-
1
-
-
0019092093
-
The origin of African wave disturbances during phase III of GATE
-
Albignat, J. P., and R. J. Reed, 1980: The origin of African wave disturbances during phase III of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1827-1839.
-
(1980)
Mon. Wea. Rev.
, vol.108
, pp. 1827-1839
-
-
Albignat, J.P.1
Reed, R.J.2
-
2
-
-
0032052440
-
FIFE surface climate and site-average dataset 1987-89
-
Betts, A. K., and J. H. Ball, 1998: FIFE surface climate and site-average dataset 1987-89. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1091-1108.
-
(1998)
J. Atmos. Sci.
, vol.55
, pp. 1091-1108
-
-
Betts, A.K.1
Ball, J.H.2
-
3
-
-
0003553442
-
-
United Kingdom Meteorological Office/M.I.T., 20 pp
-
Bottomley, M., C. K. Folland, J. Hsiung, R. E. Newell, and D. E. Parker, 1990: Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas "GOSTA." United Kingdom Meteorological Office/M.I.T., 20 pp.
-
(1990)
Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas "GOSTA."
-
-
Bottomley, M.1
Folland, C.K.2
Hsiung, J.3
Newell, R.E.4
Parker, D.E.5
-
5
-
-
0013130180
-
-
World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
-
Brunner, J., N. Henninger, U. Deichmann, and B. Ninnin, 1995: West Africa Long Term Perspective Study (WALTPS)-database and user's guide. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
-
(1995)
West Africa Long Term Perspective Study (WALTPS) - Database and User's Guide
-
-
Brunner, J.1
Henninger, N.2
Deichmann, U.3
Ninnin, B.4
-
6
-
-
84981566015
-
Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel
-
Charney, J. G., 1975: Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 193-202.
-
(1975)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.101
, pp. 193-202
-
-
Charney, J.G.1
-
7
-
-
0017538212
-
A comparative study of the effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions
-
Charney, J. G., W. J. Quirk, S. H. Chow, and J. Kornfield, 1977: A comparative study of the effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1366-1385.
-
(1977)
J. Atmos. Sci.
, vol.34
, pp. 1366-1385
-
-
Charney, J.G.1
Quirk, W.J.2
Chow, S.H.3
Kornfield, J.4
-
8
-
-
0003810065
-
-
Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, 264 pp. [Available from University of Reading. Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom.]
-
Clark, D. B., 1999: Modeling the impact of land surface degradation on the climate of tropical north Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, 264 pp. [Available from University of Reading. Whiteknights Road, Reading RG6 6AH, United Kingdom.]
-
(1999)
Modeling the Impact of Land Surface Degradation on the Climate of Tropical North Africa
-
-
Clark, D.B.1
-
9
-
-
0035870112
-
Modeling the impact of land surface degradation on the climate of tropical North Africa
-
Clark, Y. K. Xue, R. J. Harding, and P. J. Valdes, 2001: Modeling the impact of land surface degradation on the climate of tropical North Africa. J. Climate, 14, 1809-1822.
-
(2001)
J. Climate
, vol.14
, pp. 1809-1822
-
-
Clark, D.B.1
Xue, Y.K.2
Harding, R.J.3
Valdes, P.J.4
-
10
-
-
0032741657
-
Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the mid-Holocene
-
Claussen, M., C. Kubatzki, V. Brovkin, A. Ganopolski, P. Hoelzmann, and H. J. Pachur, 1999: Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the mid-Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2037-2040.
-
(1999)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.26
, pp. 2037-2040
-
-
Claussen, M.1
Kubatzki, C.2
Brovkin, V.3
Ganopolski, A.4
Hoelzmann, P.5
Pachur, H.J.6
-
11
-
-
0033044341
-
The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity
-
Cox, P. M., R. A. Betts, C. B. Bunton, R. L. H. Essery, P. R. Rowntree, and J. Smith, 1999: The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity. Climate Dyn., 15, 183-203.
-
(1999)
Climate Dyn.
, vol.15
, pp. 183-203
-
-
Cox, P.M.1
Betts, R.A.2
Bunton, C.B.3
Essery, R.L.H.4
Rowntree, P.R.5
Smith, J.6
-
12
-
-
0030615676
-
Land surface conditions of the Niamey region: Ecological and hydrological implications
-
d'Herbès, J. M., and C. Valentin, 1997: Land surface conditions of the Niamey region: Ecological and hydrological implications. J. Hydrol., 189, 18-42.
-
(1997)
J. Hydrol.
, vol.189
, pp. 18-42
-
-
d'Herbès, J.M.1
Valentin, C.2
-
13
-
-
0031947959
-
A soil moisture-rainfall feedback mechanism. I. Theory and observations
-
Eltahir, E. A. B., 1998: A soil moisture-rainfall feedback mechanism. I. Theory and observations. Water Resour. Res., 34, 765-776.
-
(1998)
Water Resour. Res.
, vol.34
, pp. 765-776
-
-
Eltahir, E.A.B.1
-
15
-
-
0013171057
-
-
FAO, cited Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [Available online at]
-
FAO, cited 1995: FAOSTAT-Computerised information series statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [Available online at http://apps.fao.org.]
-
(1995)
FAOSTAT - Computerised Information Series Statistics
-
-
-
16
-
-
0022839918
-
Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901-85
-
Folland, C. K., T. N. Palmer, and D. E. Parker, 1986: Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901-85. Nature, 320, 602-607.
-
(1986)
Nature
, vol.320
, pp. 602-607
-
-
Folland, C.K.1
Palmer, T.N.2
Parker, D.E.3
-
17
-
-
0030394573
-
Sea surface temperature fields associated with West African rainfall anomaly types
-
Fontaine, B., and S. Janicot, 1996: Sea surface temperature fields associated with West African rainfall anomaly types. J. Climate, 9, 2935-2940.
-
(1996)
J. Climate
, vol.9
, pp. 2935-2940
-
-
Fontaine, B.1
Janicot, S.2
-
18
-
-
0027444437
-
Sensitivity of climate simulations to land-surface and atmospheric boundary-layer treatments - A review
-
Garratt, J. R., 1993: Sensitivity of climate simulations to land-surface and atmospheric boundary-layer treatments-A review. J. Climate. 6, 419-449.
-
(1993)
J. Climate
, vol.6
, pp. 419-449
-
-
Garratt, J.R.1
-
19
-
-
0030615667
-
The variability of evaporation during the HAPEX-Sahel intensive observation period
-
Coauthors
-
Gash, J. H. C., and Coauthors, 1997: The variability of evaporation during the HAPEX-Sahel intensive observation period. J. Hydrol., 189, 385-399.
-
(1997)
J. Hydrol.
, vol.189
, pp. 385-399
-
-
Gash, J.H.C.1
-
20
-
-
0031658288
-
Dry season water use patterns under Guiera senegalensis L. shrubs in a tropical savanna
-
Gaze, S. R., J. Brouwer, L. P. Simmonds, and J. Bromley. 1998: Dry season water use patterns under Guiera senegalensis L. shrubs in a tropical savanna. J. Arid Environ., 40, 53-67.
-
(1998)
J. Arid Environ.
, vol.40
, pp. 53-67
-
-
Gaze, S.R.1
Brouwer, J.2
Simmonds, L.P.3
Bromley, J.4
-
21
-
-
0022244158
-
A survey of anthropogenic vegetation changes in West Africa during the last century - Climatic implications
-
Gornitz, V., 1985: A survey of anthropogenic vegetation changes in West Africa during the last century-Climatic implications. Climatic Change, 7, 285-325.
-
(1985)
Climatic Change
, vol.7
, pp. 285-325
-
-
Gornitz, V.1
-
22
-
-
84912992171
-
HAPEX-Sahel - A large-scale study of land-atmosphere interactions in the semi-arid tropics
-
Coauthors
-
Goutorbe, J. P. and Coauthors, 1994: HAPEX-Sahel-A large-scale study of land-atmosphere interactions in the semi-arid tropics. Ann. Geophys., 12, 53-64.
-
(1994)
Ann. Geophys.
, vol.12
, pp. 53-64
-
-
Goutorbe, J.P.1
-
23
-
-
0029520247
-
Transient effects of climate on vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations
-
Goward, S. N., and S. D. Prince. 1995: Transient effects of climate on vegetation dynamics: Satellite observations. J. Biogeogr., 22, 549-564.
-
(1995)
J. Biogeogr.
, vol.22
, pp. 549-564
-
-
Goward, S.N.1
Prince, S.D.2
-
24
-
-
12244300392
-
Stomatal conductance of West-Central Supersite vegetation in HAPEX-Sahel: Measurements and empirical models
-
Hanan, N. P., and S. D. Prince, 1997: Stomatal conductance of West-Central Supersite vegetation in HAPEX-Sahel: Measurements and empirical models. J. Hydrol., 189, 536-562.
-
(1997)
J. Hydrol.
, vol.189
, pp. 536-562
-
-
Hanan, N.P.1
Prince, S.D.2
-
25
-
-
0034099671
-
Vegetation-climate feedbacks in the conversion of tropical savanna to grassland
-
Hoffman, W. A., and R. B. Jackson, 2000: Vegetation-climate feedbacks in the conversion of tropical savanna to grassland. J. Climate, 13, 1593-1602.
-
(2000)
J. Climate
, vol.13
, pp. 1593-1602
-
-
Hoffman, W.A.1
Jackson, R.B.2
-
26
-
-
0026482986
-
A 1951-80 global land precipitation climatology for the evaluation of general-circulation models
-
Hulme, M., 1992: A 1951-80 global land precipitation climatology for the evaluation of general-circulation models. Climate Dyn., 7, 57-72.
-
(1992)
Climate Dyn.
, vol.7
, pp. 57-72
-
-
Hulme, M.1
-
27
-
-
0001406361
-
Large-scale tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with subsaharan weather anomalies
-
Lamb, P. J., 1978: Large-scale tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with subsaharan weather anomalies. Tellus, 30A, 240-251.
-
(1978)
Tellus
, vol.30 A
, pp. 240-251
-
-
Lamb, P.J.1
-
28
-
-
0031204365
-
Land-cover changes in sub-Saharan Africa (1982-1991): Application of a change index based on remotely sensed surface temperature and vegetation indices at a continental scale
-
Lambin, E. F., and D. Ehrlich, 1997: Land-cover changes in sub-Saharan Africa (1982-1991): Application of a change index based on remotely sensed surface temperature and vegetation indices at a continental scale. Remote Sens. Environ., 61, 181-200.
-
(1997)
Remote Sens. Environ.
, vol.61
, pp. 181-200
-
-
Lambin, E.F.1
Ehrlich, D.2
-
29
-
-
18244386525
-
The causes of land-use and -cover change: Moving beyond the myths
-
Coauthors
-
Lambin, E. F., and Coauthors, 2001: The causes of land-use and -cover change: Moving beyond the myths. Global Environ. Change, 11, 261-269.
-
(2001)
Global Environ. Change
, vol.11
, pp. 261-269
-
-
Lambin, E.F.1
-
31
-
-
0024707661
-
On the correspondence between Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models
-
Lenhard, R. J., J. C. Parker, and S. Mishra, 1989: On the correspondence between Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 115, 744-751.
-
(1989)
J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.
, vol.115
, pp. 744-751
-
-
Lenhard, R.J.1
Parker, J.C.2
Mishra, S.3
-
32
-
-
0027838810
-
New evidence of desertification from case-studies in northern Burkina-Faso
-
Lindqvist, S., and A. Tengherg, 1993: New evidence of desertification from case-studies in northern Burkina-Faso. Geogr. Ann., 75A, 127-135.
-
(1993)
Geogr. Ann.
, vol.75 A
, pp. 127-135
-
-
Lindqvist, S.1
Tengberg, A.2
-
33
-
-
0032823507
-
An analysis of the IGBP global land-cover characterization process
-
Loveland, T. R., Z. L. Zhu, D. O. Ohlen, J. F. Brown, B. C. Reed, and L. M. Yang, 1999: An analysis of the IGBP global land-cover characterization process. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 65, 1021-1032.
-
(1999)
Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
, vol.65
, pp. 1021-1032
-
-
Loveland, T.R.1
Zhu, Z.L.2
Ohlen, D.O.3
Brown, J.F.4
Reed, B.C.5
Yang, L.M.6
-
35
-
-
0030613309
-
2 cycle during the HAPEX-Sahel experiment
-
Coauthors
-
2 cycle during the HAPEX-Sahel experiment. J. Hydrol., 189, 516-535.
-
(1997)
J. Hydrol.
, vol.189
, pp. 516-535
-
-
Monteny, B.A.1
-
36
-
-
0024484461
-
Long-term changes in African rainfall
-
Nicholson, S. E., 1989: Long-term changes in African rainfall. Weather. 44, 47-56.
-
(1989)
Weather
, vol.44
, pp. 47-56
-
-
Nicholson, S.E.1
-
37
-
-
0031720559
-
Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: An example from the West African Sahel
-
Nicholson, S. E., Tucker, C. J. and M. B. Ba, 1998: Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: An example from the West African Sahel. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 815-829.
-
(1998)
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.79
, pp. 815-829
-
-
Nicholson, S.E.1
Tucker, C.J.2
Ba, M.B.3
-
38
-
-
0003810789
-
-
Ph.D. thesis, Royal University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, 182 pp
-
Olsson, K., 1985: Remote sensing for fuelwood resources and land degradation studies in Kordofan. the Sudan. Ph.D. thesis, Royal University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, 182 pp.
-
(1985)
Remote Sensing for Fuelwood Resources and Land Degradation Studies in Kordofan, the Sudan
-
-
Olsson, K.1
-
39
-
-
0029414045
-
Sensitivity of tropical convection to land-surface processes
-
Polcher, J., 1995: Sensitivity of tropical convection to land-surface processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3143-3161.
-
(1995)
J. Atmos. Sci.
, vol.52
, pp. 3143-3161
-
-
Polcher, J.1
-
40
-
-
0034108544
-
The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model HadAM3
-
Pope, V. D., M. L., Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and R. A. Stratton, 2000: The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model HadAM3. Climate Dyn., 16, 123-146.
-
(2000)
Climate Dyn.
, vol.16
, pp. 123-146
-
-
Pope, V.D.1
Gallani, M.L.2
Rowntree, P.R.3
Stratton, R.A.4
-
41
-
-
0031821988
-
Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification
-
Prince, S. D., E. B. De Colstoun, and L. L. Kravitz, 1998: Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification. Global Change Biol., 4, 359-374.
-
(1998)
Global Change Biol.
, vol.4
, pp. 359-374
-
-
Prince, S.D.1
De Colstoun, E.B.2
Kravitz, L.L.3
-
42
-
-
0028792850
-
Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-92) - Observations and modeling
-
Rowell, D. P., C. K. Folland, K. Maskell, and M. N. Ward, 1995: Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-92)-Observations and modeling. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 669-704.
-
(1995)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.121
, pp. 669-704
-
-
Rowell, D.P.1
Folland, C.K.2
Maskell, K.3
Ward, M.N.4
-
43
-
-
0007443363
-
A global database of soil properties: Proposal for implementation
-
35 pp
-
Scholes, R. J., D. Skole, and J. S. Ingram, 1995: A global database of soil properties: Proposal for implementation. IGBP-DIS Paper 10, 35 pp.
-
(1995)
IGBP-DIS Paper 10
-
-
Scholes, R.J.1
Skole, D.2
Ingram, J.S.3
-
44
-
-
0342854206
-
A dynamic simulation model of land-use changes in Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa (SALU)
-
Stephenne, N., and E. F. Lambin, 2001a: A dynamic simulation model of land-use changes in Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa (SALU). Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 85, 145-161.
-
(2001)
Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
, vol.85
, pp. 145-161
-
-
Stephenne, N.1
Lambin, E.F.2
-
45
-
-
0346392564
-
Backward land-cover change projections for the Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa with a dynamic simulation model of land-use change (SALU)
-
T. Matsuno and H. Kida, Eds., Terra Scientific
-
Stephenne, N., and E. F. Lambin, 2001b: Backward land-cover change projections for the Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa with a dynamic simulation model of land-use change (SALU). Present and Future of Modeling Global Environment Change-Towards Integrated Modeling, T. Matsuno and H. Kida, Eds., Terra Scientific, 255-270.
-
(2001)
Present and Future of Modeling Global Environment Change - Towards Integrated Modeling
, pp. 255-270
-
-
Stephenne, N.1
Lambin, E.F.2
-
46
-
-
0001117531
-
Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-92) - Observations and modeling - Comment
-
Sud, Y. C., and W. M. Lau, 1996: Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-92)-Observations and modeling-Comment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1001-1006.
-
(1996)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.122
, pp. 1001-1006
-
-
Sud, Y.C.1
Lau, W.M.2
-
47
-
-
16644381434
-
Rainfall controls on evaporation at the regional scale: An example from the Sahel
-
Taylor, C. M., and E. M. Blyth, 2000: Rainfall controls on evaporation at the regional scale: An example from the Sahel. J. Geophys. Res., 105D, 15 469-15 479.
-
(2000)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.105 D
, pp. 15469-15479
-
-
Taylor, C.M.1
Blyth, E.M.2
-
48
-
-
0035308697
-
The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: A land surface perspective
-
Taylor, C. M. and D. B. Clark, 2001: The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: A land surface perspective. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 845-867.
-
(2001)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.127
, pp. 845-867
-
-
Taylor, C.M.1
Clark, D.B.2
-
49
-
-
0034080356
-
Biosphere-atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria
-
Wang, G. L., and E. A. B. Eltahir, 2000a: Biosphere-atmosphere interactions over West Africa. II: Multiple climate equilibria. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1261-1280.
-
(2000)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.126
, pp. 1261-1280
-
-
Wang, G.L.1
Eltahir, E.A.B.2
-
50
-
-
0034353327
-
Ecosystem dynamics and the Sahel drought
-
Wang, G. L., and E. A. B. Eltahir, 2000b: Ecosystem dynamics and the Sahel drought. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 795-798.
-
(2000)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.27
, pp. 795-798
-
-
Wang, G.L.1
Eltahir, E.A.B.2
-
51
-
-
0031426702
-
Biosphere feedback on regional climate in tropical North Africa
-
Xue, Y., 1997: Biosphere feedback on regional climate in tropical north Africa. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1483-1515.
-
(1997)
Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.
, vol.123
, pp. 1483-1515
-
-
Xue, Y.1
-
52
-
-
0027795694
-
The influence of land-surface properties on Sahel climate. 1. Desertification
-
Xue, Y., and J. Shukla, 1993: The influence of land-surface properties on Sahel climate. 1. Desertification. J. Climate. 6, 2232-2245.
-
(1993)
J. Climate
, vol.6
, pp. 2232-2245
-
-
Xue, Y.1
Shukla, J.2
-
53
-
-
85006664222
-
A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies
-
Xue, Y., P. J. Sellers, J. L. Kinter, and J. Shukla, 1991: A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies. J. Climate, 4, 345-364.
-
(1991)
J. Climate
, vol.4
, pp. 345-364
-
-
Xue, Y.1
Sellers, P.J.2
Kinter, J.L.3
Shukla, J.4
-
54
-
-
0033584784
-
Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction
-
Zeng, N., J. D. Neelin, K. M. Lau, and C. J. Tucker, 1999: Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction. Science, 286, 1537-1540.
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.286
, pp. 1537-1540
-
-
Zeng, N.1
Neelin, J.D.2
Lau, K.M.3
Tucker, C.J.4
-
55
-
-
0030710479
-
The response to deforestation and desertification in a model of West African monsoons
-
Zheng, X. Y., and E. A. B. Eltahir, 1997: The response to deforestation and desertification in a model of West African monsoons. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 155-158.
-
(1997)
Geophys. Res. Lett.
, vol.24
, pp. 155-158
-
-
Zhenzg, X.Y.1
Eltahir, E.A.B.2
|