
    • 0033981610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it time for ACE inhibitors in chronic allograft nephropathy
    • Lewis J, Helderman J. Is it time for ACE inhibitors in chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35: 154-156.
    • (2000) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 154-156
    • Lewis, J.1    Helderman, J.2
  • 58
    • 0034688144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibition in cardiovascular disease
    • Francis G. ACE inhibition in cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 201-202.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 201-202
    • Francis, G.1
  • 59
    • 0033104754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin I plays a pathogenic role in immune-mediated renal injury in mice
    • Hisada Y, Sugaya T, Yamanouchi M et al. Angiotensin I plays a pathogenic role in immune-mediated renal injury in mice. J Clin Invest 1999; 103: 627-635.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.103 , pp. 627-635
    • Hisada, Y.1    Sugaya, T.2    Yamanouchi, M.3
  • 60
    • 0033915694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II: An immune costimulator?
    • Morrissey JJ. Angiotensin II: an immune costimulator? Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36: 434-440.
    • (2000) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.36 , pp. 434-440
    • Morrissey, J.J.1
  • 61
    • 0032330789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal proximal tubular albumin reabsorption: Daily prevention of albuminuria
    • Gekle M. Renal proximal tubular albumin reabsorption: daily prevention of albuminuria. News Physiol Sci 1998; 13: 5-11.
    • (1998) News Physiol. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 5-11
    • Gekle, M.1
  • 62
    • 0029074975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal toxicity of albumin and other lipoproteins
    • Schreiner GF. Renal toxicity of albumin and other lipoproteins. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1998; 54: 369-373.
    • (1998) Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. , vol.54 , pp. 369-373
    • Schreiner, G.F.1
  • 63
    • 49749216119 scopus 로고
    • An immunoassay method for urinary albumin at low concentrations
    • Keen H, Chlouverakis C. An immunoassay method for urinary albumin at low concentrations. Lancet 1963; ii: 913-914.
    • (1963) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 913-914
    • Keen, H.1    Chlouverakis, C.2
  • 64
    • 0023134379 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical diabetic nephropathy
    • Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 1987; 31: 673-689.
    • (1987) Kidney Int. , vol.31 , pp. 673-689
    • Mogensen, C.E.1
  • 66
    • 0036062301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of microalbuminuria as a cardiovascular risk indicator: A review
    • Diercks GF, van Boven AJ, Hillege JL et al. The importance of microalbuminuria as a cardiovascular risk indicator: a review. Can J Cardiol 2002; 18: 525-535.
    • (2002) Can. J. Cardiol. , vol.18 , pp. 525-535
    • Diercks, G.F.1    van Boven, A.J.2    Hillege, J.L.3
  • 67
    • 0034949450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria: What is it? Why is it important? What should be done about it?
    • Bakris GL. Microalbuminuria: what is it? Why is it important? What should be done about it? J Clin Hypertens 2001; 3: 99.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Hypertens. , vol.3 , pp. 99
    • Bakris, G.L.1
  • 68
    • 0026696942 scopus 로고
    • Urinary albumin excretion, cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Stehouwer CDA, Naaauta JJP, Zeldenrust GC et al. Urinary albumin excretion, cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1992; 340: 319-323.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 319-323
    • Stehouwer, C.D.A.1    Naaauta, J.J.P.2    Zeldenrust, G.C.3
  • 69
    • 0025056543 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people
    • Damgaard EM, Froland A, Jorgensen OD, Mogensen CR. Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people. BMJ 1990; 300: 297-300.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 297-300
    • Damgaard, E.M.1    Froland, A.2    Jorgensen, O.D.3    Mogensen, C.R.4
  • 70
    • 0031831224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk
    • Lydakis C, Lip GY. Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk. Q J Med 1998; 91: 381-391.
    • (1998) Q. J. Med. , vol.91 , pp. 381-391
    • Lydakis, C.1    Lip, G.Y.2
  • 71
    • 0031668698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein frequently localises with the terminal complement complex in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries
    • Torzeweski J, Torzeweski M, Browyer DE et al. C-reactive protein frequently localises with the terminal complement complex in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1386-1392.
    • (1998) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1386-1392
    • Torzeweski, J.1    Torzeweski, M.2    Browyer, D.E.3
  • 72
    • 0025864489 scopus 로고
    • Screening for microalbuminuria which measurement?
    • Marshall SM. Screening for microalbuminuria which measurement? Diabet Med 1991; 8: 706-711.
    • (1991) Diabet. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 706-711
    • Marshall, S.M.1
  • 73
    • 0001902989 scopus 로고
    • St Vincent Declaration, 1994: Guidelines for the prevention of diabetic renal failure
    • Mogensen CE, Ed. 2nd edn. Boston: Kluwer
    • Viberti OC, Mogensen CE, Passa P et al. St Vincent Declaration, 1994: guidelines for the prevention of diabetic renal failure. In: Mogensen CE, Ed. The kidney and hypertension in diabetes mellitus, 2nd edn. Boston: Kluwer, 1994; 515-527.
    • (1994) The Kidney and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus , pp. 515-527
    • Viberti, O.C.1    Mogensen, C.E.2    Passa, P.3
  • 74
    • 0003662106 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diabetes mellitus: Report of a WHO study group
    • WHO Study Group on prevention of diabetes mellitus. WHO Technical Reports, series 844. Geneva: WHO
    • WHO Study Group on prevention of diabetes mellitus. Prevention of diabetes mellitus: report of a WHO study group. WHO Technical Reports, series 844. Geneva: WHO, 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 75
    • 0027986496 scopus 로고
    • Consensus Development Conference on the diagnosis and management of nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Consensus Development Conference on the diagnosis and management of nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 1357-1361.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1357-1361
  • 77
    • 0028867689 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to microalbuminuria
    • Mogensen CE, Keane WF, Bennet PH et al. Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to microalbuminuria. Lancet 1995; 346: 1080-1084.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1080-1084
    • Mogensen, C.E.1    Keane, W.F.2    Bennet, P.H.3
  • 78
    • 0027263426 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for development of microalbuminuria in insulin dependent diabetic patients: A cohort study
    • UK Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group
    • UK Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group. Risk factors for development of microalbuminuria in insulin dependent diabetic patients: a cohort study. BMJ 1993; 306: 1235-1239.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.306 , pp. 1235-1239
  • 79
    • 0029044480 scopus 로고
    • The natural course of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes: A 10-year prospective study
    • Mathiesen FR, Runn B, Storm B et al. The natural course of microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes: a 10-year prospective study. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 482-487.
    • (1995) Diabet. Med. , vol.12 , pp. 482-487
    • Mathiesen, F.R.1    Runn, B.2    Storm, B.3
  • 81
    • 0030934033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for development of incipient and overt nephropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: Prospective, observational study
    • Gall M-A, Hougaard P, Borch-Johnson K, Parving HH. Risk factors for development of incipient and overt nephropathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective, observational study. BMJ 1997; 314: 783-788.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.314 , pp. 783-788
    • Gall, M.-A.1    Hougaard, P.2    Borch-Johnson, K.3    Parving, H.H.4
  • 83
    • 0020045025 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Viberti GC, Jarrett RJ, Mahmud U et al. Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1982; i: 1430-1434.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1430-1434
    • Viberti, G.C.1    Jarrett, R.J.2    Mahmud, U.3
  • 84
    • 0021236983 scopus 로고
    • Predicting diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent patients
    • Mogensen CD, Christensen CK. Predicting diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent patients. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 89-93.
    • (1984) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.311 , pp. 89-93
    • Mogensen, C.D.1    Christensen, C.K.2
  • 85
    • 0021264995 scopus 로고
    • Incipient nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
    • Mathiesen ER, Oxens B, Johansen K et al. Incipient nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 1984; 26: 406-410.
    • (1984) Diabetologia , vol.26 , pp. 406-410
    • Mathiesen, E.R.1    Oxens, B.2    Johansen, K.3
  • 86
    • 0021873620 scopus 로고
    • The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Borch-Johnsen K, Andersen PK, Deckert T. The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 590-596.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , pp. 590-596
    • Borch-Johnsen, K.1    Andersen, P.K.2    Deckert, T.3
  • 87
    • 0023869752 scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria: A major risk factor in non-insulin dependent diabetes: A 10-year follow-up study of 503 patients
    • Schmitz A, Vaeth M. Microalbuminuria: a major risk factor in non-insulin dependent diabetes: a 10-year follow-up study of 503 patients. Diabet Med 1988; 5: 126-134.
    • (1988) Diabet. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 126-134
    • Schmitz, A.1    Vaeth, M.2
  • 88
    • 0028931327 scopus 로고
    • Albumin excretion and vascular deaths in NIDDM
    • MacLeod JM, Lutale J, Marshall SM. Albumin excretion and vascular deaths in NIDDM. Diabetologia 1995; 38: 610-616.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 610-616
    • MacLeod, J.M.1    Lutale, J.2    Marshall, S.M.3
  • 89
    • 0021275637 scopus 로고
    • Glycaemia, arterial pressure and microalbuminuria in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Wisseman M, Viberti GC, Mackintosh D et al. Glycaemia, arterial pressure and microalbuminuria in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1984; 14: 401-405.
    • (1984) Diabetologia , vol.14 , pp. 401-405
    • Wisseman, M.1    Viberti, G.C.2    Mackintosh, D.3
  • 90
    • 0029899236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple lipoprotein abnormalities in type 1 diabetic patients with renal disease
    • Elliot T, Ekstrand A, Franssila-Kallunki A et al. Multiple lipoprotein abnormalities in type 1 diabetic patients with renal disease. Diabetes 1996; 45: 974-979.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 974-979
    • Elliot, T.1    Ekstrand, A.2    Franssila-Kallunki, A.3
  • 91
    • 0028360601 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking in diabetes: An update
    • Muhlhauser I. Cigarette smoking in diabetes: an update. Diabet Med 1994; 11: 336-343.
    • (1994) Diabet. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 336-343
    • Muhlhauser, I.1
  • 92
    • 0028891431 scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria and mortality in diabetes: The WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes
    • and the WHO Multinational Study Group
    • Stephenson JM, Kenny S, Stevens LK et al, and the WHO Multinational Study Group. Proteinuria and mortality in diabetes: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 149-155.
    • (1995) Diabet. Med. , vol.12 , pp. 149-155
    • Stephenson, J.M.1    Kenny, S.2    Stevens, L.K.3
  • 93
    • 0036228082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension
    • Crippa G. Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16(suppl 1): S74-S77.
    • (2002) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Crippa, G.1
  • 94
    • 85047699710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microalbuminuria, an integrated marker of cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension
    • Pedrinelli R, Dell'Omo G, Di Bello V et al. Microalbuminuria, an integrated marker of cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16: 79-89.
    • (2002) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.16 , pp. 79-89
    • Pedrinelli, R.1    Dell'Omo, G.2    Di Bello, V.3
  • 95
    • 0025139876 scopus 로고
    • Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on barrier function in diabetic nephropathy
    • Morelli E, Loon N, Meyer T et al. Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on barrier function in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 1990; 39: 76-82.
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 76-82
    • Morelli, E.1    Loon, N.2    Meyer, T.3
  • 96
    • 0033519752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of long term efficacy of captopril on preservation of kidney function in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes and microalbuminuria
    • Mathiesen ER, Hommel E, Hansen HP et al. Randomized controlled trial of long term efficacy of captopril on preservation of kidney function in normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes and microalbuminuria. BMJ 1999; 319: 24-25
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 24-25
    • Mathiesen, E.R.1    Hommel, E.2    Hansen, H.P.3
  • 97
    • 0026594942 scopus 로고
    • Renal protective effect of enalapril in diabetic nephropathy
    • Björck S, Mulec H, Johnsen SA et al. Renal protective effect of enalapril in diabetic nephropathy. BMJ 1992; 304: 339-343.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 339-343
    • Björck, S.1    Mulec, H.2    Johnsen, S.A.3
  • 98
    • 0034700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE substudy
    • Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators
    • Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253-259.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 253-259
  • 99
    • 0032710268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood pressure control on the course of type 1 diabetic nephropathy
    • and the Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis JB, Berl T, Bain RP et al, and the Collaborative Study Group. Effect of intensive blood pressure control on the course of type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34: 809-817.
    • (1999) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.34 , pp. 809-817
    • Lewis, J.B.1    Berl, T.2    Bain, R.P.3
  • 100
    • 15844368318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency
    • and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group
    • Maschio G, Alberti D, Janin G et al, and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group. Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 939-945.
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.334 , pp. 939-945
    • Maschio, G.1    Alberti, D.2    Janin, G.3
  • 101
    • 0033620788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective properties of ACE-inhibition in non diabetic nepropathies with non-nephrotic proteinuria
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Gherardi G et al. Renoprotective properties of ACE-inhibition in non diabetic nepropathies with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Lancet 1999; 351: 359-364.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 359-364
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Gherardi, G.3
  • 102
    • 0032541831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial
    • Gruppo Italiano di Study Epidemiologici in Nefrologia (GISEN). Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropaty
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Gherardi G et al. Renal function and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial. Gruppo Italiano di Study Epidemiologici in Nefrologia (GISEN). Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropaty. Lancet 1998; 352: 2020-2022.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 2020-2022
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Gherardi, G.3
  • 103
    • 0032968407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and risk factors in renal transplant patients
    • Aakhus S, Dahl K, Wideroe TE. Cardiovascular morbidity and risk factors in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1999; 14: 648-654.
    • (1999) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.14 , pp. 648-654
    • Aakhus, S.1    Dahl, K.2    Wideroe, T.E.3
  • 104
    • 0033557193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis in renal transplant recipients: Relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and plasma lipoproteins
    • Barbagallo CM, Pinto A, Gallo S et al. Carotid atherosclerosis in renal transplant recipients: relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and plasma lipoproteins. Transplantation 1999; 67: 366-371.
    • (1999) Transplantation , vol.67 , pp. 366-371
    • Barbagallo, C.M.1    Pinto, A.2    Gallo, S.3
  • 105
    • 0031863754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotection in diabetics: Genetic and non-genetic risk factors treatment
    • Parving HH. Renoprotection in diabetics: genetic and non-genetic risk factors treatment. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 745-759.
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 745-759
    • Parving, H.H.1
  • 106
    • 0027525040 scopus 로고
    • Renal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes: Functional, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological correlation
    • Anderson S, Jung FF, Ingelfinger JR. Renal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes: functional, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological correlation. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: 477-486.
    • (1993) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.265 , pp. 477-486
    • Anderson, S.1    Jung, F.F.2    Ingelfinger, J.R.3
  • 107
    • 0025117505 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ameliorates glomerular filtration of macromolecules and water and lessens glomerular injury in the rat
    • Remuzzi G, Puntuorieri S, Battaglia C. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ameliorates glomerular filtration of macromolecules and water and lessens glomerular injury in the rat. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 541-549.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.85 , pp. 541-549
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Puntuorieri, S.2    Battaglia, C.3
  • 108
    • 0027517659 scopus 로고
    • The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy
    • for the Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis E, Hunsicker L, Bain R, Rhode R, for the Collaborative Study Group. The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1456-1462.
    • (1993) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.329 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Lewis, E.1    Hunsicker, L.2    Bain, R.3    Rhode, R.4
  • 109
    • 0031761684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hypertension and its sequelae with ACE inhibition: Biochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects
    • Rangoonwala B, Rosenthal J. Management of hypertension and its sequelae with ACE inhibition: biochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Int J Clin Pract 1998; 52: 492-500.
    • (1998) Int. J. Clin. Pract. , vol.52 , pp. 492-500
    • Rangoonwala, B.1    Rosenthal, J.2
  • 110
    • 0029010357 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of kinins to the cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Linz W, Wiemer G, Gohlke P et al. Contribution of kinins to the cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 1995; 47: 25-29.
    • (1995) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 25-29
    • Linz, W.1    Wiemer, G.2    Gohlke, P.3
  • 111
    • 0027368412 scopus 로고
    • The long-term low-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment increases vascular cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate
    • Gohlke P, Lamberty K, Kuwer I et al. The long-term low-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment increases vascular cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. Hypertension 1993; 22: 682-687.
    • (1993) Hypertension , vol.22 , pp. 682-687
    • Gohlke, P.1    Lamberty, K.2    Kuwer, I.3
  • 112
    • 0033589756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2 study
    • for the Stop Hypertension 2 study group
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T et al, for the Stop Hypertension 2 study group. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2 study. Lancet 1999; 354: 1751-1756.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1751-1756
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Ekbom, T.3
  • 113
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • for the Systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial investigators
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Lutgarde T et al, for the Systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial investigators. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997; 350: 757-764.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 757-764
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Lutgarde, T.3
  • 114
    • 0033034404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) ranomised trial
    • for the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) study group
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L et al, for the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) study group. Effect of angiotensin-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) ranomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 611-616.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 611-616
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Niskanen, L.3
  • 115
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high risk patients
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-153.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
  • 116
    • 0023266532 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study
    • The Consensus Trial Study Group
    • The Consensus Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435.
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.316 , pp. 1429-1435
  • 117
    • 0033534085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure
    • on behalf of the ATLAS Study Group
    • Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW et al, on behalf of the ATLAS Study Group. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation 1999; 100: 2312-2318.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 2312-2318
    • Packer, M.1    Poole-Wilson, P.A.2    Armstrong, P.W.3
  • 118
    • 0026786643 scopus 로고
    • Effects of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial
    • on behalf of the SAVE investigators
    • Pfeffer MA, Branwald E, Moya LA et al, on behalf of the SAVE investigators. Effects of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.327 , pp. 669-677
    • Pfeffer, M.A.1    Branwald, E.2    Moya, L.A.3
  • 119
    • 0027423378 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
    • The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) study investigators
    • The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) study investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-828.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 821-828
  • 120
    • 0030995759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) study
    • on behalf of AIREX study investigators
    • Hall AS, Murray GD, Ball SG, on behalf of AIREX study investigators. Follow-up study of patients randomly allocated ramipril or placebo for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction: AIRE Extension (AIREX) study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1493-1497.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1493-1497
    • Hall, A.S.1    Murray, G.D.2    Ball, S.G.3
  • 121
    • 9044239676 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
    • for the Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study group
    • Kober L, Torp-Pederson C, Carlson JE et al, for the Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study group. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1670-1676.
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.333 , pp. 1670-1676
    • Kober, L.1    Torp-Pederson, C.2    Carlson, J.E.3
  • 122
    • 0028273258 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6- week mortality and ventricular function after myocardial infarction
    • GISSI-3 (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della sopravvivenza nell' Infarto Miocardico)
    • GISSI-3 (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della sopravvivenza nell' Infarto Miocardico). Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6- week mortality and ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 343: 1115-1122.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1115-1122
  • 123
    • 0028376692 scopus 로고
    • Renal protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM: Role of baseline albuminuria
    • Lebovitz HE, Weigmann TB, Cnaan A et al. Renal protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM: role of baseline albuminuria. Kidney Int 1994; 45: S150-S155.
    • (1994) Kidney Int. , vol.45
    • Lebovitz, H.E.1    Weigmann, T.B.2    Cnaan, A.3
  • 124
    • 0033055724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: The Steno type 2 randomised study
    • Gaede P, Vedel P, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: the Steno type 2 randomised study. Lancet 1999; 353: 617-622.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 617-622
    • Gaede, P.1    Vedel, P.2    Parving, H.H.3    Pedersen, O.4
  • 125
    • 0030980370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of lisinopril and atenolol on kidney function in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects with diabetic nephropathy
    • Nielsen FS, Rossing P, Gall MA et al. Long-term effect of lisinopril and atenolol on kidney function in hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1182-1188.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1182-1188
    • Nielsen, F.S.1    Rossing, P.2    Gall, M.A.3
  • 126
    • 0030604561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial on effect of ramipril on decline in GFR and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric non-diabetic nephropathy
    • The GISEN group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia)
    • The GISEN group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia). Randomised placebo-controlled trial on effect of ramipril on decline in GFR and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1997; 349: 1857-1863.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1857-1863
  • 127
    • 0033620788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective properties of ACE-inhibition in non diabetic nepropathies with non-nephrotic proteinuria
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Gherardi G et al. Renoprotective properties of ACE-inhibition in non diabetic nepropathies with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Lancet 1999; 351: 359.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 359
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Gherardi, G.3
  • 128
    • 0037145856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: Results from the AASK trial
    • for the African American study of kidney disease and hypertension study group
    • Wright JT, Bakris G, Greene T et al, for the African American study of kidney disease and hypertension study group. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 2421-2431.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2421-2431
    • Wright, J.T.1    Bakris, G.2    Greene, T.3
  • 129
    • 0028097521 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II antagonist DuP 753 and TCV 116
    • Brunner HR, Delacretaz E, Nussberger J et al. Angiotensin II antagonist DuP 753 and TCV 116. J Hypertens 1994; 12(suppl 1): S29-S34.
    • (1994) J. Hypertens. , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Brunner, H.R.1    Delacretaz, E.2    Nussberger, J.3
  • 130
    • 0026719883 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between Ang II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure
    • Reid IA. Interaction between Ang II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: E763-E778.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.262
    • Reid, I.A.1
  • 131
    • 0031727915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting TGF-β1 over-expression in renal disease: Maximizing the antifibrotic action of angiotensin II blockade
    • Peters H, Noble NA, Border WA. Targeting TGF-β1 over-expression in renal disease: maximizing the antifibrotic action of angiotensin II blockade. Kidney Int 1998; 54: 1575-1583.
    • (1998) Kidney Int. , vol.54 , pp. 1575-1583
    • Peters, H.1    Noble, N.A.2    Border, W.A.3
  • 132
    • 0031753921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships among diabetes, microalbuminuria, and ACE inhibition
    • De Cotret PR. Relationships among diabetes, microalbuminuria, and ACE inhibition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32(suppl 2): S9-S17.
    • (1998) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • De Cotret, P.R.1
  • 133
    • 0034030466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II antagonists for hypertension: Are there differences in efficacy?
    • Corlin PR, Spence JD, Williams B et al. Angiotensin II antagonists for hypertension: are there differences in efficacy? Am J Hypertens 2000; 13: 418-426.
    • (2000) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.13 , pp. 418-426
    • Corlin, P.R.1    Spence, J.D.2    Williams, B.3
  • 134
    • 0030694110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irbesartan: A review of its pharmacodynamic and phamacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of hypertension
    • Gillis JC, Markham A. Irbesartan: a review of its pharmacodynamic and phamacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of hypertension. Drugs 1997; 54: 885-902.
    • (1997) Drugs , vol.54 , pp. 885-902
    • Gillis, J.C.1    Markham, A.2
  • 135
    • 0030722238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candersartan cilexetil: A new long-acting, effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker
    • Sever P. Candersartan cilexetil: a new long-acting, effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker. J Hum Hypertens 1997; 11(suppl 2): S91-S95.
    • (1997) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Sever, P.1
  • 136
    • 0031907449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan with atenolol for treatment of hypertension
    • Stumpe KO, Haworth D, Höglund C et al. Comparison of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan with atenolol for treatment of hypertension. Blood Press 1998; 7: 31-37.
    • (1998) Blood Press , vol.7 , pp. 31-37
    • Stumpe, K.O.1    Haworth, D.2    Höglund, C.3
  • 137
    • 0029807227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: A comparative study of the efficacy and safety against amlodipine
    • Corea L, Cardoni O, Fogari R et al. Valsartan, a new angiotensin II antagonist for the treatment of essential hypertension: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety against amlodipine. Clin Pharm Ther 1996; 60: 341-346.
    • (1996) Clin. Pharm. Ther. , vol.60 , pp. 341-346
    • Corea, L.1    Cardoni, O.2    Fogari, R.3
  • 138
    • 0030040951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan and low-dose hydroclorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of concomitant administration compared with individual components
    • Mackay JH, Arcuri KE, Goldberg AI et al. Losartan and low-dose hydroclorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of concomitant administration compared with individual components. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 278-285.
    • (1996) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 278-285
    • Mackay, J.H.1    Arcuri, K.E.2    Goldberg, A.I.3
  • 139
    • 0030724898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with candersartan cilexetil plus hydrochlorothiazide in patients unresponsive to low-dose hydrochlorothiazide
    • Plouin PF. Combination therapy with candersartan cilexetil plus hydrochlorothiazide in patients unresponsive to low-dose hydrochlorothiazide. J Hum Hypertens 1997; 11(suppl 2): S65-S66.
    • (1997) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Plouin, P.F.1
  • 140
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • for the LIFE study group
    • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al, for the LIFE study group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3
  • 141
    • 0027379394 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Gottlieb S, Dickestein K, Fleck E et al. Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993; 88: 1602-1609.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1602-1609
    • Gottlieb, S.1    Dickestein, K.2    Fleck, E.3
  • 142
    • 0033117190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-related beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical efficacy of irbesartan in heart failure
    • for the Irbesartan Heart Failure Group
    • Havranek EP, Thomas I, Smith WB et al, for the Irbesartan Heart Failure Group. Dose-related beneficial long-term hemodynamic and clinical efficacy of irbesartan in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1174-1181.
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1174-1181
    • Havranek, E.P.1    Thomas, I.2    Smith, W.B.3
  • 143
    • 0030902115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure
    • on behalf of ELITE study Investigators. (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE)
    • Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA et al, on behalf of ELITE study Investigators. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet 1997; 349: 747-752.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 747-752
    • Pitt, B.1    Segal, R.2    Martinez, F.A.3
  • 144
    • 0034612118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Randomised trial. (Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study) ELITE II
    • on behalf of the ELITE-II investigators
    • Pitt B, Poole-Wilson P, Segal R et al, on behalf of the ELITE-II investigators. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial (Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study) ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582-1587.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1582-1587
    • Pitt, B.1    Poole-Wilson, P.2    Segal, R.3
  • 145
    • 0035818884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of the angiotensin-blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure
    • for the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators
    • Cohn JN, Tognoni G, for the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1667-1675.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1667-1675
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Tognoni, G.2
  • 146
    • 0037036971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction. The OPTIMAAL randomised trial
    • and the OPTIMAAL Steering Committee for the OPTIMAAL study group
    • Dickstein K, Kjekshus J, and the OPTIMAAL Steering Committee for the OPTIMAAL study group. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction. The OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 306: 752-760.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.306 , pp. 752-760
    • Dickstein, K.1    Kjekshus, J.2
  • 147
    • 0035922441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • for the RENAAL Study Investigators
    • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, De Zeeuw et al, for the RENAAL Study Investigators. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 861-869.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 861-869
    • Brenner, B.M.1    Cooper, M.E.2    De Zeeuw, A.3
  • 148
    • 0035922447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes
    • for the Collaborative Study Group
    • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al, for the Collaborative Study Group. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 851-860.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 851-860
    • Lewis, E.J.1    Hunsicker, L.G.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 149
    • 0035922444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • for the irbesartan in patients with type 2 and microalbuminuria study group
    • Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brôchner-Mortensen J et al, for the irbesartan in patients with type 2 and microalbuminuria study group. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870-878.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 870-878
    • Parving, H.H.1    Lehnert, H.2    Brôchner-Mortensen, J.3
  • 150
    • 0022544541 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat
    • Anderson S, Rennke HG, Brenner BM. Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat. J Clin Invest 1986, 77: 1993-2000.
    • (1986) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.77 , pp. 1993-2000
    • Anderson, S.1    Rennke, H.G.2    Brenner, B.M.3
  • 151
    • 0021948044 scopus 로고
    • Control of glomerular hypertension limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass
    • Anderson S, Meyer TW, Rennke HG et al. Control of glomerular hypertension limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 612-619.
    • (1985) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.76 , pp. 612-619
    • Anderson, S.1    Meyer, T.W.2    Rennke, H.G.3
  • 153
    • 0027972824 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonists versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: Effects on renal function
    • Jover B, Mimran A. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: effects on renal function. J Hypertens 1994; 12(suppl 9): S3-S7.
    • (1994) J. Hypertens. , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 9
    • Jover, B.1    Mimran, A.2
  • 155
    • 0024386552 scopus 로고
    • Effect of captopril on blood pressure and kidney function in normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy
    • Parving HH, Hommel E, Nielsen MD, Griese J. Effect of captopril on blood pressure and kidney function in normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy. BMJ 1989: 299: 533-536.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.299 , pp. 533-536
    • Parving, H.H.1    Hommel, E.2    Nielsen, M.D.3    Griese, J.4
  • 156
    • 0026675062 scopus 로고
    • Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction
    • Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992; 359: 641-644.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 641-644
    • Cambien, F.1    Poirier, O.2    Lecerf, L.3
  • 157
    • 0026581089 scopus 로고
    • PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCP1) (dipeptidyl-carboxy peptidase 1)
    • Rigat B, Hubert C, Corvol P, Soubrier F. PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin converting enzyme gene (DCP1) (dipeptidyl-carboxy peptidase 1). Nucl Acids Res 1992; 20: 1433.
    • (1992) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.20 , pp. 1433
    • Rigat, B.1    Hubert, C.2    Corvol, P.3    Soubrier, F.4
  • 158
    • 0024289644 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of micro-albuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patient
    • Parving HH, Hommel E, Mathiesen ER et al. Prevalence of micro-albuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patient. BMJ 1988; 296: 156-160.
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.296 , pp. 156-160
    • Parving, H.H.1    Hommel, E.2    Mathiesen, E.R.3
  • 159
    • 0033614449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of sympathetic activity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure
    • Ligtenberg G, Blankestijn PJ, Oey OL et al. Reduction of sympathetic activity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1321-1328.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 1321-1328
    • Ligtenberg, G.1    Blankestijn, P.J.2    Oey, O.L.3
  • 160
    • 0029066471 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced pressor response to angiotensin I in normotensive men with the deletion genotype (DD) for angiotensin-converting enzyme
    • Ueda S, Elliot HL, Morton JJ et al. Enhanced pressor response to angiotensin I in normotensive men with the deletion genotype (DD) for angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension 1995; 25: 1266-1269.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 1266-1269
    • Ueda, S.1    Elliot, H.L.2    Morton, J.J.3
  • 161
    • 0032542030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE (I/D) genotype as a predictors of the magnitude and duration of the response to an ACE inhibitor drug (enalaprilat) in humans
    • Ueda S, Meredith PA. ACE (I/D) genotype as a predictors of the magnitude and duration of the response to an ACE inhibitor drug (enalaprilat) in humans. Circulation 1998; 98: 2148-2153.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 2148-2153
    • Ueda, S.1    Meredith, P.A.2
  • 162
    • 0031053270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal hemodynamic changes induced by captopril and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism
    • Mizuiri S, Hemmi H, Inoue A et al. Renal hemodynamic changes induced by captopril and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism. Nephron 1997; 75: 310-314.
    • (1997) Nephron , vol.75 , pp. 310-314
    • Mizuiri, S.1    Hemmi, H.2    Inoue, A.3
  • 163
    • 0028848097 scopus 로고
    • Role of the deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy
    • Yoshida H, Mitarai T, Kawamura T et al. Role of the deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy. J Clin lnvest 1995; 96: 2162-2169.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.96 , pp. 2162-2169
    • Yoshida, H.1    Mitarai, T.2    Kawamura, T.3
  • 164
    • 0029907529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of genetic polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme in the progression of renal diseases
    • McLaughlin KJ, Harden PN, Ueda S et al. The role of genetic polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme in the progression of renal diseases. Hypertension 1996; 28: 912-915.
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.28 , pp. 912-915
    • McLaughlin, K.J.1    Harden, P.N.2    Ueda, S.3
  • 165
    • 0025165779 scopus 로고
    • An insertion-deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels
    • Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F et al. An insertion-deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1343-1346.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.86 , pp. 1343-1346
    • Rigat, B.1    Hubert, C.2    Alhenc-Gelas, F.3
  • 166
    • 0027944771 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of arterial hypertension in diabetic patients before and after the JNC-V
    • Tarnow L, Rossing P, Gall M-A et al. Prevalence of arterial hypertension in diabetic patients before and after the JNC-V. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 1247-1251.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1247-1251
    • Tarnow, L.1    Rossing, P.2    Gall, M.-A.3
  • 167
    • 0342591795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism predicts the effect of ACE inhibitor (ACEI) on the progression of nephropathy in Japanese NIDDM patients
    • [abstract]
    • Tomonaga P, Ujihara N, Yokoyama H et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism predicts the effect of ACE inhibitor (ACEI) on the progression of nephropathy in Japanese NIDDM patients [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997; 8: 120A.
    • (1997) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.8
    • Tomonaga, P.1    Ujihara, N.2    Yokoyama, H.3
  • 168
    • 0029830688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene on progression of diabetic nephropathy during inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme: Observational follow up study?
    • Parving HH, Jacobsen P, Tarnow L et al. Effect of deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene on progression of diabetic nephropathy during inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme: observational follow up study? BMJ 1996; 313: 591-594.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 591-594
    • Parving, H.H.1    Jacobsen, P.2    Tarnow, L.3
  • 169
    • 0032969983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, microalbuminuria and hypertension
    • Sheth JJ. Diabetes, microalbuminuria and hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21: 61-68.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Hypertens. , vol.21 , pp. 61-68
    • Sheth, J.J.1
  • 170
    • 0028011891 scopus 로고
    • Effects of captopril on progression to clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria
    • European Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group
    • Viberti GC, Mogensen CE, Groop LC, Pants JF. Effects of captopril on progression to clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. European Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group. JAMA 1994; 271: 275-279.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 275-279
    • Viberti, G.C.1    Mogensen, C.E.2    Groop, L.C.3    Pants, J.F.4
  • 171
    • 0023737501 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive diabetics with microalbuminuria
    • Marre M, Chatelier G, Leblanc H et al. Prevention of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive diabetics with microalbuminuria. BMJ 1988; 297: 1092-1095.
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.297 , pp. 1092-1095
    • Marre, M.1    Chatelier, G.2    Leblanc, H.3
  • 172
    • 0027216326 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy
    • O'Donnell MJ, Rowe BR, Lawson N et al. Placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. J Hum Hypertens 1993; 7: 327-332.
    • (1993) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.7 , pp. 327-332
    • O'Donnell, M.J.1    Rowe, B.R.2    Lawson, N.3
  • 173
    • 0028860451 scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive IDDM patients with microalbuminuria
    • North American Microalbuminuria study Group
    • Laffel LMB, McGill JB, Gans DJ. The beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. North American Microalbuminuria study Group. Am J Med 1995; 99: 497-504.
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. , vol.99 , pp. 497-504
    • Laffel, L.M.B.1    McGill, J.B.2    Gans, D.J.3
  • 174
    • 0025900290 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of captopril in postponing nephropathy in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    • Mathiesen E, Hummel E, Giese J et al. Efficacy of captopril in postponing nephropathy in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. BMJ 1991; 303: 81-87.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 81-87
    • Mathiesen, E.1    Hummel, E.2    Giese, J.3
  • 175
    • 0031792760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion, prediction and prevention of progression in diabetic nephropathy
    • Rossing P. Promotion, prediction and prevention of progression in diabetic nephropathy. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 900-919.
    • (1998) Diabet. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 900-919
    • Rossing, P.1
  • 176
    • 0034951087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term beneficial effects of ACE inhibition on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1 diabetic patient
    • Parving HH, Hommel E, Ruud Jensen B et al. Long-term beneficial effects of ACE inhibition on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive type 1 diabetic patient. Kidney Int 2001; 60: 228-234.
    • (2001) Kidney Int. , vol.60 , pp. 228-234
    • Parving, H.H.1    Hommel, E.2    Ruud Jensen, B.3
  • 177
    • 0028887054 scopus 로고
    • Antiproteinuric effect of blood pressure lowering agents: A meta-analysis of comparative trials
    • Gasenvoort RT, Sluiter WJ, Hemmelder MU et al. Antiproteinuric effect of blood pressure lowering agents: a meta-analysis of comparative trials. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1995; 10: 1963-1974.
    • (1995) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.10 , pp. 1963-1974
    • Gasenvoort, R.T.1    Sluiter, W.J.2    Hemmelder, M.U.3
  • 178
    • 0035814977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should all type 1 diabetic microalbuminuria patients receive ACE inhibitors?
    • The ACE inhibitors in diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group
    • The ACE inhibitors in diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group. Should all type 1 diabetic microalbuminuria patients receive ACE inhibitors? Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 370-379.
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.134 , pp. 370-379
  • 179
    • 0028789082 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of different antihypertensive drugs in human diabetic nephropathy: An updated meta-analysis
    • Weidmann P, Schneider M, Boehlen LM. Therapeutic efficacy of different antihypertensive drugs in human diabetic nephropathy: an updated meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1995; 10: 39-45.
    • (1995) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.10 , pp. 39-45
    • Weidmann, P.1    Schneider, M.2    Boehlen, L.M.3
  • 180
    • 0027049331 scopus 로고
    • Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes: A meta-regression analysis
    • Kasiske BL, Kalil RS, Ma JZ et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes: a meta-regression analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 129-138.
    • (1993) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.118 , pp. 129-138
    • Kasiske, B.L.1    Kalil, R.S.2    Ma, J.Z.3
  • 181
    • 0342636985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Captopril reduces the risk of nephropathy in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria
    • Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group
    • Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group. Captopril reduces the risk of nephropathy in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 587-593.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 587-593
  • 182
    • 0002921949 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of captopril in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: 8 years follow-up
    • Mathiesen E, Hommel E, Smith U et al. Efficacy of captopril in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: 8 years follow-up. Diabetologia 1995; 38: A46.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38
    • Mathiesen, E.1    Hommel, E.2    Smith, U.3
  • 183
    • 0000747745 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of captopril on kidney function in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients (IDDM) with diabetic nephropathy
    • [abstract]
    • Hommel E, Jensen B, Parving HH. Long-term effect of captopril on kidney function in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients (IDDM) with diabetic nephropathy [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995; 6: 450.
    • (1995) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.6 , pp. 450
    • Hommel, E.1    Jensen, B.2    Parving, H.H.3
  • 184
    • 0027286787 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type 1 diabetes
    • Wang PU, Lau J, Chalmers TC. Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type 1 diabetes. Lancet 1993; 341: 1306-1309.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 1306-1309
    • Wang, P.U.1    Lau, J.2    Chalmers, T.C.3
  • 185
    • 0029076841 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Kidney Int 1995; 47: 1703-1720.
    • (1995) Kidney Int. , vol.47 , pp. 1703-1720
  • 186
    • 0030012314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal evaluation of renal function in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with early nephropathy: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition
    • Vora JP, Leese GP, Peters JR, Owens DR. Longitudinal evaluation of renal function in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with early nephropathy: effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. J Diabetes Complications 1996; 10: 88-93.
    • (1996) J. Diabetes Complications , vol.10 , pp. 88-93
    • Vora, J.P.1    Leese, G.P.2    Peters, J.R.3    Owens, D.R.4
  • 187
    • 0027517013 scopus 로고
    • Long-term stabilizing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on plasma creatinine and on proteinuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients
    • Ravid M, Savin H, Jutrin I et al. Long-term stabilizing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on plasma creatinine and on proteinuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 577-581.
    • (1993) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.118 , pp. 577-581
    • Ravid, M.1    Savin, H.2    Jutrin, I.3
  • 188
    • 9044252719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term enalapril treatment on persistent micro-albuminuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients: Results of a 4-year, prospective, randomized study
    • Sano T, Hotta N, Kawamura T et al. Effects of long-term enalapril treatment on persistent micro-albuminuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients: results of a 4-year, prospective, randomized study. Diabet Med 1996; 13: 120-124.
    • (1996) Diabet. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 120-124
    • Sano, T.1    Hotta, N.2    Kawamura, T.3
  • 189
    • 0030770447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective postponement of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    • Ahmad J, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad H. Effective postponement of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1576-1581.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 1576-1581
    • Ahmad, J.1    Siddiqui, M.A.2    Ahmad, H.3
  • 190
    • 0028376692 scopus 로고
    • Renal protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM: Role of baseline albuminuria
    • Levovitz HE, Weigmann TB, Cnaan A et al. Renal protective effects of enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM: role of baseline albuminuria. Kidney Int 1994; 45: S150-S155.
    • (1994) Kidney Int. , vol.45
    • Levovitz, H.E.1    Weigmann, T.B.2    Cnaan, A.3
  • 191
    • 0029961207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive therapies on progression of NIDDM associated nephropathy
    • Bakris GL, Copley JB, Vicknair N et al. Calcium channel blockers versus other antihypertensive therapies on progression of NIDDM associated nephropathy. Kidney Int 1996; 50: 1641-1650.
    • (1996) Kidney Int. , vol.50 , pp. 1641-1650
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Copley, J.B.2    Vicknair, N.3
  • 192
    • 0035221776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    • Lovell HG. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Cochrane Database Syst 2001; 1: CD002183.
    • (2001) Cochrane Database Syst. , vol.1
    • Lovell, H.G.1
  • 193
    • 0033620802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renoprotective therapy: Titration against urinary protein excretion
    • De Jong PE, Navis GJ, de Zeeuw D. Renoprotective therapy: titration against urinary protein excretion. Lancet 1999; 354: 352-353.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 352-353
    • De Jong, P.E.1    Navis, G.J.2    de Zeeuw, D.3
  • 194
    • 0034957257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affecting the decline of renal function in diabetes mellitus
    • Steffes MW. Affecting the decline of renal function in diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 2001; 60: 378-379.
    • (2001) Kidney Int. , vol.60 , pp. 378-379
    • Steffes, M.W.1
  • 195
    • 0030056947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term renoprotection effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Ravid M, Lang R, Rachman R et al. Long-term renoprotection effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 286-289.
    • (1996) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 286-289
    • Ravid, M.1    Lang, R.2    Rachman, R.3
  • 196
    • 0007397688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium-channel blockade in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    • Jerums G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium-channel blockade in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Nephrology 1997; 3(suppl I): S4.
    • (1997) Nephrology , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. I
    • Jerums, G.1
  • 197
    • 6844249427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lisinopril and nifedipine on the progression to overt albuminuria in IDDM patients with incipient nephropathy and normal blood pressure
    • Crepaldi G, Carta Q, Defferari G et al. Effects of lisinopril and nifedipine on the progression to overt albuminuria in IDDM patients with incipient nephropathy and normal blood pressure. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 104-110.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 104-110
    • Crepaldi, G.1    Carta, Q.2    Defferari, G.3
  • 198
    • 9044235779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cilazapril and amlodipine on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM patients
    • Velussi M, Brocco E, Frigato F et al. Effects of cilazapril and amlodipine on kidney function in hypertensive NIDDM patients. Diabetes 1996; 45: 216-222.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 216-222
    • Velussi, M.1    Brocco, E.2    Frigato, F.3
  • 199
    • 0029117696 scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists alone or combined: Is there a difference on progression of diabetic renal disease?
    • Bakris GL. ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists alone or combined: is there a difference on progression of diabetic renal disease? J Hypertens 1995; 13(suppl 2): S95-S101.
    • (1995) J. Hypertens. , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bakris, G.L.1
  • 200
    • 57249085713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal hemodynamic and antiproteinuric response to an ACE inhibitor, trandolapril or calcium antagonist, verapamil, alone or in fixed dose combination in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized multicentre study
    • [abstract]
    • Bakris GL, Weir M, De Quattro V et al. Renal hemodynamic and antiproteinuric response to an ACE inhibitor, trandolapril or calcium antagonist, verapamil, alone or in fixed dose combination in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized multicentre study [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 1546.
    • (1996) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.7 , pp. 1546
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Weir, M.2    De Quattro, V.3
  • 201
    • 0007401957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reduce albuminuria but do not affect glomerular structure in type 1 diabetic nephropathy
    • on behalf of the ESPRIT Study Group
    • Baines LA, White KA, Macleod JM, Bilous RW, on behalf of the ESPRIT Study Group. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reduce albuminuria but do not affect glomerular structure in type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Diabet Med 1999; 16(suppl 1): A78.
    • (1999) Diabet. Med. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Baines, L.A.1    White, K.A.2    Macleod, J.M.3    Bilous, R.W.4
  • 202
    • 0029029238 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of antihypertensive agents on proteinuria and renal function
    • Maki DD, Ma JZ, Louis TA, Kasiske BA. Long-term effects of antihypertensive agents on proteinuria and renal function. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 1073-1080.
    • (1995) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.155 , pp. 1073-1080
    • Maki, D.D.1    Ma, J.Z.2    Louis, T.A.3    Kasiske, B.A.4
  • 203
    • 0034627208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive-, microalbuminuric, noninsulin dependent diabetes: The Calm Study
    • Mogensen CL. Neldam S, Tikkanen I et al. Role of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive-, microalbuminuric, noninsulin dependent diabetes: The Calm Study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1440-1444.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1440-1444
    • Mogensen, C.L.1    Neldam, S.2    Tikkanen, I.3
  • 204
    • 0032906385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In chronic nephropathies prolonged ACE inhibition can induce remissions: Dynamics of time dependent changes in GFR
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Benini R et al. In chronic nephropathies prolonged ACE inhibition can induce remissions: dynamics of time dependent changes in GFR. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 907-1006.
    • (1999) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.10 , pp. 907-1006
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Benini, R.3
  • 205
    • 0031758861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, and blood pressure control on chronic non diabetic nephropathies
    • for the Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia (GISEN)
    • Ruggenenti O, Perna P, Benini R et al, for the Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia (GISEN). Effects of dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, and blood pressure control on chronic non diabetic nephropathies. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9: 2096-2101.
    • (1998) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.9 , pp. 2096-2101
    • Ruggenenti, O.1    Perna, P.2    Benini, R.3
  • 206
    • 0028838569 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and progression of renal disease
    • The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study
    • Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkat JM et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1955; 123: 754-762.
    • (1955) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.123 , pp. 754-762
    • Peterson, J.C.1    Adler, S.2    Burkat, J.M.3
  • 207
    • 0035203597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitors to prevent end-stage renal disease: When to start and why possible never stop: A post hoc analysis of the REIN trial results. Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy
    • Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nephropathy
    • Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Remuzzi G. Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nephropathy. ACE inhibitors to prevent end-stage renal disease: when to start and why possible never stop: a post hoc analysis of the REIN trial results. Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2832-2837.
    • (2001) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.12 , pp. 2832-2837
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perna, A.2    Remuzzi, G.3
  • 208
    • 0028080334 scopus 로고
    • Remission of nephrotic range proteinuria in type 1 diabetes?
    • Collaborative Study Group
    • Herbert LA, Bain RP, Verme D et al. Remission of nephrotic range proteinuria in type 1 diabetes? Collaborative Study Group. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 1688-1693.
    • (1994) Kidney Int. , vol.46 , pp. 1688-1693
    • Herbert, L.A.1    Bain, R.P.2    Verme, D.3
  • 209
    • 0035902622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of non diabetic renal disease: A meta-analysis of patient-level data
    • Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of non diabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 73-87.
    • (2001) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.135 , pp. 73-87
    • Jafar, T.H.1    Schmid, C.H.2    Landa, M.3
  • 210
    • 0033237251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosing angiotensin blockers: Beyond blood pressure
    • Peters H, Ritz Z. Dosing angiotensin blockers: beyond blood pressure. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1999; 14: 2568-2570.
    • (1999) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.14 , pp. 2568-2570
    • Peters, H.1    Ritz, Z.2
  • 211
    • 0032573717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic findings from 2-year protocol biopsies from a US multicenter kidney transplant trial comparing tacrolimus versus cyclosporine: A report of the FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group
    • Solez K, Vincenti F, Filo RS. Histopathologic findings from 2-year protocol biopsies from a US multicenter kidney transplant trial comparing tacrolimus versus cyclosporine: a report of the FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group. Transplantation 1998; 66: 1736.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.66 , pp. 1736
    • Solez, K.1    Vincenti, F.2    Filo, R.S.3
  • 212
    • 0034061860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic allograft dysfunction: Mechanisms and new approaches to therapy
    • Womer K, Vella J, Sayegh M. Chronic allograft dysfunction: mechanisms and new approaches to therapy. Semin Nephrol 2000; 20: 126.
    • (2000) Semin. Nephrol. , vol.20 , pp. 126
    • Womer, K.1    Vella, J.2    Sayegh, M.3
  • 213
    • 0025139876 scopus 로고
    • Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on barrier function in diabetic nephropathy
    • Morelli E, Loon N, Meyer TW et al. Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on barrier function in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 1990; 39: 79-82.
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 79-82
    • Morelli, E.1    Loon, N.2    Meyer, T.W.3
  • 214
    • 0031778798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting single-kidney allografts from long-term functional deterioration
    • Remuzzi G, Perico N. Protecting single-kidney allografts from long-term functional deterioration. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9: 1321-1332.
    • (1998) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.9 , pp. 1321-1332
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Perico, N.2
  • 215
    • 0026211785 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and treatment of post-transplant hypertension
    • Luke RG. Pathophysiology and treatment of post-transplant hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 1991; 2: S37-S44.
    • (1991) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.2
    • Luke, R.G.1
  • 217
    • 0023521419 scopus 로고
    • Possible causes and consequences of hypertension in stable renal transplant patients
    • Kasiske BL. Possible causes and consequences of hypertension in stable renal transplant patients. Transplantation 1987; 44: 639-643.
    • (1987) Transplantation , vol.44 , pp. 639-643
    • Kasiske, B.L.1
  • 218
    • 0028849294 scopus 로고
    • Post-transplant hypertension and chronic renal allograft failure
    • Paul LC, Benediktsson H. Post-transplant hypertension and chronic renal allograft failure. Kidney Int 1995; 48: S34-S37.
    • (1995) Kidney Int. , vol.48
    • Paul, L.C.1    Benediktsson, H.2
  • 219
    • 0022642747 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in renal allograft recipients may be conveyed by cadaveric kidneys from donors with subarachnoid haemorrhage
    • Strandgaard S, Hansen U. Hypertension in renal allograft recipients may be conveyed by cadaveric kidneys from donors with subarachnoid haemorrhage. BMJ 1986; 292: 1041-1044.
    • (1986) BMJ , vol.292 , pp. 1041-1044
    • Strandgaard, S.1    Hansen, U.2
  • 220
    • 0028991088 scopus 로고
    • Pre-transplant hypertension: A major risk factor for chronic progressive renal allograft dysfunction?
    • Frei U, Schindler R, Wieters D et al. Pre-transplant hypertension: a major risk factor for chronic progressive renal allograft dysfunction? Nephrol Dial Transpl 1995; 10: 1206-1211.
    • (1995) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.10 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Frei, U.1    Schindler, R.2    Wieters, D.3
  • 221
    • 0029081933 scopus 로고
    • Chronic rejection and hypertension: A chicken and egg problem
    • Bock HA. Chronic rejection and hypertension: a chicken and egg problem. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1995; 10: 1126-1128.
    • (1995) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.10 , pp. 1126-1128
    • Bock, H.A.1
  • 222
    • 0028879687 scopus 로고
    • Does antihypertensive therapy modify chronic allograft failure?
    • Raine AEG. Does antihypertensive therapy modify chronic allograft failure? Kidney Int 1995; 48: S107-S111.
    • (1995) Kidney Int. , vol.48
    • Raine, A.E.G.1
  • 223
    • 0031909870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure
    • for the Collaborative Transplant Study
    • Opelz G, Wujciaz T, Ritz E, for the Collaborative Transplant Study. Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure. Kidney Int 1998; 53: 217-222.
    • (1998) Kidney Int. , vol.53 , pp. 217-222
    • Opelz, G.1    Wujciaz, T.2    Ritz, E.3
  • 224
    • 0034671112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management strategies for post transplant hypertension
    • Midtvedt K, Neumayer HH. Management strategies for post transplant hypertension. Transplantation 2000; 70: S64-S69.
    • (2000) Transplantation , vol.70
    • Midtvedt, K.1    Neumayer, H.H.2
  • 225
    • 0032525060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of post transplant hypertension by laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy
    • Fricke L, Doehn C, Steinhoff J et al. Treatment of post transplant hypertension by laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy. Transplantation 1998; 65: 1182-1187.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.65 , pp. 1182-1187
    • Fricke, L.1    Doehn, C.2    Steinhoff, J.3
  • 226
    • 0031932333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post transplant medical complications
    • Rao VK. Post transplant medical complications. Surg Clin North Am 1998; 78: 113-132.
    • (1998) Surg. Clin. North Am. , vol.78 , pp. 113-132
    • Rao, V.K.1
  • 227
    • 0028206578 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension following kidney transplantation
    • Curtis JJ. Hypertension following kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1994; 23: 471-475.
    • (1994) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.23 , pp. 471-475
    • Curtis, J.J.1
  • 228
    • 0033780696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients
    • Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE et al. Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: S1-S86.
    • (2000) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.11
    • Kasiske, B.L.1    Vazquez, M.A.2    Harmon, W.E.3
  • 229
    • 0032439957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional drug therapy of hypertension in transplant recipients
    • Elliott WJ. Traditional drug therapy of hypertension in transplant recipients. J Hum Hypertens 1998; 12: 845-849.
    • (1998) J. Hum. Hypertens. , vol.12 , pp. 845-849
    • Elliott, W.J.1
  • 230
    • 0033044285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of calcium channel blockade on acute glomerular hemodynamic changes induced by cyclosporine
    • Fassi A, Sangalli F, Colombi F et al. Beneficial effects of calcium channel blockade on acute glomerular hemodynamic changes induced by cyclosporine. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33: 267-275.
    • (1999) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.33 , pp. 267-275
    • Fassi, A.1    Sangalli, F.2    Colombi, F.3
  • 231
    • 0027412441 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers protect transplant patients from cyclosporine-induced daily renal hypoperfusion
    • Ruggenenti P, Perico N, Mosconi L et al. Calcium channel blockers protect transplant patients from cyclosporine-induced daily renal hypoperfusion. Kidney Int 1993; 43: 706-711.
    • (1993) Kidney Int. , vol.43 , pp. 706-711
    • Ruggenenti, P.1    Perico, N.2    Mosconi, L.3
  • 232
    • 0033598563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nitrendipine on renal function in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin: A randomised trial
    • Rahn KH, Barenbrock M, Fritschka E et al. Effect of nitrendipine on renal function in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 1415-1420.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1415-1420
    • Rahn, K.H.1    Barenbrock, M.2    Fritschka, E.3
  • 233
    • 0027971008 scopus 로고
    • Long-term protective effect of a calcium antagonist on renal function in hypertensive renal transplant patients on cyclosporine therapy: A 5 year prospective randomized study
    • Morales JM, Rodriguez-Paternina E, Araque A et al. Long-term protective effect of a calcium antagonist on renal function in hypertensive renal transplant patients on cyclosporine therapy: a 5 year prospective randomized study. Transpl Proc 1994; 26: 2598-2599.
    • (1994) Transpl. Proc. , vol.26 , pp. 2598-2599
    • Morales, J.M.1    Rodriguez-Paternina, E.2    Araque, A.3
  • 234
    • 0031908026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose nifedipine on urinary protein excretion rate in patients with renal disease
    • Kloke HJ, Wetzels JFM, Koene RAP, Huysmans FTM. Effects of low-dose nifedipine on urinary protein excretion rate in patients with renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1998; 13: 646-650.
    • (1998) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.13 , pp. 646-650
    • Kloke, H.J.1    Wetzels, J.F.M.2    Koene, R.A.P.3    Huysmans, F.T.M.4
  • 235
    • 0034732256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Gress TW, Nieto FJ, Shahar E et al. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 905-912.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 905-912
    • Gress, T.W.1    Nieto, F.J.2    Shahar, E.3
  • 236
    • 0029161079 scopus 로고
    • The risk of myocardial infarction associated with anti-hypertensive drug therapies
    • Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with anti-hypertensive drug therapies. JAMA 1995; 274: 620-625.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 620-625
    • Psaty, B.M.1    Heckbert, S.R.2    Koepsell, T.D.3
  • 237
    • 0033393848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to the managernent of hypertension in renal transplant recipients
    • Olyaei AJ, de Mattos AM, Bennett WM. A practical guide to the managernent of hypertension in renal transplant recipients. Drugs 1999; 58: 1011-1027.
    • (1999) Drugs , vol.58 , pp. 1011-1027
    • Olyaei, A.J.1    de Mattos, A.M.2    Bennett, W.M.3
  • 239
    • 0035893048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained improvement of renal graft function for two years in hypertensive renal transplant recipients treated with nifedipine as compared with lisinopril
    • Midtvedt K, Hartmann A, Foss A et al. Sustained improvement of renal graft function for two years in hypertensive renal transplant recipients treated with nifedipine as compared with lisinopril. Transplantation 2001; 15: 1787-1792.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.15 , pp. 1787-1792
    • Midtvedt, K.1    Hartmann, A.2    Foss, A.3
  • 240
    • 0029962323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized double-blind studies
    • Schmieder RE, Martus P, Klingbeil A. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind studies. JAMA 1996; 275: 1507-1513.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1507-1513
    • Schmieder, R.E.1    Martus, P.2    Klingbeil, A.3
  • 241
    • 0036140943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine renin-angiotensin system blockade in renal transplantation?
    • Remuzzi G, Perico N. Routine renin-angiotensin system blockade in renal transplantation? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2002; 11: 1-10.
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. , vol.11 , pp. 1-10
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Perico, N.2
  • 242
    • 0031741629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of losartan in the treatment of hypertension in renal transplant recipients
    • Del Castillo D, Campistol JM, Guirado L et al. Efficacy and safety of losartan in the treatment of hypertension in renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 1998; 54(suppl 68): S135-S139.
    • (1998) Kidney Int. , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 68
    • Del Castillo, D.1    Campistol, J.M.2    Guirado, L.3
  • 243
    • 0033670171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by AT1 receptor blockade in renal transplant recipients
    • Klingbeil AU, Muller HJ, Delles C et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by AT1 receptor blockade in renal transplant recipients. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13: 295-300.
    • (2000) Am. J. Hypertens. , vol.13 , pp. 295-300
    • Klingbeil, A.U.1    Muller, H.J.2    Delles, C.3
  • 244
    • 0032998594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE inhibitors versus beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension in renal allograft recipients
    • Hausberg M, Barenbrock M, Hohage H et al. ACE inhibitors versus beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension in renal allograft recipients. Hypertension 1999; 33: 862-868.
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.33 , pp. 862-868
    • Hausberg, M.1    Barenbrock, M.2    Hohage, H.3
  • 245
    • 0021684472 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of proteinuria: The Framingham study
    • Kannel WB, Stampfer MJ, Castelli WP, Vetter J. The prognostic significance of proteinuria: the Framingham study. Am Heart J 1984; 108: 1347-1352.
    • (1984) Am. Heart J. , vol.108 , pp. 1347-1352
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Castelli, W.P.3    Vetter, J.4
  • 246
    • 0034005754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival in renal transplant recipients with graft function
    • Ojo AO, Hanson JA, Wolfe RA et al. Long-term survival in renal transplant recipients with graft function. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 307-313.
    • (2000) Kidney Int. , vol.57 , pp. 307-313
    • Ojo, A.O.1    Hanson, J.A.2    Wolfe, R.A.3
  • 247
    • 0030065639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic renal allograft rejection: Immunologic and nonimmunologic risk factors
    • Massy ZA, Guijarro C, Wiederkehr MR et al. Chronic renal allograft rejection: immunologic and nonimmunologic risk factors. Kidney Int 1996; 49: 518.
    • (1996) Kidney Int. , vol.49 , pp. 518
    • Massy, Z.A.1    Guijarro, C.2    Wiederkehr, M.R.3
  • 248
    • 7344227882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiproteinuric efficacy of fosinopril after renal transplantation is determined by the extent of vascular and tubulointerstitial damage
    • Lufft V, Kliem V, Hamkens A et al. Antiproteinuric efficacy of fosinopril after renal transplantation is determined by the extent of vascular and tubulointerstitial damage. Clin Transpl 1998; 12: 409.
    • (1998) Clin. Transpl. , vol.12 , pp. 409
    • Lufft, V.1    Kliem, V.2    Hamkens, A.3
  • 249
    • 0029799916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of prolonged angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on excretory kidney function and proteinuria in renal allograft recipients with chronic progressive transplant failure
    • Barnas U, Schmidt A, Haas M et al. The effects of prolonged angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on excretory kidney function and proteinuria in renal allograft recipients with chronic progressive transplant failure. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1996; 11: 1822-1824.
    • (1996) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.11 , pp. 1822-1824
    • Barnas, U.1    Schmidt, A.2    Haas, M.3
  • 250
    • 0027293656 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on proteinuria after kidney transplantation
    • Rell K, Linde J, Morzycka-Michalik M et al. Effect of enalapril on proteinuria after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 1993; 6: 213-217.
    • (1993) Transpl. Int. , vol.6 , pp. 213-217
    • Rell, K.1    Linde, J.2    Morzycka-Michalik, M.3
  • 251
    • 0029050301 scopus 로고
    • Association of post-renal transplant erythrocytosis and microalbuminuria: Response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition
    • Mulhern J, Lipkowitz GS, Braden GL et al. Association of post-renal transplant erythrocytosis and microalbuminuria: response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Am J Nephrol 1995; 15: 318-322.
    • (1995) Am. J. Nephrol. , vol.15 , pp. 318-322
    • Mulhern, J.1    Lipkowitz, G.S.2    Braden, G.L.3
  • 252
    • 0029131317 scopus 로고
    • Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in renal transplantation with proteinuria
    • Oppenheimer F, Flores R, Cofan F et al. Treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in renal transplantation with proteinuria Transpl Proc 1995; 27: 2235-2236.
    • (1995) Transpl. Proc. , vol.27 , pp. 2235-2236
    • Oppenheimer, F.1    Flores, R.2    Cofan, F.3
  • 253
    • 0034012602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinicopathological study of IgA nephropathy in renal transplant recipients: Beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
    • Oka K, Imai E, Moriyama T et al. A clinicopathological study of IgA nephropathy in renal transplant recipients: beneficial effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2000; 15: 689-695.
    • (2000) Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. , vol.15 , pp. 689-695
    • Oka, K.1    Imai, E.2    Moriyama, T.3
  • 254
    • 0030163140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal hemodynamics in hypertensive renal allograft recipients: Effects of calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors
    • Grekas D, Dioudis C, Kalevrosoglou I et al. Renal hemodynamics in hypertensive renal allograft recipients: effects of calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors. Kidney Int 1996; 49(suppl 55): S97-S100.
    • (1996) Kidney Int. , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 55
    • Grekas, D.1    Dioudis, C.2    Kalevrosoglou, I.3
  • 255
    • 0025084688 scopus 로고
    • Fosinopril prevents hyperfiltration and decreases proteinuria in post-transplant hypertensives
    • Bochicchio T, Sandoval G, Ron O et al. Fosinopril prevents hyperfiltration and decreases proteinuria in post-transplant hypertensives. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 873-879.
    • (1990) Kidney Int. , vol.38 , pp. 873-879
    • Bochicchio, T.1    Sandoval, G.2    Ron, O.3
  • 256
    • 0027312476 scopus 로고
    • Converting-enzyme inhibitor versus calcium antagonist in cyclosporin-treated renal transplants
    • Mourad G, Ribstein J, Mimran A. Converting-enzyme inhibitor versus calcium antagonist in cyclosporin-treated renal transplants. Kidney Int 1993; 43: 419-425.
    • (1993) Kidney Int. , vol.43 , pp. 419-425
    • Mourad, G.1    Ribstein, J.2    Mimran, A.3
  • 257
    • 0028936410 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension after renal transplantation: Calcium channel or converting enzyme blockade?
    • Van der Schaaf MR, Hene RJ, Floor M et al. Hypertension after renal transplantation: calcium channel or converting enzyme blockade? Hypertension 1995; 25: 77-81.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 77-81
    • Van der Schaaf, M.R.1    Hene, R.J.2    Floor, M.3
  • 258
    • 0036189341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of losartan or enalapril on hemoglobin, circulating erythropoietin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with and without post transplant erythrocytosis
    • Wang AY, Yu AW, Lam CW et al. Effect of losartan or enalapril on hemoglobin, circulating erythropoietin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with and without post transplant erythrocytosis. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 39: 600-608.
    • (2000) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.39 , pp. 600-608
    • Wang, A.Y.1    Yu, A.W.2    Lam, C.W.3
  • 259
    • 0030027331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator nacetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline
    • Azizi M, Rousseau A, Ezan E et al. Acute angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increases the plasma level of the natural stem cell regulator nacetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 839-844.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.97 , pp. 839-844
    • Azizi, M.1    Rousseau, A.2    Ezan, E.3
  • 260
    • 0033659774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of angiotensin II-facilitated erythropoiesis causes anemia in angiotensin-converting enzyme-deficient mice
    • Cole J, Ertoy D, Lin H et al. Lack of angiotensin II-facilitated erythropoiesis causes anemia in angiotensin-converting enzyme-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 1391-1398.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , pp. 1391-1398
    • Cole, J.1    Ertoy, D.2    Lin, H.3
  • 262
    • 0025000033 scopus 로고
    • Multiple site estimates of erythropoietin and renin in polycythemic kidney transplant patients
    • Aeberhard J-M, Schneider P-A, Vallotton MB et al. Multiple site estimates of erythropoietin and renin in polycythemic kidney transplant patients. Transplantation 1990; 50: 613-616.
    • (1990) Transplantation , vol.50 , pp. 613-616
    • Aeberhard, J.-M.1    Schneider, P.-A.2    Vallotton, M.B.3
  • 263
    • 0029764132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-related anemia in renal transplant recipients
    • Gossmann J, Thurmann P, Bachmann T et al. Mechanism of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-related anemia in renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 1996; 50: 973-978.
    • (1996) Kidney Int. , vol.50 , pp. 973-978
    • Gossmann, J.1    Thurmann, P.2    Bachmann, T.3
  • 264
    • 0031778819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, lowers hematocrit in posttransplant erythrocytosis
    • Julian BA, Brantley RR Jr, Barker CV et al. Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, lowers hematocrit in posttransplant erythrocytosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9: 1104-1108.
    • (1998) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.9 , pp. 1104-1108
    • Julian, B.A.1    Brantley Jr., R.R.2    Barker, C.V.3
  • 265
    • 0029019246 scopus 로고
    • Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor
    • Marrero M, Schleffer B, Paxton WG et al. Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Nature 1995; 375: 247-250.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 247-250
    • Marrero, M.1    Schleffer, B.2    Paxton, W.G.3
  • 266
    • 0034867323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induces apoptosis in erythtoid precursos and affects insulin-like growt factor 1 in post transplantation erythrocytosis
    • Glicklich D, Burris L, Urban A et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induces apoptosis in erythtoid precursos and affects insulin-like growt factor 1 in post transplantation erythrocytosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 1958-1964.
    • (2001) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.12 , pp. 1958-1964
    • Glicklich, D.1    Burris, L.2    Urban, A.3
  • 267
    • 0035881932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of enalapril and losartan on post transplantation erythrocytosis in renal transplant patients: Prospective randomized study
    • Yildiz A, Cine N, Akkaya V et al. Comparison of the effect of enalapril and losartan on post transplantation erythrocytosis in renal transplant patients: prospective randomized study. Transplantation 200 1; 72: 542-544.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.72 , pp. 542-544
    • Yildiz, A.1    Cine, N.2    Akkaya, V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.