Biology of Giardia lamblia

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 447-475

  Adam, R D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYSTEINE; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; RIBOSOME RNA;

ALLELE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CYTOSKELETON; DIARRHEA; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENOME; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GOLGI COMPLEX; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; PEROXISOME; PROMOTER REGION; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; START CODON; TROPHOZOITE;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN; GENES, PROTOZOAN; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GIARDIASIS; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS; HUMANS;

EUKARYOTA; GIARDIA; GIARDIA INTESTINALIS; MAMMALIA; PROKARYOTA; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0034933985     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.447-475.2001     Document Type: Review

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198. Identification of a novel Giardia lamblia cyst wail protein with leucine-rich repeats. Implications for secretory granule formation and protein assembly into the cyst wall
199. Increased expression of the molecular chaperone BiP/GRP78 during the differentiation of a primitive eukaryote
200. Lipid requirements and lipid uptake by Giardia lamblia trophozoites in culture
201. Purification of a variant-specific surface protein of Giardia lamblia and characterization of its metal-binding properties
202. The uptake and metabolism of cysteine by Giardia lamblia trophozoites
203. Galactosamine-synthesizing enzymes are induced when Giardia encyst
204. The role of potassium in the response of Giardia intestinalis to hypo-osmotic stress
205. Sequence and structure of a new coiled coil protein from a microtubule bundle in Giardia
206. Giardia gene predicts a 183 kDa nucleotide-binding head-stalk protein
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217. Antigenic switching of TSA 417, a trophozoite variable surface protein, following completion of the life cycle of Giardia lamblia
218. Inhibition of Giardia lamblia excystation by antibodies against cyst walls and by wheat germ agglutinin
219. Occurrence of pyrophosphate: Fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase in Giardia lamblia trophozoites
220. ATP versus pyrophosphate: Glycolysis revisited in parasitic protists
221. Presence of a fructose-2,6-bisphosphate-insensitive pyrophosphate: Fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase in the anaerobic protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus, Trichomonas vaginalis and Isotricha prostoma
222. Isolation and axenic cultivation of Giardia trophozoites from the rabbit, chinchilla, and cat
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225. Identification of Giardia lamblia isolates susceptible and resistant to infection by the doublestranded RNA virus
226. Characterization and expression of the carbamate kinase gene from Giardia intestinalis
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241. Presence and localization of vinculin in Giardia
242. Cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies to a subset of Giardia isolates
243. Antigenic variation in Giardia lamblia
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245. Variant specific epitopes of Giardia lamblia
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251. Restriction-endonuclease analysis of DNA from 15 Giardia isolates obtained from humans and animals
252. Isolate and epitope variability in susceptibility of Giardia lamblia to intestinal proteases
253. Characterization of a Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) gene from isolate GS/M and estimation of the VSP gene repertoire size
254. Variant-specific surface proteins of Giardia lamblia are zinc-binding proteins
255. Sequence of a Giardia lamblia gene coding for the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate, phosphate dikinase
256. Characterization of putative small nuclear RNAs from Giardia lamblia
257. Identification and characterization of gamma-giardin and the gamma-giardin gene from Giardia lamblia
258. Efflux of alanine by Giardia intestinalis
259. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of Giardia in dairy calves from Western Australia and Western Canada
260. Giardia: Overview and update
261. Point mutations in the guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia modulate pyrophosphate binding and enzyme catalysis
262. Respiration in the cysts and trophozoites of Giardia muris
263. The effects of oxygen on fermentation in Giardia lamblia
264. Metabolic changes in Giardia intestinalis during differentiation
265. Giardia lamblia produces alanine anaerobically but not in the presence of oxygen
266. Primary structure and biochemical properties of a variant-specific surface protein of Giardia
267. The release of the variant surface protein of Giardia to its soluble isoform is mediated by the selective cleavage of the conserved carboxy-terminal domain
268. The variant-specific surface protein of Giardia, VSP4A1, is a glycosylated and palmitoylated protein
269. Characterization of a thiol proteinase in Giardia lamblia
270. Giardia intestinalis: Volume recovery in response to cell swelling
271. Pyruvate kinase is present in Giardia intestinalis
272. Giardia intestinalis: Characterization of a NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase
273. Ultrastructural localization of giardins to the edges of disk microribbons of Giarida lamblia and the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of alpha giardin
274. Kinetic mechanism of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from Giardia lamblia
275. Variant surface antigens of Giardia lamblia are associated with the presence of a thick cell coat: Thin section and label fracture immunocytochemistry survey
276. The DNA of ciliated protozoa
277. Isoenzyme analysis of human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis from British Columbia, Canada
278. Developmentally regulated transcripts and evidence of differential mRNA processing in Giardia lamblia
279. Pyrophosphate:D-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase. A new enzyme with the glycolytic function of 6-phosphofructokinase
280. An energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway in Entamoeba histolytica. Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase
281. Identification and localization of cyst-specific antigens of Giardia lamblia
282. Sorting of cyst wall proteins to a regulated secretory pathway during differentiation of the primitive eukaryote, Giardia lamblia
283. Human milk kills Giardia lamblia by generating toxic lipolytic products
284. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of PCR-amplified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family sequences from representatives of the earliest available lineages of eukaryotes
285. Primary structure and phylogenetic relationships of a malate dehydrogenase gene from Giardia lamblia
286. A mitochondrial-like chaperonin 60 gene in Giardia lamblia: Evidence that diplomonads once harbored an endosymbiont related to the progenitor of mitochondria
287. Primary structure and phylogenetic relationships of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes of free-living and parasitic diplomonad flagellates
288. Primary structure of a putative adenylate kinase gene of Giardia lamblia
289. Primary sequence of a putative pyrophosphate-linked phosphofructokinase gene of Giardia lamblia
290. Changing the end: Antigenic variation orchestrated at the telomeres of African trypanosomes
291. Pulsed-field Gel electrophoresis as a method of biotyping of Giardia duodenalis
292. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acetylating) and the mechanism of ethanol formation in the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia
293. Acetyl-CoA synthetase from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia belongs to the newly recognized superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (nucleoside diphosphate-forming)
294. Sequence of a malic enzyme gene of Giardia lamblia
295. Cloning and sequencing of an acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) gene from the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia
296. A yeast nucleolar protein related to mammalian fibrillaris is associated with small nucleolar RNA and is essential for viability
297. The arginine dihydrolase pathway is present in Giardia intestinalis
298. Amino acid exchange activity of the alanine transporter of Giardia intestinalis
299. Glucose metabolism in Giardia intestinalis
300. The pathway of arginine catabolism in Giardia intestinalis
301. Production of viable Giardia cysts in vitro: Determination by fluorogenic dye staining, excystation, and animal infectivity in the mouse and Mongolian gerbil
302. Giardiavirus-resistant Giardia lamblia lacks a virus receptor on the cell membrane surface
303. Crystal structures of Giardia lamblia guanine phosphoribosyltransferase at 1.75 Å
304. A critique of the supposed rodent origin of human giardiasis
305. Episomal and integrated maintenance of foreign DNA in Giardia lamblia
306. Antigenic analysis of Giardia lamblia from Afghanistan, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, and Oregon
307. Chronic giardiasis: Studies on drug sensitivity, toxin production, and host immune response
308. Phylogenetic meaning of the kingdom concept: An unusual ribosomal RNA from Giardia lamblia
309. Identification of endoplasmic reticulum in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia using cryoelectron microscopy and antibody to Bip
310. Immunoelectron microscopy of Giardia lamblia cytoskeleton using antibody to acetylated alpha-tubulin
311. Cloning, expression and characterization of an unusual guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia
312. Purification and characterization of encystment-induced glucosamine 6-phosphate isomerase in Giardia
313. Uptake and cellular localization of exogenous lipids by Giardia lamblia, a primitive eukaryote
314. The type species of certain genera of parasitic flagellates, particularly Grassi's genera of 1879 and 1881
315. Long-branch attraction and the rDNA model of early eukaryotic evolution
316. Electrophoretic characterization of Giardia isolated from humans, cattle, sheep, and a dog in Switzerland
317. Role of exogenous inositol and phosphatidylinositol in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis of GP49 by Giardia lamblia
318. Stable DNA transfection of the primitive protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia
319. Identification and characterization of a ran gene promoter in the protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia
320. Differentiation-associated surface antigen variation in the ancient eukaryote Giardia lamblia
321. A signal recognition particle receptor gene from the early-diverging eukaryote, Giardia lamblia
322. Separation and characterization of two related giardiaviruses in the parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia
323. Giardiavirus enters Giardia lamblia WB trophozoite via endocytosis
324. A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: The population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas, and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences
325. Temperature-sensitive mutations demonstrate roles for yeast fibrillaris in pre-rRNA processing, pre-rRNA methylation, and ribosome assembly
326. A purified ferredoxin from Giardia duodenalis
327. Characterisation and purification of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Giardia duodenalis
328. Geographic variation in Giardia karyotypes
329. Chromosomal duplication in Giardia duodenalis
330. Telomeric organization of a variable and inducible toxin gene family in the ancient eukaryote Giardia duodenalis
331. The sequence of Giardia small subunit rRNA shows that voles and muskrats are parasitized by a unique species Giardia microti
332. Unique phylogenetic position of Diplomonadida based on the complete small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence of Giardia ardeae, G. muris, G. duodenalis and Hexamita sp.
333. A three nucleotide signature sequence in small subunit rRNA divides human Giardia in two different genotypes
334. Cloning of two putative Giardia lamblia glucosamine 6-phosphate isomerase genes only one of which is transcriptionally activated during encystment
335. Beta-D-Glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil is a conserved DNA modification in kinetoplastid protozoans and is abundant in their telomeres
336. The biosynthesis of uridine 5′-monophosphate in Giardia lamblia
337. Discovery of a specific double-stranded RNA virus in Giardia lamblia
338. Giardiavirus double-stranded RNA genome encodes a capsid polypeptide and a gagpol-like fusion protein by a translation frameshift
339. Purine salvage networks in Giardia lamblia
340. Salvage of pyrimidine nucleosides by Trichomonas vaginalis
341. Pyrimidine metabolism in Tritrichomonas foetus
342. Identification of developmentally regulated Giardia lamblia cyst antigens using GCSA-1, a cyst-specific monoclonal antibody
343. Identification and characterization of taglin, a mannose 6-phosphate binding, trypsin-activated lectin from Giardia lamblia
344. A primitive enzyme for a primitive cell: The protease required for excystation of Giardia
345. Polyglycylation of tubulin in the diplomonad Giardia lamblia, one of the oldest eukaryotes
346. Posttranslational modifications of alpha- and beta-tubulin in Giardia lamblia, an ancient eukaryote
347. Evidence for the evolution of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic exchange
348. Purification and substrate specificity of two cysteine proteinases of Giardia lamblia
349. RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with the double-stranded RNA virus of Giardia lamblia
350. Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms
351. Giardia lamblia: Autoradiographic analysis of nuclear replication
352. Purification and characterization of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the anaerobic protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis
353. Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya
354. Core histones of the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia
355. A group of Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) genes with nearly identical 5′ regions
356. Allele - Specific expression of a variant-specific surface protein (VSP) of Giardia lamblia
357. Analysis of a repeat-containing family of Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein genes: Diversity through gene duplication and divergence
358. Giardia lamblia trophozoites contain multiple alleles of a variant-specific surface protein gene with 105-base pair tandem repeats
359. Isolation and characterization of a NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene from the primitive eucaryote Giardia lamblia
360. Transcriptional analysis of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene in the primitive eukaryote, Giardia lamblia. Identification of a primordial gene promoter
361. Transient transfection and expression of firefly luciferase in Giardia lamblia
362. Maturation of giardiavirus capsid protein involves posttranslational proteolytic processing by a cysteine protease
363. Protein synthesis in Giardia lamblia may involve interaction between a downstream box (DB) in mRNA and an anti-DB in the 16S-like ribosomal RNA
364. Amplification, expression, and packaging of a foreign gene by giardiavirus in Giardia lamblia
365. Virus-mediated expression of firefly luciferase in the parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia