메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 88-93

Challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in the critical care environment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CATECHOLAMINE; DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYME; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT; PROCAINAMIDE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; SUXAMETHONIUM; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR; WARFARIN;

EID: 0347135822     PISSN: 14741776     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrd1285     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0037303427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of economics on changing medical technology with reference to critical care medicine in the United States
    • Bloomfield, E. L. The impact of economics on changing medical technology with reference to critical care medicine in the United States. Anesth. Analg. 96, 418-425 (2003).
    • (2003) Anesth. Analg. , vol.96 , pp. 418-425
    • Bloomfield, E.L.1
  • 2
    • 0031255198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism
    • Ball, S. & Borman, N. Pharmacogenetics and drug metabolism. Nature Biotechnol. 15, 925-927 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature Biotechnol. , vol.15 , pp. 925-927
    • Ball, S.1    Borman, N.2
  • 3
    • 0031023815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics: A laboratory tool for optimizing therapeutic efficiency
    • Linder, M. W., Prough, R. A. & Valdes, R. Pharmacogenetics: a laboratory tool for optimizing therapeutic efficiency. Clin. Chem. 43, 254-266 (1997).
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 254-266
    • Linder, M.W.1    Prough, R.A.2    Valdes, R.3
  • 4
    • 0031035007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes: What is their relevance and why do they exist?
    • Nebert, D. W. Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes: what is their relevance and why do they exist? Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60, 265-271 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.60 , pp. 265-271
    • Nebert, D.W.1
  • 5
    • 0033569516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics: Translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics
    • Evans, W. E. & Reilling, M. V. Pharmacogenomics: translating functional genomics into rational therapeutics. Science 286, 487-491 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 487-491
    • Evans, W.E.1    Reilling, M.V.2
  • 6
    • 0037421584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritance and drug response
    • Weinshillboum, R. Inheritance and drug response. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 529-537 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 529-537
    • Weinshillboum, R.1
  • 7
    • 0035094764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation is the spice of life
    • Kruglyak, L. & Nickerson, D. A. Variation is the spice of life. Nature Genet. 27, 234-236 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.27 , pp. 234-236
    • Kruglyak, L.1    Nickerson, D.A.2
  • 8
    • 0037421590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics - Drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects
    • Evans, W. E. & McLead, H. L. Pharmacogenomics - drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 538-549 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 538-549
    • Evans, W.E.1    McLead, H.L.2
  • 9
    • 0034655976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and future drug development and delivery
    • Roses, A. D. Pharmacogenetics and future drug development and delivery. Lancet 355, 1358-1361 (2000).
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1358-1361
    • Roses, A.D.1
  • 10
    • 0034660560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine
    • Roses, A. D. Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine. Nature 405, 857-865 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 857-865
    • Roses, A.D.1
  • 11
    • 0037785185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease
    • Nabel, E. G. Cardiovascular disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 60-72 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , pp. 60-72
    • Nabel, E.G.1
  • 12
    • 0031461131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics in biological perspective
    • Kalow, W. Pharmacogenetics in biological perspective. Pharmacol. Rev. 49, 369-379 (1997).
    • (1997) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.49 , pp. 369-379
    • Kalow, W.1
  • 13
    • 0025331198 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in response to O-mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Lennard, L., Lilleyman, J. S., Van Loon, J. & Weinshillboum, R. M. Genetic variation in response to O-mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lancet 336, 225-299 (1990).
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 225-299
    • Lennard, L.1    Lilleyman, J.S.2    Van Loon, J.3    Weinshillboum, R.M.4
  • 14
    • 0032212759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype predicts therapy-limiting severe toxicity from azathioprine
    • Black, A. J. et al. Thiopurine methyltransferase genotype predicts therapy-limiting severe toxicity from azathioprine. Ann. Intern. Med. 129, 716-718 (1998).
    • (1998) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.129 , pp. 716-718
    • Black, A.J.1
  • 15
    • 0033608466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding
    • Aithal, G. P., Day, C. P., Kesteven, P. J. L. & Daly, A. K. Association of polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 with warfarin dose requirement and risk of bleeding. Lancet 353, 717-719 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 717-719
    • Aithal, G.P.1    Day, C.P.2    Kesteven, P.J.L.3    Daly, A.K.4
  • 16
    • 0037012465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy
    • Higashi, M. K. et al. Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy. JAMA 287, 1690-1698 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1690-1698
    • Higashi, M.K.1
  • 17
    • 84965047512 scopus 로고
    • The ralation between dose of succinyl choline and duration of apnea in man
    • Kalow, W. The ralation between dose of succinyl choline and duration of apnea in man. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 120, 203-214 (1957).
    • (1957) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.120 , pp. 203-214
    • Kalow, W.1
  • 18
    • 0006390275 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the structural mutation responsible for the dibucaine-resistant (atypical) variant form of human serum cholinesterase
    • McGuire, M. C. et al. Identification of the structural mutation responsible for the dibucaine-resistant (atypical) variant form of human serum cholinesterase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 953-957 (1989).
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 953-957
    • McGuire, M.C.1
  • 19
    • 0003680152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Hardman, J. G. & Limbird, L. L.) (McGraw-Hill, New York)
    • Roden, D. M. in The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (eds Hardman, J. G. & Limbird, L. L.) 933-970 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001).
    • (2001) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 933-970
    • Roden, D.M.1
  • 20
    • 0038127232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype and allele frequencies of TPMT, NAT2, GST, SULTIA1, and MDR-1 in the Egyptian population
    • Hamdy, S. I. et al. Genotype and allele frequencies of TPMT, NAT2, GST, SULTIA1, and MDR-1 in the Egyptian population. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55, 560-569 (2003).
    • (2003) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.55 , pp. 560-569
    • Hamdy, S.I.1
  • 21
    • 0035187444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation
    • & National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee
    • Wang, H. E., O'Conner, R. E., Domeier, R. M. & National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee. Pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation. Prehosp. Emerg. Care 5, 40-48 (2001).
    • (2001) Prehosp. Emerg. Care , vol.5 , pp. 40-48
    • Wang, H.E.1    O'Conner, R.E.2    Domeier, R.M.3
  • 22
    • 0003680152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Hardman, J. G. & Limbird, L. L.) (McGraw-Hill, New York)
    • Taylor, P. in The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (eds Hardman, J. G. & Limbird, L. L.) 192-214 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001).
    • (2001) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 192-214
    • Taylor, P.1
  • 23
    • 0002187109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top 200 drugs
    • Zoeller, J. Top 200 drugs. Am. Druggist 46-50 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. Druggist , pp. 46-50
    • Zoeller, J.1
  • 24
    • 0029658591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of CYP2C9-Leu359 allelic variant in the tolbutamide polymorphism
    • Sullivan-Klose, T. H. et al. The role of CYP2C9-Leu359 allelic variant in the tolbutamide polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics 6, 341-349 (1996).
    • (1996) Pharmacogenetics , vol.6 , pp. 341-349
    • Sullivan-Klose, T.H.1
  • 25
    • 0031807762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of warfarin enantiomers in Japanese patients with heart disease having different CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes
    • Takahashi, H. et al. Metabolism of warfarin enantiomers in Japanese patients with heart disease having different CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 63, 519-528 (1998).
    • (1998) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.63 , pp. 519-528
    • Takahashi, H.1
  • 27
    • 0029564238 scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C29 and its effect on warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy
    • Furuya, H. et al. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C29 and its effect on warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. Pharmacogenetics 5, 389-392 (1995).
    • (1995) Pharmacogenetics , vol.5 , pp. 389-392
    • Furuya, H.1
  • 28
    • 0030868485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association between sensitivity to warfarin and expression of CYP2C9*3
    • Steward, D. J. et al. Genetic association between sensitivity to warfarin and expression of CYP2C9*3. Pharmacogentics 7, 361-367 (1997).
    • (1997) Pharmacogentics , vol.7 , pp. 361-367
    • Steward, D.J.1
  • 29
    • 0036194038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency and effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 polymorphisms in patients receivings warfarin
    • Tabrizi, A. R. et al. The frequency and effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 polymorphisms in patients receivings warfarin. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 194, 267-273 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Am. Coll. Surg. , vol.194 , pp. 267-273
    • Tabrizi, A.R.1
  • 30
    • 0027517894 scopus 로고
    • The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a standard care nomogram
    • Raschke, R. A., Reilly, B. M., Guidry, J. R. Fontana, J. R. & Srinivas, S. The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a standard care nomogram. Ann. Intern. Med. 119, 874-881 (1993).
    • (1993) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.119 , pp. 874-881
    • Raschke, R.A.1    Reilly, B.M.2    Guidry, J.R.3    Fontana, J.R.4    Srinivas, S.5
  • 31
    • 0345931498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Sabiston, D. C. & Lyerly, H. K.) (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia)
    • Myers, W. C. & Chari, R. S. in Textbook of Surgery (eds Sabiston, D. C. & Lyerly, H. K.) 1046-1061 (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1997).
    • (1997) Textbook of Surgery , pp. 1046-1061
    • Myers, W.C.1    Chari, R.S.2
  • 32
    • 0142073817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms confer differential function and predisposition to heart failure
    • Perez, J. M. et al. β1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms confer differential function and predisposition to heart failure. Nature Med. 9, 1300-1305 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Med. , vol.9 , pp. 1300-1305
    • Perez, J.M.1
  • 34
    • 0022460859 scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative bacteremia produces both severe systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in a canine model that simulates human septic shock
    • Natanson, c. et al. Gram-negative bacteremia produces both severe systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in a canine model that simulates human septic shock. J. Clin. Invest. 78, 259-270 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.78 , pp. 259-270
    • Natanson, C.1
  • 35
    • 0023607880 scopus 로고
    • Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and non-survivors of human septic shock: Heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis
    • Parker, M. M., Shelhammer, J. H., Natanson, C., Alling, D. W. & Parrillo, J. E. Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and non-survivors of human septic shock: heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis. Crit. Care Med. 15, 923-929 (1987).
    • (1987) Crit. Care Med. , vol.15 , pp. 923-929
    • Parker, M.M.1    Shelhammer, J.H.2    Natanson, C.3    Alling, D.W.4    Parrillo, J.E.5
  • 36
    • 0035807591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor on agonist-mediated vascular desensitization
    • 2-adrenergic receptor on agonist-mediated vascular desensitization. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1030-1035 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1030-1035
    • Dishy, V.1
  • 38
    • 0037431040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of multidrug resistance in epilepsy with a polymorphism in the drug-transporter gene ABCB1
    • Siddiqui, A. et al. Association of multidrug resistance in epilepsy with a polymorphism in the drug-transporter gene ABCB1. N Engl J Med 348, 1442-1448 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 1442-1448
    • Siddiqui, A.1
  • 39
    • 0000140377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of genetic differences in omeprazole metabolism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease
    • Furuta, T. et al. Effect of genetic differences in omeprazole metabolism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease. Ann. Inter. Med. 129, 1027-1039 (1998).
    • (1998) Ann. Inter. Med. , vol.129 , pp. 1027-1039
    • Furuta, T.1
  • 40
    • 0034958947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care
    • Angus, D. C. et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit. Care Med. 29, 1303-1310 (2001).
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Angus, D.C.1
  • 41
    • 0037426726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis
    • Hotchkiss, R. S. & Karl, I. E. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 138-150 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 138-150
    • Hotchkiss, R.S.1    Karl, I.E.2
  • 42
    • 0038482456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Such stuff as dreams are made on: Mediator-directed therapy in sepsis
    • Marshall, J. C. Such stuff as dreams are made on: mediator-directed therapy in sepsis. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 2, 391-405 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.2 , pp. 391-405
    • Marshall, J.C.1
  • 43
    • 23444446083 scopus 로고
    • Selected treatment strategies for septic shock based on proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis
    • Natanson, C., Hoffman, W. D., Suffredini, A. F., Eichacker, P. Q. & Danner, R. L. Selected treatment strategies for septic shock based on proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Ann. Intern. Med. 120, 771-783 (1994).
    • (1994) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 771-783
    • Natanson, C.1    Hoffman, W.D.2    Suffredini, A.F.3    Eichacker, P.Q.4    Danner, R.L.5
  • 44
    • 0030746482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: A reassessment
    • Zeni, F., Freeman, B. D. & Natanson, C. Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock: a reassessment. Crit. Care Med. 25, 1095-1100 (1997).
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Zeni, F.1    Freeman, B.D.2    Natanson, C.3
  • 45
    • 0033919034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory therapies in sepsis and septic shock
    • Freeman, B. D. & Natanson, C. Anti-inflammatory therapies in sepsis and septic shock. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 9, 1651-1663 (2000).
    • (2000) Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 1651-1663
    • Freeman, B.D.1    Natanson, C.2
  • 47
    • 0030954180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor-α promoter on transcriptional activity
    • Wilson, A. G., Symons, J. A., McDowell, T. L., McDevitt, H. O. & Duff, G. O. Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor-α promoter on transcriptional activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3195-3199 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 3195-3199
    • Wilson, A.G.1    Symons, J.A.2    McDowell, T.L.3    McDevitt, H.O.4    Duff, G.O.5
  • 48
    • 0028169333 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the TNF promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria
    • McGuire, W., Hill, A. V. S., Allsopp, C. E. M., Greenwood, B. M. & Kwiatkowski, D. Variation in the TNF promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. Nature 371, 508-511 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 508-511
    • McGuire, W.1    Hill, A.V.S.2    Allsopp, C.E.M.3    Greenwood, B.M.4    Kwiatkowski, D.5
  • 49
    • 0029815192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the tumor necrosis factor gene promoter region may be associated with death from meningococcal disease
    • Nadel, S., Newport, M. J., Booy, R. & Levin, M. Variation in the tumor necrosis factor gene promoter region may be associated with death from meningococcal disease. J. Infect. Dis. 174, 878-880 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 878-880
    • Nadel, S.1    Newport, M.J.2    Booy, R.3    Levin, M.4
  • 50
    • 0029880580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -308 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphism is not associated with survival in severe sepsis and is unrelated to lipopolysaccharide inducibility of the human TNF promoter
    • Stuber, F. et al. -308 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) polymorphism is not associated with survival in severe sepsis and is unrelated to lipopolysaccharide inducibility of the human TNF promoter. J. Inflamm, 46, 50 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Inflamm. , vol.46 , pp. 50
    • Stuber, F.1
  • 51
    • 0033546610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of TNF2, a TNF promoter polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality - A multicenter study
    • Mira, J. P. et al. Association of TNF2, a TNF promoter polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality - a multicenter study. JAMA 282, 561-568 (1999).
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 561-568
    • Mira, J.P.1
  • 52
    • 0033849526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism and septic shock in surgical infection
    • Tang, G. et al. Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism and septic shock in surgical infection. Crit. Care Med. 28, 2733-2736 (2000).
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , pp. 2733-2736
    • Tang, G.1
  • 53
    • 0036097720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The G→A single nucleotide polymorphism at the -308 position in the tumor necrosis factor-α promoter increases the risk for severe sepsis after trauma
    • O'Keefe, G. E., Hybki, D. L. & Munford, R. S. The G→A single nucleotide polymorphism at the -308 position in the tumor necrosis factor-α promoter increases the risk for severe sepsis after trauma. J. Trauma 52, 817-826 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Trauma , vol.52 , pp. 817-826
    • O'Keefe, G.E.1    Hybki, D.L.2    Munford, R.S.3
  • 54
    • 0036843337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms, leukocyte function, and sepsis susceptibility in blunt trauma
    • Majetschak, M. et al. Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms, leukocyte function, and sepsis susceptibility in blunt trauma. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9, 1205-1211 (2002).
    • (2002) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 1205-1211
    • Majetschak, M.1
  • 55
    • 25544470820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between the -308 TNF promoter polymorphism and outcome from sepsis and septic shock
    • Gordon, A. C. et al. Lack of association between the -308 TNF promoter polymorphism and outcome from sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 28 (Suppl. 1). S99 (2002).
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Gordon, A.C.1
  • 56
    • 0035185279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The replication requirement
    • Vieland, V. J. The replication requirement. Nature Genet. 29, 245 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 245
    • Vieland, V.J.1
  • 60
    • 0032403973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium mapping of complex disease: Fantasy or reality?
    • Terwillinger, J. D. Weiss K. M. Linkage disequilibrium mapping of complex disease: fantasy or reality? Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 9, 578-594 (1998).
    • (1998) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. , vol.9 , pp. 578-594
    • Terwillinger, J.D.1    Weiss, K.M.2
  • 61
    • 0037426052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes
    • Calhoun, H. M., McKeigue, P. M. & Smith, G.D. Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 361, 865-872 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 865-872
    • Calhoun, H.M.1    McKeigue, P.M.2    Smith, G.D.3
  • 62
    • 0038290163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of molecular association studies: Methodologic lessons for genetic epidemiology
    • Attia, J., Thakkinstian, A. & D'Este, C. Meta-analysis of molecular association studies: methodologic lessons for genetic epidemiology. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 56, 297-303 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.56 , pp. 297-303
    • Attia, J.1    Thakkinstian, A.2    D'Este, C.3
  • 63
    • 0034644254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will genetics revolutionize medice?
    • Holtzman, N. A. & Marteau, T. M. Will genetics revolutionize medice? N. Engl. J. Med. 343,141-144 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , pp. 141-144
    • Holtzman, N.A.1    Marteau, T.M.2
  • 64
    • 0035829842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock
    • Rivers, E. et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1368-1377 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1368-1377
    • Rivers, E.1
  • 65
    • 0343893748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network
    • The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1301-1308 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 1301-1308
  • 66
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients
    • Van den Berghe, G. et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1359-1367 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van den Berghe, G.1
  • 67
    • 0344327133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical epidemiological quality in molecular genetic research - The need for methodological standards
    • Bogardus, S. T., Concata, J. & Feinstein, A. R. Clinical epidemiological quality in molecular genetic research - the need for methodological standards. JAMA 281, 1919-1926 (2003).
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1919-1926
    • Bogardus, S.T.1    Concata, J.2    Feinstein, A.R.3
  • 68
    • 0038047591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological quality and genotyping reproducibility in studies of tumor necrosis factor -308 G→A single nucleotide polymorphism and bacterial sepsis: Implications for studies of complex traits
    • Peters, D. L., Barber, R. C., Flood, E. M., Garner, H. R. & O'Keefe, G. E. Methodological quality and genotyping reproducibility in studies of tumor necrosis factor -308 G→A single nucleotide polymorphism and bacterial sepsis: implications for studies of complex traits. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1691-1696 (2003).
    • (2003) Crit. Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 1691-1696
    • Peters, D.L.1    Barber, R.C.2    Flood, E.M.3    Garner, H.R.4    O'Keefe, G.E.5
  • 69
    • 0007932349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of results from genetic studies of multifactorial diseases
    • Todd, J. A. Interpretation of results from genetic studies of multifactorial diseases. Lancet 354 (Suppl. 1), 15-16 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 15-16
    • Todd, J.A.1
  • 70
    • 0037370629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using haplotype blocks to map human complex trait loci
    • Cardon, L. R. & Abecasis, G. R. Using haplotype blocks to map human complex trait loci. Trends Genet. 19, 135-140 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 135-140
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Abecasis, G.R.2
  • 71
    • 0035799777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in blacks as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction
    • Exner, D. V., Dries, D. L., Domanski, M. J. & Cohn, J. N. Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in blacks as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1351-1357 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 1351-1357
    • Exner, D.V.1    Dries, D.L.2    Domanski, M.J.3    Cohn, J.N.4
  • 72
    • 0035799809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in response to drugs - Pointers to genetic differences
    • Wood. A. J. J. Racial differences in response to drugs - pointers to genetic differences. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1393-1396 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 1393-1396
    • Wood, A.J.J.1
  • 73
    • 0035188058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure of variable drug response
    • Wilson, J. F. et al. Population genetic structure of variable drug response. Nature Genet 29, 265-269 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 265-269
    • Wilson, J.F.1
  • 74
    • 17944380262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coming pharmacogenomics revolution: Tailoring drugs to fit patients' genetics profiles
    • Noah, L. The coming pharmacogenomics revolution: Tailoring drugs to fit patients' genetics profiles. Jurimetrics 43, 1-28 (2002).
    • (2002) Jurimetrics , vol.43 , pp. 1-28
    • Noah, L.1
  • 75
    • 0035286694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical and legal implications of pharmacogenetics
    • Rothstein, M. A. & Epps, P. G. Ethical and legal implications of pharmacogenetics. Nature Rev. Genet. 2, 228-231 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Rev. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 228-231
    • Rothstein, M.A.1    Epps, P.G.2
  • 76
    • 0037417244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research involving cognitively impaired adults
    • Karlawish, J. H. T. Research involving cognitively impaired adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1389-1392 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.348 , pp. 1389-1392
    • Karlawish, J.H.T.1
  • 77
    • 0036250191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from everyday lives: A moral justification for acute care research
    • McRae, A. D. & Weijer, C. Lessons from everyday lives: a moral justification for acute care research. Crit. Care Med. 30, 1146-1151 (2002).
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1146-1151
    • McRae, A.D.1    Weijer, C.2
  • 79
    • 0034139860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput genotyping assay approaches
    • Kwok, P.-Y. High-throughput genotyping assay approaches. Pharmacogenomics 1, 95-100 (2000).
    • (2000) Pharmacogenomics , vol.1 , pp. 95-100
    • Kwok, P.-Y.1
  • 80
    • 0036862118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Template-directed dye terminator incorporation with fluorescence polarization detection for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sepsis
    • Freeman, B. D., Buchman, T. B., McGrath, S., Tabrizi, A. R. & Zehnbauer, B. Template-directed dye terminator incorporation with fluorescence polarization detection for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sepsis. J. Mol. Diagn. 4, 209-215 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Mol. Diagn. , vol.4 , pp. 209-215
    • Freeman, B.D.1    Buchman, T.B.2    McGrath, S.3    Tabrizi, A.R.4    Zehnbauer, B.5
  • 81
    • 0347418176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Template-directed dye-terminator incorporation with fluorescence polarization detection (TDI-FP) for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease
    • (in the press)
    • Freeman, B. D., Buchman, T. G. & Zehnbauer, B. A. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporation with fluorescence polarization detection (TDI-FP) for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease. Thromb. Res. (in the press).
    • Thromb. Res.
    • Freeman, B.D.1    Buchman, T.G.2    Zehnbauer, B.A.3
  • 83
    • 0034695268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techview: Molecular biology. Bead-based fiber-optic arrays
    • Walt, D. R. Techview: molecular biology. Bead-based fiber-optic arrays. Science 287, 451-452 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 451-452
    • Walt, D.R.1
  • 84
    • 0033531088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American health care system-expenditures
    • Iglehart, J. K. The American health care system-expenditures. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 70-76 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 70-76
    • Iglehart, J.K.1
  • 85
    • 0036840629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and the efficacy of antiinflammatory agents: Retrospective and confirmatory studies
    • Eichacker, P. Q. et al. Risk and the efficacy of antiinflammatory agents: retrospective and confirmatory studies. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 1197-1205 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Eichacker, P.Q.1
  • 87
    • 0035826096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis
    • Bernard, G. R. et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 699-709 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 699-709
    • Bernard, G.R.1
  • 88
    • 0037179685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and benefits of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis
    • Warren, H. S., Suffredini, A. F., Eichacker, P. Q. & Munford, R. S. Risk and benefits of activated protein C treatment for severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1027-1030 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 1027-1030
    • Warren, H.S.1    Suffredini, A.F.2    Eichacker, P.Q.3    Munford, R.S.4
  • 89
    • 0037179705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the use of activated protein C in the treatment of severe sepsis
    • Siegel, J. P. Assessing the use of activated protein C in the treatment of severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1030-1034 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 1030-1034
    • Siegel, J.P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.