메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 259-270

Mucosal defences against Giardia

Author keywords

Epithelial cells; Giardiasis; Mucosal immunology; Pathogenesis; Small intestine

Indexed keywords

ALPHA DEFENSIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A ANTIBODY; LACTOFERRIN; NITRIC OXIDE; PEPTIDE; POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0346249810     PISSN: 01419838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2003.00634.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (192)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0034933985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of Giardia lamblia
    • Adam RD. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 447-475.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.14 , pp. 447-475
    • Adam, R.D.1
  • 2
    • 0033961678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune response to Giardia duodenalis
    • Faubert G. Immune response to Giardia duodenalis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 35-54.
    • (2000) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.13 , pp. 35-54
    • Faubert, G.1
  • 3
    • 0026796031 scopus 로고
    • Giardia - Diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology. A review
    • Flanagan PA. Giardia - diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology. A review. Epidemiol Infect 1992; 109: 1-22.
    • (1992) Epidemiol Infect , vol.109 , pp. 1-22
    • Flanagan, P.A.1
  • 4
    • 0033678745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardiasis as a re-emerging infectious disease and its zoonotic potential
    • Thompson RC. Giardiasis as a re-emerging infectious disease and its zoonotic potential. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1259-1267.
    • (2000) Int J Parasitol , vol.30 , pp. 1259-1267
    • Thompson, R.C.1
  • 5
    • 0033652240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food
    • Slifko TR, Smith HV & Rose JB. Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1379-1393.
    • (2000) Int J Parasitol , vol.30 , pp. 1379-1393
    • Slifko, T.R.1    Smith, H.V.2    Rose, J.B.3
  • 7
    • 0029816917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell biology of the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia
    • Gillin FD, Reiner DS & McCaffery JM. Cell biology of the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia. Annu Rev Microbiol 1996; 50: 679-705.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 679-705
    • Gillin, F.D.1    Reiner, D.S.2    McCaffery, J.M.3
  • 9
    • 0030775312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cell hyperplasia and increased macromolecular uptake in an animal model of giardiasis
    • Hardin JA, Buret AG, Olson ME, Kimm MH & Gall DG. Mast cell hyperplasia and increased macromolecular uptake in an animal model of giardiasis. J Parasitol 1997; 83: 908-912.
    • (1997) J Parasitol , vol.83 , pp. 908-912
    • Hardin, J.A.1    Buret, A.G.2    Olson, M.E.3    Kimm, M.H.4    Gall, D.G.5
  • 10
    • 0030891122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of mucosal inflammatory responses to Giardia muris in resistant B10 and susceptible BALB/c mice
    • Venkatesan P, Finch RG & Wakelin D. A comparison of mucosal inflammatory responses to Giardia muris in resistant B10 and susceptible BALB/c mice. Parasite Immunol 1997; 19: 137-143.
    • (1997) Parasite Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 137-143
    • Venkatesan, P.1    Finch, R.G.2    Wakelin, D.3
  • 11
    • 0034079010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jejunal brush border microvillous alterations in Giardia muris-infected mice: Role of T lymphocytes and interleukin-6
    • Scott KG, Logan MR, Klammer GM, Teoh DA & Buret AG. Jejunal brush border microvillous alterations in Giardia muris-infected mice: role of T lymphocytes and interleukin-6. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 3412-3418.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 3412-3418
    • Scott, K.G.1    Logan, M.R.2    Klammer, G.M.3    Teoh, D.A.4    Buret, A.G.5
  • 12
    • 0026331613 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in enzymatic activities of the intestinal mucosa during the course of Giardia lamblia infection in mice
    • Nain CK, Dutt P & Vinayak VK. Alterations in enzymatic activities of the intestinal mucosa during the course of Giardia lamblia infection in mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1991; 85: 515-522.
    • (1991) Ann Trop Med Parasitol , vol.85 , pp. 515-522
    • Nain, C.K.1    Dutt, P.2    Vinayak, V.K.3
  • 13
    • 0028104132 scopus 로고
    • Giardia lamblia infections in adult mice
    • Byrd LG, Conrad JT & Nash TE. Giardia lamblia infections in adult mice. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 3583-3585.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 3583-3585
    • Byrd, L.G.1    Conrad, J.T.2    Nash, T.E.3
  • 15
    • 0034104717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of normal flora in Giardia lamblia infections in mice
    • Singer SM & Nash TE. The role of normal flora in Giardia lamblia infections in mice. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1510-1512.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 1510-1512
    • Singer, S.M.1    Nash, T.E.2
  • 16
    • 0033565283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single amino acid in E-cadherin responsible for host specificity towards the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
    • Lecuit M, Dramsi S, Gottardi C, Fedor-Chaiken M, Gumbiner B & Cossart P. A single amino acid in E-cadherin responsible for host specificity towards the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. EMBO J 1999; 18: 3956-3963.
    • (1999) EMBO J , vol.18 , pp. 3956-3963
    • Lecuit, M.1    Dramsi, S.2    Gottardi, C.3    Fedor-Chaiken, M.4    Gumbiner, B.5    Cossart, P.6
  • 17
    • 0035368519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transgenic model for listeriosis: Role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier
    • Lecuit M, Vandormael-Pournin S, Lefort J et al. A transgenic model for listeriosis: role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier. Science 2001; 292: 1722-1725.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1722-1725
    • Lecuit, M.1    Vandormael-Pournin, S.2    Lefort, J.3
  • 18
    • 0034192007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature and genetic groupings of Giardia infecting mammals
    • Thompson RC, Hopkins RM & Homan WL. Nomenclature and genetic groupings of Giardia infecting mammals. Parasitol Today 2000; 16: 210-213.
    • (2000) Parasitol Today , vol.16 , pp. 210-213
    • Thompson, R.C.1    Hopkins, R.M.2    Homan, W.L.3
  • 20
    • 0027496639 scopus 로고
    • Effects of protein malnutrition on experimental giardiasis in the Mongolian gerbil
    • Leitch GJ, Udezulu IA, He Q & Visvesvara GS. Effects of protein malnutrition on experimental giardiasis in the Mongolian gerbil. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28: 885-893.
    • (1993) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.28 , pp. 885-893
    • Leitch, G.J.1    Udezulu, I.A.2    He, Q.3    Visvesvara, G.S.4
  • 21
    • 0026659071 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of small intestinal malabsorption in gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia
    • Buret A, Hardin JA, Olson ME & Gall DG. Pathophysiology of small intestinal malabsorption in gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 506-513.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.103 , pp. 506-513
    • Buret, A.1    Hardin, J.A.2    Olson, M.E.3    Gall, D.G.4
  • 22
    • 0031417866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Giardia lamblia infection on gastrointestinal transit and contractility in Mongolian gerbils
    • Deselliers LP, Tan DT, Scott RB & Olson ME. Effects of Giardia lamblia infection on gastrointestinal transit and contractility in Mongolian gerbils. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 2411-2419.
    • (1997) Dig Dis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 2411-2419
    • Deselliers, L.P.1    Tan, D.T.2    Scott, R.B.3    Olson, M.E.4
  • 23
    • 0033868480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia lamblia: Effect of infection with symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates on the growth of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
    • Astiazaran-Garcia H, Espinosa-Cantellano M, Castanon G, Chavez-Munguia B & Martinez-Palomo A. Giardia lamblia: effect of infection with symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates on the growth of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Exp Parasitol 2000; 95: 128-135.
    • (2000) Exp Parasitol , vol.95 , pp. 128-135
    • Astiazaran-Garcia, H.1    Espinosa-Cantellano, M.2    Castanon, G.3    Chavez-Munguia, B.4    Martinez-Palomo, A.5
  • 24
    • 0028862034 scopus 로고
    • Attachment of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to a cultured human intestinal cell line
    • Katelaris PH, Naeem A & Farthing MJ. Attachment of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to a cultured human intestinal cell line. Gut 1995; 37: 512-518.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.37 , pp. 512-518
    • Katelaris, P.H.1    Naeem, A.2    Farthing, M.J.3
  • 25
    • 0033838596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia lamblia rearranges F-actin and α-actinin in human colonic and duodenal monolayers and reduces transepithelial electrical resistance
    • Teoh DA, Kamieniecki D, Pang G & Buret AG. Giardia lamblia rearranges F-actin and α-actinin in human colonic and duodenal monolayers and reduces transepithelial electrical resistance. J Parasitol 2000; 86: 800-806.
    • (2000) J Parasitol , vol.86 , pp. 800-806
    • Teoh, D.A.1    Kamieniecki, D.2    Pang, G.3    Buret, A.G.4
  • 26
    • 0034141851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide production by human intestinal epithelial cells and competition for arginine as potential determinants of host defense against the lumen-dwelling pathogen Giardia lamblia
    • Eckmann L, Laurent F, Langford TD et al. Nitric oxide production by human intestinal epithelial cells and competition for arginine as potential determinants of host defense against the lumen-dwelling pathogen Giardia lamblia. J Immunol 2000; 164: 1478-1487.
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 1478-1487
    • Eckmann, L.1    Laurent, F.2    Langford, T.D.3
  • 27
    • 0029934888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic, functional, and morphological characterization of three new human small intestinal epithelial cell lines
    • Pang G, Buret A, O'Loughlin E, Smith A, Batey R & Clancy R. Immunologic, functional, and morphological characterization of three new human small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 8-18.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 8-18
    • Pang, G.1    Buret, A.2    O'Loughlin, E.3    Smith, A.4    Batey, R.5    Clancy, R.6
  • 28
    • 0036084962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain-dependent induction of enterocyte apoptosis by Giardia lamblia disrupts epithelial barrier function in a caspase-3-dependent manner
    • Chin AC, Teoh DA, Scott KG, Meddings JB, Macnaughton WK & Buret AG. Strain-dependent induction of enterocyte apoptosis by Giardia lamblia disrupts epithelial barrier function in a caspase-3-dependent manner. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 3673-3680.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 3673-3680
    • Chin, A.C.1    Teoh, D.A.2    Scott, K.G.3    Meddings, J.B.4    Macnaughton, W.K.5    Buret, A.G.6
  • 29
    • 0036067280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia lamblia disrupts tight junctional ZO-1 and increases permeability in non-transformed human small intestinal epithelial monolayers: Effects of epidermal growth factor
    • Buret AG, Mitchell K, Muench DG & Scott KG. Giardia lamblia disrupts tight junctional ZO-1 and increases permeability in non-transformed human small intestinal epithelial monolayers: effects of epidermal growth factor. Parasitology 2002; 125: 11-19.
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.125 , pp. 11-19
    • Buret, A.G.1    Mitchell, K.2    Muench, D.G.3    Scott, K.G.4
  • 30
    • 0024542457 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal IgA responses to Giardia muris in mice depleted of helper T lymphocytes and in immunocompetent mice
    • Heyworth MF. Intestinal IgA responses to Giardia muris in mice depleted of helper T lymphocytes and in immunocompetent mice. J Parasitol 1989; 75: 246-251.
    • (1989) J Parasitol , vol.75 , pp. 246-251
    • Heyworth, M.F.1
  • 31
    • 0028021852 scopus 로고
    • Serum antibody responses by male and female C57B1/6 mice infected with Giardia muris
    • Daniels CW & Belosevic M. Serum antibody responses by male and female C57B1/6 mice infected with Giardia muris. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 97: 424-429.
    • (1994) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.97 , pp. 424-429
    • Daniels, C.W.1    Belosevic, M.2
  • 32
    • 0022655095 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative and temporal analyses of murine antibody response in serum and gut secretions to infection with Giardia muris
    • Snider DP & Underdown BJ. Quantitative and temporal analyses of murine antibody response in serum and gut secretions to infection with Giardia muris. Infect Immun 1986; 52: 271-278.
    • (1986) Infect Immun , vol.52 , pp. 271-278
    • Snider, D.P.1    Underdown, B.J.2
  • 33
    • 0021847309 scopus 로고
    • Chronic Giardia muris infection in anti-IgM-treated mice. I. Analysis of immunoglobulin and parasite-specific antibody in normal and immunoglobulin- deficient animals
    • Snider DP, Gordon J, McDermott MR & Underdown BJ. Chronic Giardia muris infection in anti-IgM-treated mice. I. Analysis of immunoglobulin and parasite-specific antibody in normal and immunoglobulin-deficient animals. J Immunol 1985; 134: 4153-4162.
    • (1985) J Immunol , vol.134 , pp. 4153-4162
    • Snider, D.P.1    Gordon, J.2    McDermott, M.R.3    Underdown, B.J.4
  • 34
    • 0023701467 scopus 로고
    • Chronic giardiasis in B-cell-deficient mice expressing the xid gene
    • Snider DP, Skea D & Underdown BJ. Chronic giardiasis in B-cell-deficient mice expressing the xid gene. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 2838-2842.
    • (1988) Infect Immun , vol.56 , pp. 2838-2842
    • Snider, D.P.1    Skea, D.2    Underdown, B.J.3
  • 35
    • 0030885129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia lamblia infections in B-cell-deficient transgenic mice
    • Stager S & Muller N. Giardia lamblia infections in B-cell-deficient transgenic mice. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 3944-3946.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 3944-3946
    • Stager, S.1    Muller, N.2
  • 36
    • 0036140141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central importance of immunoglobulin a in host defense against Giardia spp.
    • Langford TD, Housley MP, Boes M et al. Central importance of immunoglobulin A in host defense against Giardia spp. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 11-18.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 11-18
    • Langford, T.D.1    Housley, M.P.2    Boes, M.3
  • 37
    • 0025873135 scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance to Giardia muris in X-linked immunodeficient mice
    • Skea DL & Underdown BJ. Acquired resistance to Giardia muris in X-linked immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 1733-1738.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 1733-1738
    • Skea, D.L.1    Underdown, B.J.2
  • 38
    • 0033981933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell-dependent control of acute Giardia lamblia infections in mice
    • Singer SM & Nash TE. T-cell-dependent control of acute Giardia lamblia infections in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 170-175.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 170-175
    • Singer, S.M.1    Nash, T.E.2
  • 39
    • 0031033548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders
    • Lai Ping So A & Mayer L. Gastrointestinal manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1997; 8: 22-32.
    • (1997) Semin Gastrointest Dis , vol.8 , pp. 22-32
    • Lai Ping So, A.1    Mayer, L.2
  • 42
    • 0034051641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin a (IgA) deficiency and alternative celiac disease-associated antibodies in sera, submitted to a reference laboratory for endomysial Iga testing
    • Prince HE, Norman GL & Binder WL. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and alternative celiac disease-associated antibodies in sera, submitted to a reference laboratory for endomysial IgA testing. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000; 7: 192-196.
    • (2000) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 192-196
    • Prince, H.E.1    Norman, G.L.2    Binder, W.L.3
  • 43
    • 0028234789 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10 induces B lymphocytes from IgA-deficient patients to secrete IgA
    • Briere F, Bridon JM, Chevet D et al. Interleukin 10 induces B lymphocytes from IgA-deficient patients to secrete IgA. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 97-104.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 97-104
    • Briere, F.1    Bridon, J.M.2    Chevet, D.3
  • 44
    • 0031835339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-10 and IL-4 cooperate to normalize in vitro IgA production in IgA-deficient (IgAD) patients
    • Marconi M, Plebani A, Avanzini MA et al. IL-10 and IL-4 cooperate to normalize in vitro IgA production in IgA-deficient (IgAD) patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 112: 528-532.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 528-532
    • Marconi, M.1    Plebani, A.2    Avanzini, M.A.3
  • 45
    • 0033104726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted deletion of the IgA constant region in mice leads to IgA deficiency with alterations in expression of other Ig isotypes
    • Harriman GR, Bogue M, Rogers P et al. Targeted deletion of the IgA constant region in mice leads to IgA deficiency with alterations in expression of other Ig isotypes. J Immunol 1999; 162: 2521-2529.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 2521-2529
    • Harriman, G.R.1    Bogue, M.2    Rogers, P.3
  • 46
    • 0026587556 scopus 로고
    • Relative susceptibility of Giardia muris trophozoites to killing by mouse antibodies of different isotypes
    • Heyworth MF. Relative susceptibility of Giardia muris trophozoites to killing by mouse antibodies of different isotypes. J Parasitol 1992; 78: 73-76.
    • (1992) J Parasitol , vol.78 , pp. 73-76
    • Heyworth, M.F.1
  • 47
    • 0032037592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of antibodies in mother's milk on antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in the murine mother-offspring model of infection
    • Stager S, Gottstein B, Sager H, Jungi TW & Muller N. Influence of antibodies in mother's milk on antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in the murine mother-offspring model of infection. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 1287-1292.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Stager, S.1    Gottstein, B.2    Sager, H.3    Jungi, T.W.4    Muller, N.5
  • 48
    • 0035174430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological selection of variant-specific surface proteins in Giardia lamblia
    • Singer SM, Elmendorf HG, Conrad JT & Nash TE. Biological selection of variant-specific surface proteins in Giardia lamblia. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 119-124.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.183 , pp. 119-124
    • Singer, S.M.1    Elmendorf, H.G.2    Conrad, J.T.3    Nash, T.E.4
  • 49
    • 0026600509 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) gene from isolate GS/M and estimation of the VSP gene repertoire size
    • Nash TE & Mowatt MR. Characterization of a Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) gene from isolate GS/M and estimation of the VSP gene repertoire size. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1992; 51: 219-227.
    • (1992) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.51 , pp. 219-227
    • Nash, T.E.1    Mowatt, M.R.2
  • 50
    • 0344528654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation and the murine immune response to Giardia lamblia
    • Muller N & Gottstein B. Antigenic variation and the murine immune response to Giardia lamblia. Int J Parasitol 1998; 28: 1829-1839.
    • (1998) Int J Parasitol , vol.28 , pp. 1829-1839
    • Muller, N.1    Gottstein, B.2
  • 51
    • 0031570501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives series: Host/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity
    • Fang FC. Perspectives series: host/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2818-2825.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 2818-2825
    • Fang, F.C.1
  • 52
    • 0034929425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide in parasitic infections
    • Brunet LR. Nitric oxide in parasitic infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1: 1457-1467.
    • (2001) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 1457-1467
    • Brunet, L.R.1
  • 53
    • 0033868029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide in mucosal defense: A little goes a long way
    • Wallace JL & Miller MJ. Nitric oxide in mucosal defense: a little goes a long way. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 512-520.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , pp. 512-520
    • Wallace, J.L.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 54
    • 0029881475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and activity of nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers
    • Salzman A, Denenberg AG, Ueta I, O'Connor M, Linn SC & Szabo C. Induction and activity of nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: G565-G573.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Salzman, A.1    Denenberg, A.G.2    Ueta, I.3    O'Connor, M.4    Linn, S.C.5    Szabo, C.6
  • 55
    • 0031656002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteroinvasive bacteria directly activate expression of iNOS and NO production in human colon epithelial cells
    • Witthoft T, Eckmann L, Kim JM & Kagnoff MF. Enteroinvasive bacteria directly activate expression of iNOS and NO production in human colon epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: G564-G571.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Witthoft, T.1    Eckmann, L.2    Kim, J.M.3    Kagnoff, M.F.4
  • 56
    • 0030938181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mouse ileal mucosa
    • Hoffman RA, Zhang G, Nussler NC et al. Constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mouse ileal mucosa. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: G383-G392.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Hoffman, R.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Nussler, N.C.3
  • 58
    • 0029816226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in colonic epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Singer II, Kawka DW, Scott S et al. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in colonic epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 871-885.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 871-885
    • Singer, I.I.1    Kawka, D.W.2    Scott, S.3
  • 59
    • 0031982681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells
    • Salzman AL, Eaves-Pyles T, Linn SC, Denenberg AG & Szabo C. Bacterial induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 93-102.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 93-102
    • Salzman, A.L.1    Eaves-Pyles, T.2    Linn, S.C.3    Denenberg, A.G.4    Szabo, C.5
  • 60
    • 0031037985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis
    • Islam D, Veress B, Bardhan PK, Lindberg AA & Christensson B. In situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 739-749.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 739-749
    • Islam, D.1    Veress, B.2    Bardhan, P.K.3    Lindberg, A.A.4    Christensson, B.5
  • 61
    • 0030628364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide and superoxide in Giardia lamblia killing
    • Fernandes PD & Assreuy J. Role of nitric oxide and superoxide in Giardia lamblia killing. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30: 93-99.
    • (1997) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.30 , pp. 93-99
    • Fernandes, P.D.1    Assreuy, J.2
  • 63
    • 0028970726 scopus 로고
    • L-arginine transport and metabolism in Giardia intestinalis support its position as a transition between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms
    • Knodler LA, Schofield PJ & Edwards MR. L-arginine transport and metabolism in Giardia intestinalis support its position as a transition between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Microbiology 1995; 141: 2063-2070.
    • (1995) Microbiology , vol.141 , pp. 2063-2070
    • Knodler, L.A.1    Schofield, P.J.2    Edwards, M.R.3
  • 64
    • 0028913396 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of system y+ arginine transport capacity in differentiating human intestinal Caco-2 cells
    • Pan M, Malandro M & Stevens BR. Regulation of system y+ arginine transport capacity in differentiating human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: G578-G585.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Pan, M.1    Malandro, M.2    Stevens, B.R.3
  • 65
    • 0028962660 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid transport by small intestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic epithelia
    • Mailliard ME, Stevens BR & Mann GE. Amino acid transport by small intestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic epithelia. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 888-910.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 888-910
    • Mailliard, M.E.1    Stevens, B.R.2    Mann, G.E.3
  • 66
    • 0035015850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of children's diarrhea in Montevideo, Uruguay: Associated pathogens and unusual isolates
    • Torres ME, Pirez MC, Schelotto F et al. Etiology of children's diarrhea in Montevideo, Uruguay: associated pathogens and unusual isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2134-2139.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 2134-2139
    • Torres, M.E.1    Pirez, M.C.2    Schelotto, F.3
  • 67
    • 0029816072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral L-NAME during Trichinella spiralis infection in rats
    • Hogaboam CM, Collins SM & Blennerhassett MG. Effects of oral L-NAME during Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: G338-G346.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Hogaboam, C.M.1    Collins, S.M.2    Blennerhassett, M.G.3
  • 68
    • 0017035306 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of giardiasis during the intestinal phase of trichinosis in the mouse
    • Roberts-Thomson IC, Grove DI, Stevens DP & Warren KS. Suppression of giardiasis during the intestinal phase of trichinosis in the mouse. Gut 1976; 17: 953-958.
    • (1976) Gut , vol.17 , pp. 953-958
    • Roberts-Thomson, I.C.1    Grove, D.I.2    Stevens, D.P.3    Warren, K.S.4
  • 69
    • 0035024206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paneth cell defensins and innate immunity of the small bowel
    • Ouellette AJ & Bevins CL. Paneth cell defensins and innate immunity of the small bowel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2001; 7: 43-50.
    • (2001) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.7 , pp. 43-50
    • Ouellette, A.J.1    Bevins, C.L.2
  • 70
    • 0037085279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Paneth cell α-defensins in mouse small intestine
    • Ayabe T, Satchell DP, Pesendorfer P et al. Activation of Paneth cell α-defensins in mouse small intestine. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 5219-5228.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 5219-5228
    • Ayabe, T.1    Satchell, D.P.2    Pesendorfer, P.3
  • 71
    • 0033214433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of intestinal α-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense
    • Wilson CL, Ouellette AJ, Satchell DP et al. Regulation of intestinal α-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense. Science 1999; 286: 113-117.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 113-117
    • Wilson, C.L.1    Ouellette, A.J.2    Satchell, D.P.3
  • 72
    • 0032734313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of the human β-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium
    • O'Neil DA, Porter EM, Elewaut D et al. Expression and regulation of the human β-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium. J Immunol 1999; 163: 6718-6724.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 6718-6724
    • O'Neil, D.A.1    Porter, E.M.2    Elewaut, D.3
  • 73
    • 0036151109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell differentiation is a key determinant of cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 expression by human colon epithelium
    • Hase K, Eckmann L, Leopard JD, Varki N & Kagnoff MF. Cell differentiation is a key determinant of cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 expression by human colon epithelium. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 953-963.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 953-963
    • Hase, K.1    Eckmann, L.2    Leopard, J.D.3    Varki, N.4    Kagnoff, M.F.5
  • 74
    • 0027945728 scopus 로고
    • Killing of Giardia lamblia by cryptdins and cationic neutrophil peptides
    • Aley SB, Zimmerman M, Hetsko M, Selsted ME & Gillin FD. Killing of Giardia lamblia by cryptdins and cationic neutrophil peptides. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 5397-5403.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 5397-5403
    • Aley, S.B.1    Zimmerman, M.2    Hetsko, M.3    Selsted, M.E.4    Gillin, F.D.5
  • 77
    • 0028828203 scopus 로고
    • Giardicidal activity of lactoferrin and N-terminal peptides
    • Turchany JM, Aley SB & Gillin FD. Giardicidal activity of lactoferrin and N-terminal peptides. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4550-4552.
    • (1995) Infect Immun , vol.63 , pp. 4550-4552
    • Turchany, J.M.1    Aley, S.B.2    Gillin, F.D.3
  • 79
    • 0018145209 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of transferrin, ferritin, and lactoferrin in human tissues
    • Mason DY & Taylor CR. Distribution of transferrin, ferritin, and lactoferrin in human tissues. J Clin Pathol 1978; 31: 316-327.
    • (1978) J Clin Pathol , vol.31 , pp. 316-327
    • Mason, D.Y.1    Taylor, C.R.2
  • 80
    • 0023484562 scopus 로고
    • Ingestion of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by human mononuclear phagocytes
    • Hill DR & Pearson RD. Ingestion of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by human mononuclear phagocytes. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 3155-3161.
    • (1987) Infect Immun , vol.55 , pp. 3155-3161
    • Hill, D.R.1    Pearson, R.D.2
  • 81
    • 0021930656 scopus 로고
    • Harvesting of leukocytes from intestinal lumen in murine giardiasis and preliminary characterization of these cells
    • Heyworth MF, Owen RL, Seaman WE, Schaefer FW 3rd & Jones AL. Harvesting of leukocytes from intestinal lumen in murine giardiasis and preliminary characterization of these cells. Dig Dis Sci 1985; 30: 149-153.
    • (1985) Dig Dis Sci , vol.30 , pp. 149-153
    • Heyworth, M.F.1    Owen, R.L.2    Seaman, W.E.3    Schaefer III, F.W.4    Jones, A.L.5
  • 82
    • 0022412497 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of leukocytes obtained from the intestinal lumen of Giardia-infected immunocompetent mice and nude mice
    • Heyworth MF, Owen RL & Jones AL. Comparison of leukocytes obtained from the intestinal lumen of Giardia-infected immunocompetent mice and nude mice. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1360-1365.
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.89 , pp. 1360-1365
    • Heyworth, M.F.1    Owen, R.L.2    Jones, A.L.3
  • 83
    • 0023270497 scopus 로고
    • Clearance of Giardia muris infection requires helper/inducer T lymphocytes
    • Heyworth MF, Carlson JR & Ermak TH. Clearance of Giardia muris infection requires helper/inducer T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1987; 165: 1743-1748.
    • (1987) J Exp Med , vol.165 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Heyworth, M.F.1    Carlson, J.R.2    Ermak, T.H.3
  • 84
    • 0023000763 scopus 로고
    • Clearance of Giardia muris infection in mice deficient in natural killer cells
    • Heyworth MF, Kung JE & Eriksson EC. Clearance of Giardia muris infection in mice deficient in natural killer cells. Infect Immun 1986; 54: 903-904.
    • (1986) Infect Immun , vol.54 , pp. 903-904
    • Heyworth, M.F.1    Kung, J.E.2    Eriksson, E.C.3
  • 85
    • 0037369799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Interleukin-6 in the control of acute and chronic Giardia lamblia infections in mice
    • Zhou P, Li E, Zhu N, Robertson J, Nash T & Singer SM. Role of Interleukin-6 in the control of acute and chronic Giardia lamblia infections in mice. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 1566-1568.
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 1566-1568
    • Zhou, P.1    Li, E.2    Zhu, N.3    Robertson, J.4    Nash, T.5    Singer, S.M.6
  • 86
    • 0037369751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection but exhibit normal intestinal immunoglobulin a responses against the parasite
    • Bienz M, Dai WJ, Welle M, Gottstein B & Muller N. Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection but exhibit normal intestinal immunoglobulin A responses against the parasite. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 1569-1573.
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 1569-1573
    • Bienz, M.1    Dai, W.J.2    Welle, M.3    Gottstein, B.4    Muller, N.5
  • 87
    • 0035516183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by extracellular factors from Lactobacilli: An in vitro study
    • Perez PF, Minnaard J, Rouvet M et al. Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by extracellular factors from Lactobacilli: an in vitro study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67: 5037-5042.
    • (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 5037-5042
    • Perez, P.F.1    Minnaard, J.2    Rouvet, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.