Chapter 4 Semiconductor Nonlinearities for Solid-State Laser Modelocking and Q-Switching

Semiconductors and Semimetals

Volumn 59, Issue C, 1998, Pages 211-286

  Keller, Ursula ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

Q SWITCHING;

SOLID STATE LASERS;

EID: 0344871266     PISSN: 00808784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0080-8784(08)62733-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (200)

1. Afromowitz M.A. "Refractive Index of Ga(1-x)Al(x)As,". Solid-State Commun. 15 (1974) 59-63
2. Agrawal G.P., and Olsson N.A. "Self-Phase Modulation and spectral Broadening of Optical Pulses in Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25 (1989) 2297-2306
3. Asaki M.T., Huang C.-P., Garvey D., Zhou J., Kapteyn H.C., and Murnane M.N. "Generation of 11-fs Pulses from a Self-Mode-Locked Ti: Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 977-979
4. AusderAu J., Kopf D., Morier-Genoud F., Moser M., and Keller U. "60-fs Pulses from a Diode-Pumped Nd:Glass Laser,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 307-309
5. Aus der Au J., Loesel F.H., Morier-Genoud F., Moser M., and Keller U. "Femtosecond Diode-Pumped Nd:Glass Laser with More Than 1-W Average Output Power,". Opt. Lett. 23 (1998) 271-273
6. Barnett B.C., Rahman L., Islam M.N., Chen Y.C., Bhattacharya P., Riha W., Reddy K.V., Howe A.T., Stair K.A., Iwamura H., Friberg S.R., and Mukai T. "High-Power Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Mode-Locked by a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 471-473
7. Blow K.J., and Nelson B.P. "Improved Modelocking of an F-Center Laser with a Nonlinear Nonsoliton External Cavity,". Opt. Lett. 13 (1988) 1026-1028
8. Brabec T., spielmann C., and Krausz F. "Mode Locking in Solitary Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 1961-1963
9. Brabec T., spielmann C., and Krausz F. "Limits of Pulse Shortening in Solitary Lasers.". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 748-750
10. Braun B., Hönninger C., Zhang G., Keller U., Heine F., Kellner T., and Huber G. "Efficient Intracavity Frequency Doubling of a Passively Modelocked Diode-Pumped Nd:LSB Laser,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 1567-1569
11. Braun B., Kärtner F.X., Moser M., Zhang G., and Keller U. "56 ps Passively Q-Switched Diode-Pumped Microchip Laser,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 381-383
12. Braun B., and Keller U. "Single Frequency Q-Switched Ring Laser with an Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1020-1022
13. Brovelli L.R., Jung I.D., Kopf D., Kamp M., Moser M., Kärtner F.X., and Keller U. "Self-Starting Soliton Modelocked Ti:Sapphire Laser Using a Thin Semiconductor Saturable Absorber,". Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 287-289
14. Brovelli L.R., and Keller U. "Simple Analytical Expressions for the Reflectivity and the Penetration Depth of a Bragg Mirror Between Arbitrary Media,". Opt. Commun. 116 (1995) 343-350
15. Brovelli L.R., Keller U., and Chiu T.H. "Design and Operation of Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Semiconductor Absorbers for Mode-Locked Solid-State Lasers,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12 (1995) 311-322
16. Brovelli L.R., Lanker M., Keller U., Goossen K.W., Walker J.A., and Cunningham J.E. "An Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Quantum Well Modulator to Actively Mode-Lock and Synchronize Solid-State Lasers,". Electron. Lett. 31 (1995) 381-382
17. Cerullo G., De Silvestri S., and Magni V. "Self-Starting Kerr Lens Mode-Locking of a Ti-Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 1040-1042
18. Cerullo G., De Silvestri S., Magni V., and Pallaro L. "Resonators for Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Femtosecond Ti-Sapphire Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 807-809
19. Cerullo G., Dienes A., and Magni V. "space-Time Coupling and Collapse Threshold for Femtosecond Pulses in Dispersive Nonlinear Media,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 65-67
20. Christov I.P., Kapteyn H.C., Murnane M.M., Huang C.P., and Zhou J. "space-Time Focusing of Femtosecond Pulses in a Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 309-311
21. 4+:YAG Laser,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 1098-1100
22. 4 Laser,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 1171-1173
23. Cundiff S.T., Knox W.H., Ippen E.P., and Haus H.A. "Frequency Dependent Mode Size in Broadband Kerr-Lens Mode Locking,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 662-664
24. Curley P.F., spielmann C., Brabec T., Krausz F., Wintner E., and Schmidt A.J. "Operation of a Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Solitary Laser in the Vicinity of Zero Group-Delay Dispersion,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 54-56
25. Delfyett P.J., Florez L.T., Stoffel N., Gmitter T., Andreadakis N.C., Silberberg Y., Heritage J.P., and Alphonse G.A. "High-Power Ultrafast Laser Diodes,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2203-2219
26. DeLoach L.D., Payne S.A., Chase L.L., Smith L.K., Kway W.L., and Krupke W.F. "Evaluation of Absorption and Emission Properties of Yb Doped Crystals for Laser Applications,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29 (1993) 1179-1191
27. DeMaria A.J., Stetser D.A., and Heynau H. "Self Mode-Locking of Lasers with Saturable Absorbers,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 8 (1966) 174-176
28. de Souza E.A., Soccolich C.E., Pleibel W., Stolen R.H., Simpson J.R., and DiGiovanni D.J. "Saturable Absorber Modelocked Polarization Maintaining Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser,". Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 447-449
29. Diels J.-C. "Femtosecond Dye Lasers.". In: Duarte F., and Hillman L. (Eds). Dye Lasers Principles: With Applications (1990), Academic Press, Boston 41-132
30. Dymott M.J.P., and Ferguson A.I. "Self-Mode-Locked Diode-Pumped Cr:LiSAF Laser Producing 34-fs Pulses at 42-mW Average Power,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1157-1159
31. Dymott M.J.P., and Ferguson A.I. "Pulse Duration Limitations in a Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Kerr-Lens Modelocked Cr:LiSAF Laser,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 227-234
32. Fan T.Y., and Sanchez A. "Pump Source Requirements for End-Pumped Laser,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26 (1990) 311-316
33. Fermann M.E., Galvanauskas A., Sucha G., and Harter D. "Fiber-Lasers for Ultrafast Optics,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 259-275
34. 4 Microchip Lasers using Semiconductor Saturable-Absorber Mirrors,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 991-993
35. Fluck R., Häring R., Paschotta R., Gini E., Melchior H., and Keller U. "Eyesafe Pulsed Microchip Laser Using Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 (1998) 3273-3275
36. Fluck R., Jung I.D., Zhang G., Kärtner F.X., and Keller U. "Broadband Saturable Absorber for 10 fs Pulse Generation,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 743-745
37. 4 and Nd:YLF Lasers Using Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 1378-1380
38. Fork R.L., Cruz C.H.B., Becker P.C., and Shank C.V. "Compression of Optical Pulses to Six Femtoseconds by Using Cubic Phase Compensation,". Opt. Lett. 12 (1987) 483-485
39. Fork R.L., Greene B.I., and Shank C.V. "Generation of Optical Pulses Shorter Than 0.1 ps by Colliding Pulse Modelocking,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 38 (1981) 617-619
40. Fork R.L., Martinez O.E., and Gordon J.P. "Negative Dispersion Using Pairs of Prisms,". Opt. Lett. 9 (1984) 150-152
41. Fox A.M., Miller D.A.B., Livescu G., Cunningham J.E., Henry J.E., and Jan W.Y. "Exciton Saturation in Electrically Biased Quantum Wells,". J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 (1990) 2315
42. French P.M.W., Mellish R., Taylor J.R., Delfyett P.J., and Florez L.T. "All-Solid-State Diode-Pumped Modelocked Cr:LiSAF Laser,". Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 1262-1263
43. French P.M.W., Williams J.A.R., and Taylor J.R. "Femtosecond Pulse Generation from a Titanium Doped Sapphire Laser Using Nonlinear External Cavity Feedback,". Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 686-688
44. 2 Laser Using P-Type Germanium,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 24 (1974) 306-307
45. Goodberlet J., Wang J., Fujimoto J.G., and Schulz P.A. "Femtosecond Passively Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser with a Nonlinear External Cavity,". Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 1125-1127
46. Gupta S., Whitaker J.F., and Mourou G.A. "Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in III-V Semiconductors Grown by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy at Very Low Substrate Temperatures,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2464-2472
47. A. Prasad, Haiml. M., I.D. Jung, J. Kunde, Morier-Genoud. F., E.R. Weber, U. Siegner and Keller. U., (1998). "Ultrafast Response Times and Enhanced Optical Nonlinearity in Beryllium Doped Low-Temperature Grown," International Conference on Lasers and Electrooptics (CLEO'98), San Francisco, California, May 3-8, paper CFJ2.
48. M. Haiml, A. Prasad, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, U. Keller and E.R. Weber, (1998b). "Ultrafast Response Times and Enhanced Optical Nonlinearity in Annealed and Beryllium Doped Low-Temperature Grown GaAs," 10th Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC-X 1998), June 1-5, Berkeley, CA, paper Tu2.2.
49. Haus H.A. "A Theory of Forced Mode Locking,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11 (1975) 323-330
50. Haus H.A. "Theory of Modelocking with a Fast Saturable Absorber,". J. Appl. Phys. 46 (1975) 3049-3058
51. Haus H.A. "Theory of Mode Locking with a Slow Saturable Absorber,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 11 (1975) 736-746
52. Haus H.A. "Parameter Ranges for CW Passive Modelocking,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 12 (1976) 169-176
53. Haus H.A., Fujimoto J.G., and Ippen E.P. "Analytic Theory of Additive Pulse and Kerr Lens Mode Locking,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2086-2096
54. Haus H.A., Fujimoto J.G., and Ippen E.P. "Structures for Additive Pulse Modelocking,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8 (1991) 2068-2076
55. Haus H.A., and Ippen E.P. "Self-Starting of Passively Mode-Locked Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 1331-1333
56. Haus H.A., Keller U., and Knox W.H. "A Theory of Coupled Cavity Modelocking with Resonant Nonlinearity,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8 (1991) 1252-1258
57. Haus H.A., and Silberberg Y. "Laser Mode Locking with Addition of Nonlinear Index,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22 (1986) 325-331
58. Hautojärvi P., Mäkinen J., Palko S., Saarinen K., Corbel C., and Liszkay L. "Point Defects in III-V Materials Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at Low Temperature,". Mat. Sci. Eng. B22 (1993) 16-22
59. Hönninger C., Morier-Genoud F., Moser M., Keller U., Brovelli L.R., and Harder C. "Efficient and Tunable Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Yb:Glass Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 23 (1998) 126-128
60. Hönninger C., Paschotta R., Morier-Genoud F., Moser M., and Keller U. "Q-Switching Stability Limits of CW Passive Modelocking,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15 (1998) in press.
61. Hönninger C., Zhang G., Keller U., and Giesen A. "Femtosecond Yb:YAG Laser Using Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 2402-2404
62. Huang C.-P., Asaki M.T., Backus S., Murnane M.M., Kapteyn H.C., and Nathel H. "17-fs Pulses from a Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 1289-1291
63. Huang C.-P., Kapteyn H.C., McIntosh J.W., and Murnane M.M. "Generation of Transform-Limited 32-fs Pulses from a Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 139-141
64. Ippen E.P., Eichenberger D.J., and Dixon R.W. "Picosecond Pulse Generation by Passive Modelocking of Diode Lasers,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 37 (1980) 267-269
65. Ippen E.P., Haus H.A., and Liu L.Y. "Additive Pulse Modelocking,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6 (1989) 1736-1745
66. Ippen E.P., Shank C.V., and Dienes A. "Passive Modelocking of the cw Dye Laser,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 21 (1972) 348-350
67. Islam M.N., Sunderman E.R., Soccolich C.E., Bar-Joseph I., Sauer N., Chang T.Y., and Miller B.I. "Color Center Lasers Passively Mode Locked by Quantum Wells,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25 (1989) 2454-2463
68. Jung I.D., Brovelli L.R., Kamp M., Keller U., and Moser M. "Scaling of the Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber Design Toward a Thin Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1559-1561
69. Jung I.D., Kärtner F.X., Brovelli L.R., Kamp M., and Keller U. "Experimental Verification of Soliton Modelocking Using Only a Slow Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1892-1894
70. Jung I.D., Kärtner F.X., Henkmann J., Zhang G., and Keller U. "High-Dynamic-Range Characterization of Ultrashort Pulses,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 307-310
71. Jung I.D., Kärtner F.X., Matuschek N., Sutter D.H., Morier-Genoud F., Shi Z., Scheuer V., Tilsch M., Tschudi T., and Keller U. "Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors Supporting Sub-10 fs Pulses,". Appl. Phys. B: special Issue on Ultrashort Pulse Generation 65 (1997) 137-150
72. Jung I.D., Kärtner F.X., Matuschek N., Sutter D.H., Morier-Genoud F., Zhang G., Keller U., Scheuer V., Tilsch M., and Tschudi T. "Self-Starting 6.5 fs Pulses from a Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 1009-1011
73. In: Kafka J.D., Alfrey A.J., and Baer T. (Eds). Ultrafast Phenomena VI. (1989), springer-Verlag, Berlin
74. Kaminska M., Liliental-Weber Z., Weber E.R., George T., Kortright J.B., Smith F.W., Tsaur B.-Y., and Calawa A.R. "Structural Properties of As-Rich GaAs Grown by Molecular Epitaxy at Low Temperatures,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 54 (1989) 1881-1883
75. Kaminska M., and Weber E.R. "EL2 Defect in GaAs.". In: Weber E.R. (Ed). Imperfections in III/V Materials 38 (1993), Academic Press, Boston 59-89
76. Kane T.J., and Byer R.L. "Monolithic, Unidirectional Single-Mode Nd:YAG Ring Laser,". Opt. Lett. 10 (1985) 65-67
77. Kärtner F.X., Aus der Au J., and Keller U. Fast Saturable Absorbers for Modelocking of Solid-State Lasers- What's the Difference?. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4 (1998) 159-168
78. Kärtner F.X., Brovelli L.R., Kopf D., Kamp M., Calasso I., and Keller U. "Control of Solid-State Laser Dynamics by Semiconducter Devices,". Opt. Eng. 34 (1995) 2024-2036
79. Kärtner F.X., Jung I.D., and Keller U. "Soliton Modelocking with Saturable Absorbers,". IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. special Issue on Ultrafast Electronics, Photonics and Optoelectronics 2 (1996) 540-556
80. Kärtner F.X., and Keller U. "Stabilization of Soliton-Like Pulses with a Slow Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 16-18
81. Kärtner F.X., Kopf D., and Keller U. "Solitary Pulse Stabilization and Shortening in Actively Mode-Locked Lasers,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12 (1995) 486-496
82. Kärtner F.X., Matuschek N., Schibli T., Keller U., Haus H.A., Heine C., Morf R., Scheuer V., Tilsch M., and Tschudi T. "Design and Fabrication of Double-Chirped Mirrors,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 831-833
83. Kasper A., and Witte K.J. "10-fs Pulse Generation from a Uni-Directional Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Ring Laser,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 360
84. Kaup D.J. "Perturbation Theory for Solitons in Optical Fibers,". Phys. Rev. A 42 (1990) 5689-5694
85. Kean P.N., Zhu X., Crust D.W., Grant R.S., Landford N., and Sibbett W. "Enhanced Modelocking of Color Center Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 39-41
86. Keller U. "Ultrafast All-Solid-State Laser Technology,". Appl. Phys. B 58 (1994) 347-363
87. Keller U., and Chiu T.H. "Resonant Passive Modelocked Nd:YLF Laser,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 1710-1721
88. Keller U., Chiu T.H., and Ferguson J.F. "Self-Starting Femtosecond Mode-Locked Nd:Glass Laser That Uses Intracavity Saturable Absorbers,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 1077-1079
89. Keller U., Knox W.H., and Roskos H. "Coupled-Cavity Resonant Passive Modelocked (RPM) Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 15 (1990) 1377-1379
90. Keller U., Knox W.H., and 'tHooft G.W. "Ultrafast Solid-State Modelocked Lasers Using Resonant Nonlinearities,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2123-2133
91. Keller U., Miller D.A.B., Boyd G.D., Chiu T.H., Ferguson J.F., and Asom M.T. "Solid-State Low-Loss Intracavity Saturable Absorber for Nd:YLF Lasers: An Antiresonant Semiconductor Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 505-507
92. Keller U., Nelson L.E., and Chiu T.H. "Diode-Pumped, High-Repetition Rate, Resonant Passive Modelocked Nd:YLF Laser.". In: Chase L., and Pinto A. (Eds). Advanced Solid-State Lasers 13 (1992), Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 94-97
93. Keller U., 'tHooft G.W., Knox W.H., and Cunningham J.E. "Femtosecond Pulses from a Continuously Self-Starting Passively Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 1022-1024
94. Keller U., Weingarten K.J., Kärtner F.X., Kopf D., Braun B., Jung I.D., Fluck R., Hönninger C., Matuschek N., and Aus der Au J. "Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirrors (SESAMs) for Femtosecond to Nanosecond Pulse Generation in Solid-State Lasers,". IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. special Issue on Ultrafast Electronics, Photonics and Optoelectronics 2 (1996) 435-453
95. Keller U., Woodward T.K., Sivco D.L., and Cho A.Y. "Coupled-Cavity Resonant Passive Modelocked Nd:Yttrium Lithium Fluoride Laser,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 390-392
96. 3 Laser at 930 nm,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15 (1998) 1663-1666
97. Kim B.G., Garmire E., Hummel S.G., and Dapkus P.D. "Nonlinear Bragg Reflector Based on Saturable Absorption,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 54 (1989) 1095-1097
98. Liu X., Prasad A., Nishio J., Weber E.R., Liliental-Weber Z., and Walukiewicz W. "Native Point Defects in Low-Temperature Grown GaAs,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (1995) 279
99. Kopf D., Aus der Au J., Keller U., Bona G.L., and Roentgen P. "A 400-mW Continuous-Wave Diode-Pumped Cr:LiSAF Laser Based on a Power-Scalable Concept,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1782-1784
100. Kopf D., Kärtner F., Weingarten K.J., and Keller U. "Pulse Shortening in a Nd:Glass Laser by Gain Reshaping and Soliton Formation,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 2146-2148
101. Kopf D., Kärtner F.X., Weingarten K.J., and Keller U. "Diode-Pumped Modelocked Nd:Glass Lasers Using an A-FPSA,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1169-1171
102. Kopf D., Keller U., Emanuel M.A., Beach R.J., and Skidmore J.A. "1.1-W cw Cr:LiSAF Laser Pumped by a 1-cm Diode-Array,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 99-101
103. Kopf D., Prasad A., Zhang G., Moser M., and Keller U. "Broadly Tunable Femtosecond Cr:LiSAF Laser,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 621-623
104. Kopf, D., Strässle, T., Zhang, G., Kärtner, F. X., Keller, U., Moser, M., Jubin, D., Weingarten, K. J., Beach, R. J., Emanuel, M. A., and Skidmore, J. A. (1996a). Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Solid State Lasers Based on Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers." In Generation, Amplification, and Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses III. Proc. spIE 2701, San Jose, CA, pp. 11-22.
105. Kopf D., Weingarten K.J., Brovelli L.R., Kamp M., and Keller U. "Diode-Pumped 100-fs Passively Mode-Locked Cr:LiSAF Laser Using an A-FPSA,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 2143-2145
106. Kopf, D., Weingarten, K. J., Brovelli, L. R., Kamp, M., and Keller, U. (1995c). "Sub-50-fs Diode-Pumped Mode-Locked Cr:LiSAF with an A-FPSA," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '95), paper CWM2.
107. Kopf D., Weingarten K.J., Zhang G., Moser M., Emanuel M.A., Beach R.J., Skidmore J.A., and Keller U. "High-Average-Power Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Cr:LiSAF Lasers,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 235-243
108. Kopf D., Zhang G., Fluck R., Moser M., and Keller U. "All-in-One Dispersion-Compensating Saturable Absorber Mirror for Compact Femtosecond Laser Sources,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 486-488
109. Krausz F., Brabec T., and spielmann C. "Self-Starting Passive Modelocking,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 235-237
110. Krausz F., Fermann M.E., Brabec T., Curley P.F., Hofer M., Ober M.H., spielmann C., Wintner E., and Schmidt A.J. "Femtosecond Solid-State Lasers,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2097-2122
111. Krausz F., spielmann C., Brabec T., Wintner E., and Schmidt A.J. "Generation of 33 fs Optical Pulses from a Solid-State Laser,". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 204-206
112. Lederer M.J., Luther-Davies B., Tan H.H., and Jagadish C. "GaAs Based Anti-Resonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber Fabricated by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy and Ion Implantation,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (1997) 3428-3430
113. Liu X., Prasad A., Chen W.M., Kurpiewski A., Stoschek A., Lilental-Weber Z., and Weber E.R. "Mechanism Responsible for the Semi-Insulating Properties of Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 (1994) 3002-3004
114. Loh W.H., Atkinson D., Morkel P.R., Hopkinson M., Rivers A., Seeds A.J., and Payne D.N. "Passively Modelocked Er Fiber Laser Using a Semiconductor Nonlinear Mirror,". IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 5 (1993) 35-37
115. Longhi S. "Theory of Transverse Modes in End-Pumped Microchip Lasers,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 (1994) 3042-3044
116. Look D.C. "Molecular Beam Epitaxial GaAs Grown at Low Temperatures,". Thin Solid Films 231 (1993) 61-73
117. Look D.C., Walters D.C., Mier M., Stutz C.E., and Brierley S.K. "Native Donors and Acceptors in Molecular-Beam Epitaxial GaAs Grown at 200°C,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 (1992) 2900-2902
118. Luysberg M., Sohn H., Prasad A., specht P., Fujioka H., Klockenbrink R., and Weber E.R. "Electrical and Structural Properties of LT-GaAs: Influence of As/Ga Flux Ratio and Growth Temperature,". Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. 1997 (1997) 485 paper
119. Macleod H.A. Thin-Film Optical Filters. (1985), Adam Hilger, Bristol
120. Manasreh M.O., Look D.C., Evans K.R., and Stutz C.E. "Infrared Absorption of Deep Defects in Molecular-Beam-Epitaxial GaAs Layers Grown at 200°C: Observation of an EL2-like Defect,". Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) 10272-10275
121. Martinez O.E., Fork R.L., and Gordon J.P. "Theory of Passively Modelocked Lasers Including Self-Phase Modulation and Group-Velocity Dispersion,". Opt. Lett. 9 (1984) 156-158
122. Matuschek N., Kärtner F.X., and Keller U. "Exact Coupled-Mode Theories for Multilayer Interference Coatings with Arbitrary Strong Index Modulations,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33 (1997) 295-302
123. Matuschek N., Kärtner F.X., and Keller U. "Theory of Double-Chirped Mirrors,". IEEE. J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4 (1998) 159-168
124. Mellish R., French P.M.W., Taylor J.R., Delfyett P.J., and Florez L.T. "Self-Starting Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Laser with Intracavity Multiquantum Well Absorber,". Electron. Lett. 29 (1993) 894-896
125. Mellish P.M., French P.M.W., Taylor J.R., Delfyett P.J., and Florez L.T. "All-Solid-State Femtosecond Diode-Pumped Cr:LiSAF Laser,". Electron. Lett. 30 (1994) 223-224
126. Melloch M.R., Woodall J.M., Harmon E.S., Otsuka N., Pollak F.H., Nolte D.D., Freenstra R.M., and Lutz M.A. "Low-Temperature Grown III-V Materials,". Annu. Rev. Mat. Sci. 25 (1995) 547-600
127. Miller D.A.B., Chemla D.S., Damen T.C., Gossard A.C., Wiegmann W., Wood T.H., and Burrus C.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 (1984) 2173
128. Miller D.A.B., Chemla D.S., Damen T.C., Gossard A.C., Wiegmann W., Wood T.H., and Burrus C.A. "Electric Field Dependence of Optical Absorption Near the Band Gap of Quantum Well Structures,". Phys. Rev. B 32 (1985) 1043-1060
129. Miller D.A.B., Weiner J.S., and Chemla D.S. "Electric Field Dependence of Linear Optical Properties in Quantum Well Structures: Waveguide Electroabsorption and Sum Rules,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22 (1986) 1816-1830
130. Mocker H.W., and Collins R.J. "Mode Competition and Self-Locking Effects in a Q-Switched Ruby Laser,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 7 (1965) 270-273
131. Mollenauer L.F., and Stolen R.H. "The Soliton Laser,". Opt. Lett. 9 (1984) 13-15
132. 3,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3 (1986) 125-132
133. Negus D.K., spinelli L., Goldblatt N., and Feugnet G. "Sub-100 Femtosecond Pulse Generation by Kerr Lens Modelocking in Ti:Sapphire.". In: Dubé G., and Chase L. (Eds). Advanced Solid-State Lasers 10 (1991), Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 120-124
134. Nelson L.E., Jones D.J., Tamura K., Haus H.A., and Ippen E.P. "Ultrashort-Pulse Fiber Ring Lasers,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 277-294
135. New G.H.C. Opt. Commun. 6 (1974) 188
136. Ober M.H., Hofer M., Keller U., and Chiu T.H. "Self-Starting, Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Nd:Fiber Laser,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 1532-1534
137. Payne S.A., Chase L.L., Newkirk H.W., Smith L.K., and Krupke W.F. "Cr:LiCAF: A Promising New Solid-State Laser Material,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24 (1988) 2243-2252
138. 3+,". J. Appl. Phys. 66 (1989) 1051-1056
139. Petricevic V., Gayen S.K., and Alfano R.R. "Laser Action in Chromium-Doped Forsterite,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 52 (1988) 1040-1042
140. Piché M., and Salin F. "Self-Mode Locking of Solid-State Lasers Without Apertures,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 1041-1043
141. Prasad, A., Haiml, M., Jung, I. D., Kunde, J., Morier-Genoud, F., Weber, E. R., Siegner, U., and Keller, U. (1998). "Ultrafast Response Times and Enhanced Optical Nonlinearity in Beryllium Doped Low-Temperature Grown GaAs," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '98), paper accepted for oral presentation.
142. Ruddock I.S., and Bradley D.J. "Bandwidth-Limited Subpicosecond Pulse Generation in Modelocked cw Dye Lasers,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 29 (1976) 296-297
143. Siegman A.E. Lasers. (1986), University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA.
144. Salin F., Grangier P., Roger G., and Brun A. "Observation of High-Order Solitons Directly Produced by a Femtosecond Ring Laser,". Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 (1986) 1132-1135
145. Salin F., Grangier P., Roger G., and Brun A. "Experimental Observation of Nonsymmetrical N = 2 Solitons in a Femtosecond Laser,". Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 (1988) 569-571
146. Salin F., and Squier J. "Gain Guiding in Solid-State Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 17 (1992) 1352-1354
147. Salin F., Squier J., and Piché M. "Modelocking of Ti:Sapphire Lasers and Self-Focusing: A Gaussian Approximation,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 1674-1676
148. Sanchez F., and Chardon A. "Transverse Modes in Microchip Lasers,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13 (1996) 2869-2871
149. Schmidt W., and Schäfer F.P. "Self-Mode-Locking of Dye-Lasers with Saturable Absorbers,". Phys. Lett. 26A (1968) 558-559
150. Shah J. Ultrafast spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures. (1996), springer Verlag, Berlin
151. Shank C.V. "Generation of Ultrashort Optical Pulses.". In: Kaiser W. (Ed). Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Applications 2 (1988), springer Verlag, Heidelberg
152. Shank C.V., and Ippen E.P. "Subpicosecond Kilowatt Pulses from a Modelocked cw Dye Laser,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 24 (1974) 373-375
153. Sharp R.C., spock D.E., Pan N., and Elliot J. "190-fs Passively Modelocked Thulium Fiber Laser with a Low Threshold,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 881-883
154. Shestakov A.V., Borodin N.I., Zhitnyuk V.A., Ohrimtchyuk A.G., and Gapontsev V.P. Soviet Quantum Electron. 50 (1988) 113
155. Siegman A.E. Lasers. (1986), University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA.
156. Siegner U., Fluck R., Zhang G., and Keller U. "Ultrafast High-Intensity Nonlinear Absorption Dynamics in Low-Temperature Grown Gallium Arsenide,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 2566-2568
157. Silberberg Y., Smith P.W., Eilenberger D.J., Miller D.A.B., Gossard A.C., and Wiegmann W. "Passive Modelocking of a Semiconductor Diode Laser,". Opt. Lett. 9 (1984) 507-509
158. Sizer II T., Woodward T.K., Keller U., Sauer K., Chiu T.-H., Sivco D.L., and Cho A.Y. "Measurement of Carrier Escape Rates, Exciton Saturation Intensity, and Saturation Density in Electrically Based Multiple-Quantum-Well Modulators,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30 (1994) 399-407
159. Skidmore J.A., Emanuel M.A., Beach R.J., Benett W.J., Freitas B.L., Carlson N.W., and Solarz R.W. "High-Power Continuous Wave 690 nm AlGaInP Laser-Diode Arrays,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 1163-1165
160. Smith P.W. "Mode-Locking of Lasers,". Proc. IEEE 58 (1970) 1342-1357
161. Smith F.W., Calawa A.R., Chen C.-L., Manfra M.J., and Mahoney L.J. IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 9 (1988) 77
162. 6,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28 (1992) 2612-2618
163. Smith P.W., Silberberg Y., and Miller D.A.B. "Modelocking of Semiconductor Diode Lasers Using Saturable Excitonic Nonlinearities,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 (1985) 1228-1236
164. Soffer B.H., and Linn J.W. "Continuously Tunable Picosecond-Pulse Organic-Dye Laser,". J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 5859-5860
165. spälter S., Böhm M., Burk M., Mikulla B., Fluck R., Jung I.D., Zhang G., Keller U., Sizmann A., and Leuchs G. "Self-Starting Soliton Modelocked Femtosecond Cr(4+):YAG Laser Using an Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 335-338
166. spence D.E., Kean P.N., and Sibbett W. "60-fsec Pulse Generation from a Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 16 (1991) 42-44
167. spielmann C., Curley P.F., Brabec T., and Krausz F. "Ultrabroadband Femtosecond Lasers.". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30 (1994) 1100-1114
168. spühler G.J., Paschotta R., Fluck R., Braun B., Moses M., Zhang G., Gini E., and Keller U. "Experimentally Confirmed Design Guidelines for Passively Q-Switched Microchip Lasers Using Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers,". J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15 (1998) in press.
169. Stingl A., Lenzner M., spielmann C., Krausz F., and Szipöcs R. "Sub-10-fs Mirror-Dispersion-Controlled Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 602-604
170. Stingl A., spielmann C., and Krausz F. "Generation of 11-fs Pulses from a Ti:Sapphire Laser without the Use of Prisms,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 204-206
171. Sutter D.H., Jung I.D., Kärtner F.X., Matuschek N., Morier-Genoud F., Scheuer V., Tilsch M., Tschudi T., and Keller U. "Self-Starting 6.5 fs Pulses from a Ti:Sapphire Laser Using a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber and Double-Chirped Mirrors,". IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4 (1998) 169-178
172. Sutter, D. H., Jung, I. D., Morier-Genoud, F., Kärtner, F. X., and Keller, U. (1998b). "300 nm Tunability of 30-fs Ti:Sapphire Laser Pulses with a Single Set of Double-Chirped Mirrors," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '98), paper accepted for oral presentation.
173. Szipöcs R., Ferencz K., spielmann C., and Krausz F. "Chirped Multilayer Coatings for Broadband Dispersion Control in Femtosecond Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 201-203
174. Szipöcs R., and Kohazi-Kis A. "Theory and Design of Chirped Dielectric Laser Mirrors,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 115-136
175. Talwar D.N., Manasresh M.O., Stutz C.E., Kaspi R., and Evans K.R. "Infrared Studies of Be-Doped GaAs Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at Low Temperatures,". J. Electron. Mat. 22 (1993) 1445-1448
176. Tamura K., Jacobson J., Ippen E.P., Haus H.A., and Fujimoto J.G. "Unidirectional Ring Resonators for Self-Starting Passively Modelocked Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 220-222
177. Tsou Y., Garmire E., Chen W., Birnbaum M., and Asthana R. "Passive Q-Switching of Nd:YAG Lasers by Use of Bulk Semiconductors,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 1514-1516
178. Tsuda S., Knox W.H., and Cundiff S.T. "High Efficiency Diode Pumping of a Saturable Bragg Reflector-Mode-Locked Cr:LiSAF Femtosecond Laser,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 1538-1540
179. Tsuda S., Knox W.H., Cundiff S.T., Jan W.Y., and Cunningham J.E. "Mode-Locking Ultrafast Solid-State Lasers with Saturable Bragg Reflectors,". IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2 (1996) 454-464
180. Tsuda, S., Knox, W. H., de Souza, E. A., Jan, W. Y., and Cunningham, J. E. (1995a). "Femtosecond Self-Starting Passive Mode Locking Using an AlAs/AlGaAs Intracavity Saturable Bragg Reflector," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '95'), paper CWM6, pp. 254-255.
181. Tsuda S., Knox W.H., de Souza E.A., Jan W.Y., and Cunningham J.E. "Low-Loss Intracavity AlAs/AlGaAs Saturable Bragg Reflector for Femtosecond Mode Locking in Solid-State Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 1406-1408
182. Valdmanis J.A., and Fork R.L. "Design Considerations for a Femtosecond Pulse Laser Balancing Self Phase Modulation, Group Velocity Dispersion, Saturable Absorption, and Saturable Gain,". IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22 (1986) 112-118
183. Valdmanis J.A., Fork R.L., and Gordon J.P. "Generation of Optical Pulses as Short as 27 fs Directly from a Laser Balancing Self-Phase Modulation, Group-Velocity Dispersion, Saturable Absorption, and Saturable Gain,". Opt. Lett. 10 (1985) 131-133
184. van der Ziel J.P., Tsang W.T., Logan R.A., Mikulyak R.M., and Augustyniak W.M. "Subpicosecond Pulses from Passively Modelocked GaAs Buried Optical Guide Semiconductor Lasers,". Appl. Phys. Lett. 39 (1981) 525-527
185. Wang H.S., Wa P.L.K., Lefaucheur J.L., Chai B.H.T., and Miller A. "CW and Self-Mode-Locked Performance of a Red Pumped Cr:LiSCAF Laser,". Opt. Commun. 110 (1994) 679-688
186. Wang P., Zhou S.-H., Lee K.K., and Chen Y.C. "Picosecond Laser Pulse Generation in a Monolithic Self-Q-Switched Solid-State Laser,". Opt. Commun. 114 (1995) 439-441
187. Weingarten K.J., Braun B., and Keller U. "In-situ Small-Signal Gain of Solid-State Lasers Determined from Relaxation Oscillation Frequency Measurements,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 1140-1142
188. Weingarten K.J., Keller U., Chiu T.H., and Ferguson J.F. "Passively Mode-Locked Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers Using an Antiresonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorber,". Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 640-642
189. Whitaker J.F. "Optoelectronic Applications of LTMBE III-V Materials,". Mat. Sci. Eng. B22 (1993) 61-67
190. Witt G.D. "LTMBE GaAs: Present Status and Perspectives,". Mat. Sci. Eng. B22 (1993) 9
191. Xu L., spielmann C., Krausz F., and Szipöcs R. "Ultrabroadband Ring Oscillator for Sub-10-fs Pulse Generation,". Opt. Lett. 21 (1996) 1259-1261
192. Xu L., Tempea G., Poppe A., Lenzner M., Spielmann C., Krausz F., Stingl A., and Ferencz K. "High-Power Sub-10-fs Ti:Sapphire Oscillators,". Appl. Phys. B 65 (1997) 151-159
193. Yin L.W., Huang Y., Lee J.H., Kolbas R.M., Trew R.J., and Mishra U.K. "Improved Breakdown Voltage in GaAs MESFET's Utilizing Surface Layers of GaAs Grown at Low Temperature by MBE,". IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 11 (1990) 561-563
194. Zayhowski J.J., and Dill III C. "Diode-Pumped Passively Q-Switched Picosecond Microchip Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 1427-1429
195. 4 Microchip Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 20 (1995) 716-718
196. Zayhowski J.J., and Mooradian A. "Single-Frequency Microchip Nd Lasers,". Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 24-26
197. Zayhowski, J. J., Ochoa, J., and Dill, C. III. (1995b). "UV Generation with Passively Q-Switched Picosecond Microchip Lasers," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '95). paper CTuM2, p. 139.
198. Zhang Z., Torizuka K., Itatani T., Kobayashi K., Sugaya T., and Nakagawa T. "Self-Starting Mode-Locked Femtosecond Forsterite Laser with a Semiconductor Saturable-Absorber Mirror,". Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 1006-1008
199. Zhou J., Taft G., Huang C.-P., Murnane M.M., Kapteyn H.C., and Christov I.P. "Pulse Evolution in a Broad-Bandwidth Ti:Sapphire Laser,". Opt. Lett. 19 (1994) 1149-1151
200. Zirngibl M., Stulz L.W., Stone J., Hugi J., DiGiovanni D., and Hansen P.B. "1.2 ps Pulses from Passively Modelocked Laser Diode Pumped Er-Doped Fiber Ring Lasers,". Electron. Lett. 27 (1991) 1734-1735