Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAM's) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 435-451

  Keller, Ursula ^a,b   Weingarten, Kurt J ^a,b   Kärtner, Franz X ^a   Kopf, Daniel ^a   Braun, Bernd ^a   Jung, Isabella D ^a   Fluck, Regula ^a   Hönninger, Clemens ^a   Matuschek, Nicolai ^a   Aus Der Au, Juerg ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b IEEE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIODE PUMPING; KERR LENS MODE LOCKING; SEMICONDUCTOR SATURABLE ABSORBER MIRRORS (SESAM'S);

LASER MODE LOCKING; LIGHT PULSE GENERATORS; PUMPING (LASER); Q SWITCHED LASERS; ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA;

MIRRORS;

EID: 0030230847     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/2944.571743     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. H. W. Mocker and R. J. Collins, "Mode competition and self-locking effects in a Q-switched ruby laser," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 270-273, 1965.
2. A. J. DeMaria, D. A. Stetser, and H. Heynau, "Self mode-locking of lasers with saturable absorbers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 174-176, 1966.
3. P. W. Smith, "Mode-locking of lasers," Proc. IEEE, vol. 58, pp. 1342-1357, 1970.
4. H. A. Haus, "Parameter ranges for CW passive modelocking," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-12, pp. 169-176, 1976.
5. U. Keller, D. A. B. Miller, G. D. Boyd, T. H. Chiu, J. F. Ferguson, and M. T. Asom, "Solid-state low-loss intracavity saturable absorber for Nd:YLF lasers: An antiresonant semiconductor Fabry-Perot saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 505-507, 1992.
6. U. Keller, T. H. Chiu, and J. F. Ferguson, "Self-starting femtosecond mode-locked Nd:glass laser using intracavity saturable absorbers," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1077-1079, 1993.
7. U. Keller, "Ultrafast all-solid-state laser technology," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 58, pp. 347-363, 1994.
8. L. R. Brovelii, U. Keller, and T. H. Chiu, "Design and operation of antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable semiconductor absorbers for mode-locked solid-state lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 12, pp. 311-322, 1995.
9. F. X. Kärtner, L. R. Brovelli, D. Kopf, M. Kamp, I. Calasso. and U. Keller, "Control of solid-state laser dynamics by semiconductor devices," Opt. Eng., vol. 34, pp. 2024-2036, 1995.
10. T. B. Norris, W. Sha, W. J. Schaff, X. J. Song. Z. Liliental-Weber, and E. R. Weber, "Transient absorption of low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy grown GaAs" in Picosecond Electronics anil Optoelectronics. T. C. L. Sollner and J. Shah, Eds. Washington, DC: Opt. Soc. Amer., 1991, vol. 9, pp. 244-247.
11. U. Siegner, R. Fluck, G. Zhang, and U. Keller, "Ultrafast high-intensity nonlinear absorption dynamics in low-temperature grown gallium arsenide," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 69, pp. 2566-2568, 1996.
12. E. P. Ippen, D. J. Eichenberger, and R. W. Dixon, "Picosecond pulse generation by passive modelocking of diode lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett.. vol. 37, pp. 267-269, 1980.
13. J. P. v. d. Ziel, W. T. Tsang, R. A. Logan, R. M. Mikulyak, and W. M. Augustyniak, "Subpicosecond pulses from a passively modelocked GaAs buried optical guide semiconductor lasers," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 525-527, 1981.
14. Y. Silberberg, P. W. Smith, D. J. Eilenberger, D. A. B. Miller, A. C. Gossard, and W. Wiegmann, "Passive modelocking of a semiconductor diode laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 507-509, 1984.
15. M. N. Islam, E. R. Sunderman, C. E. Soccolich, I. Bar-Joseph, N. Sauer, T. Y. Chang, and B. I. Miller, "Color center lasers passively mode locked by quantum wells," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 25, pp. 2454-2463, 1989.
16. U. Keller, W. H. Knox, and H. Roskos, "Coupled-cavity resonant passive modelocked (RPM) Ti:Sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1377-1379, 1990.
17. U. Keller, T. K. Woodward, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho, "Coupledcavity resonant passive modelocked Nd:Yttrium lithium fluoride laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 390-392, 1991.
18. H. A. Haus, U. Keller, and W. H. Knox, "A theory of coupled cavity modelocking with resonant nonlinearity," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 8, pp. 1252-1258, 1991.
19. U. Keller, G. W. 'tHooft, W. H. Knox, and J. E. Cunningham, "Femtosecond pulses from a continuously self-starting passively mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1022-1024, 1991.
20. U. Keller and T. H. Chiu, "Resonant passive modelocked Nd:YLF laser," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, pp. 1710-1721, 1992.
21. U. Keller, W. H. Knox, and G. W. 'tHooft, Invited Paper, "Ultrafast solid-state modelocked lasers using resonant nonlinearities," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, pp. 2123-2133, 1992.
22. L. F. Mollenauer and R. H. Stolen, "The soliton laser,"Opt. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 13-15, 1984.
23. K. J. Blow and B. P. Nelson, "Improved modelocking of an F-center laser with a nonlinear nonsoliton external cavity" Opt. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 1026-1028, 1988.
24. P. N. Kean, X. Zhu, D. W. Crust, R. S. Grant, N. Landford, and W. Sibbett, "Enhanced modelocking of color center lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 39-41, 1989.
25. E. P. Ippen, H. A. Haus, and L. Y. Liu, "Additive pulse modelocking,"J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 6, pp. 1736-1745, 1989.
26. D. E. Spence, P. N. Kean, and W. Sibbett, "60-fsec pulse generation from a self-mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp, 42-44, 1991.
27. G. H. C. New, Opt. Commun., vol. 6, p. 188, 1974.
28. H. A. Haus, "Theory of mode locking with a slow saturable absorber," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 11, pp. 736-746, 1975.
29. _, "Theory of modelocking with a fast saturable absorber," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 46, pp. 3049-3058, 1975.
30. H. A. Haus, J. G. Fujimoto, and E. P. Ippen, "Structures for additive pulse modelocking," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 8. pp. 2068-2076, 1991.
31. F. X. Kärtner and U. Keller, "Stabilization of soliton-like pulses with a slow saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 16-18, 1995.
32. I. D. Jung, F. X. Kärtner, L. R. Brovelli, M. Kamp, and U. Keller, "Experimental verification of soliton modelocking using only a slow saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1892-1894, 1995.
33. F. X. Kärtner, I. D. Jung, and U. Keller, "Soliton modelocking with saturable absorbers: Theory and experiments," this issue, pp. 540-556.
34. J. A. Valdmanis and R. L. Fork, "Design considerations for a femtosecond pulse laser balancing self phase modulation, group velocity dispersion, saturable bbsorption, and saturable gain," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 22, pp. 112-118, 1986.
35. R. L. Fork, C. H. B. Cruz, P. C. Becker, and C. V. Shank, "Compression of optical pulses to six femtoseconds by using cubic phase compensation," Opt. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 483-485, 1987.
36. 3," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B. vol. 3, pp. 125-132, 1986.
37. D. K. Negus, L. Spinelli, N. Goldblatt, and G. Feugnet, "Sub-100 femtosecond pulse generation by Kerr lens modelocking in Ti:Sapphire," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers G. Dubé, L. Chase, Eds. Washington, DC: Opt. Soc. Amer., 1991, vol. 10, pp. 120-124.
38. F. Salin, J. Squier, and M. Piché, "Modelocking of Ti:Sapphire lasers and self-focusing: A Gaussian approximation," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1674-1676, 1991.
39. J. Zhou, G. Taft, C.-P. Huang, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and I. P. Christov, "Pulse evolution in a broad-bandwidth Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1149-1151, 1994.
40. A. Stingl, M. Lenzner, Ch. Spielmann, F. Krausz, and R. Szipöcs, "Sub-10-fs mirror-controlled Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 602-604, 1995.
41. L. Xu, C Spielmann, F. Krausz, and R. Szipöcs, "Ultrabroadband ring oscillator for sub-10-fs pulse generation," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1259-1261, 1996.
42. R. Szipöcs, K. Ferencz, C. Spielmann, and F. Krausz, "Chirped multi-layer coatings for broadband dispersion control in femtosecond lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 201-203, 1994.
43. F. X. Kärtner, N. Matuschek, T. Schibli, U. Keller, H. A. Haus, C. Heine, R. Morf, V. Scheuer, M. Tilsch, and T. Tschudi, "Design and fabrication of double-chirped mirrors," Opt. Lett., to be published.
44. I. D. Jung, F. X. Kartner, N. Matuschek, D. Sutter, F. Morier-Genoud, G. Zhang, U. Keller, V. Scheuer, M. Tilsch, and T. Tschudi, "Self-starting 6.5 fs from a KLM Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., submitted for publication.
45. A. Baltuska, Z. Wei, M. S. Pshenichnikov, and D. A. Wiersma, "Optical pulse compression to 5 fs at 1 MHz repetition rate," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 102-104, 1997.
46. M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, O. Svelto, R. Szipöcs, K. Ferencz, C. Spielmann, S. Sartania, and F. Krausz, Opt. Lett, vol. 22, to be published.
47. I. P. Christov, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, C. P. Huang, and J. Zhou, "Space-time focusing of femtosecond pulses in a Ti:sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 309-311, 1995.
48. S. T. Cundiff, W. H. Knox, E. P. Ippen, and H. A. Haus, "Frequency dependent mode size in broadband Kerr-lens mode locking," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 662-664, 1996.
49. G. Cerullo, S. De Silvestri, V. Magni, and L. Pallaro, "Resonators for Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 807-809, 1994.
50. G. Cerullo, S. De Silvestri, and V. Magni, "Self-starting Kerr lens mode-lockin of a Ti:Sapphire laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1040-1042, 1994.
51. F. X. Kärtner, D. Kopf, and U. Keller, "Solitary pulse stabilization and shortening in actively mode-locked lasers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 12, pp. 486-496, 1995.
52. D. Kopf, F. Kärtner, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, "Pulse shortening in a Nd:glass laser by gain reshaping and soliton formation," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 2146-2148, 1994.
53. D. J. Kaup, "Perturbation theory for solitons in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 42, pp. 5689-5694, 1990.
54. D. Kopf, F. X. Kärtner, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, "Diode-pumped modelocked Nd:glass lasers using an A-FPSA," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1169-1171, 1995.
55. I. D. Jung, F. X. Kärtner, G. Zhang, and U. Keller, "High-dynamic-range characterization of ultrashort pulses," Opt. Lett., submitted for publication.
56. R. Fluck, I. D. Jung, G. Zhang, F. X. Kärtner, and U. Keller, "Broadband saturable absorber for 10 fs pulse generation," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 743-745, 1996.
57. O. E. Martinez, R. L. Fork, and J. P. Gordon, Opt. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 156-158, 1984.
58. F. Salin, P. Grangier, G. Roger, and A. Brun, "Observation of high-order solitons directly produced by a femtosecond ring laser," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 56, pp. 1132-1135, 1986.
59. _, "Experimental observation of nonsymmetrical .Y = 2 solitons in a femtosecond laser," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 60, pp. 569-571, 1988.
60. H. Avramopoulos and G. H. C. New, "A numerical model for the study of phase effects in passive mode-locking," Opt. Commun., vol. 71, pp. 370-376, 1989.
61. T. Brabec, C. Spielmann, and F. Krausz, "Mode locking in solitary lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1961-1963, 1991.
62. _, "Limits of pulse shortening in solitary lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 748-750, 1992.
63. J. Aus der Au, D. Kopf, F. Morier-Genoud, M. Moser, and U. Keller, "60 fs pulses from a diode-pumped Nd:glass laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 307-309, 1997.
64. B. Braun and U. Keller, "Single frequency Q-switched ring laser with an antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1020-1022, 1995.
65. B. Braun, F. X. Kärtner, U. Keller, J.-P. Meyn, and G. Huber, "Passively Q-switched 180 ps Nd:LSB microchip laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 405-407, 1996.
66. B. Braun, F. X. Kärtner, M. Moser, G. Zhang, and U. Keller, "56 ps passively Q-switched diode-pumped microchip laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 381-383, 1997.
67. U. Keller, T. H. Chiu, and J. F. Ferguson, "Self-starting and self-Q-switching dynamics of a passively modelocked Nd:YLF and Nd:YAG laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 217-219, 1993.
68. M. Kaminska, Z. Liliental-Weber, E. R. Weber, T. George, J. B. Kortright, F. W. Smith, B.-Y. Tsaur, and A. R. Calawa, "Structural properties of As-rich GaAs grown by molecular epitaxy at low temperatures," Appl Phys. Lett., vol. 54, pp. 1881-1883, 1989.
69. S. Gupta, J. F. Whitaker, and G. A. Mourou, "Ultrafast carrier dynamics in III-V semiconductors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at very low substrate temperatures," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, pp. 2464-2472, 1992.
70. J. Shah, Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag, 1996.
71. D. Kopf, T. Strässle, G. Zhang, F. X. Kärtner, U. Keller, M. Moser, D. Jubin, K. J. Weingarten, R. J. Beach, M. A. Emanuel, and J. A. Skidmore, "Diode-pumped femtosecond solid state lasers based on semiconductor saturable absorbers," in Generation, Amplification, and Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses III, Proc. SPIE, vol. 2701, 1996, pp. 11-22.
72. D. Kopf, A. Prasad, G. Zhang, M. Moser, and U. Keller, "Broadly tunable femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser," Opt. Lett., to be published.
73. U. Keller, "Advances in all-solid-state ultrafast lasers," in Ultrafast Phenomena X, P. F. Barbara, J. G. Fujimoto, W. H. Knox, and W. Zinth, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1996, pp. 3-5.
74. L. R. Brovelli, I. D. Jung, D. Kopf, M. Kamp, M. Moser, F. X. Kärtner, and U. Keller, "Self-starting soliton modelocked Ti:sapphire laser using a thin semiconductor saturable absorber," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 287-289, 1995.
75. S. Tsuda, W. H. Knox, E. A. d. Souza, W. Y. Jan, and J. E. Cunningham, "Low-loss intracavity AlAs/AlGaAs saturable Bragg reflector for femtosecond mode locking in solid-state lasers,Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1406-1408, 1995.
76. I. D. Jung, L. R. Brovelli, M. Kamp, U. Keller, and M. Moser, "Scaling of the antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable absorber design toward a thin saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1559-1561, 1995.
77. C. Hönninger, G, Zhang, U. Keller, and A. Giesen, "Femtosecond Yb:YAG laser using semiconductor saturable absorbers," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 2402-2404, 1995.
78. D. Kopf, G. Zhang, R. Fluck, M. Moser, and U. Keller, "All-in-one dispersion-compensating saturable absorber mirror for compact femtosecond laser sources," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 486-488, 1996.
79. B. Braun, C. Hönninger, G. Zhang, U. Keller, F. Heine, T. Kellner, and G. Huber, "Efficient intracavity frequency doubling of a passively modelocked diode-pumped Nd:LSB laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1567-1569, 1996.
80. 4 and Nd: YLF lasers using semiconductor saturable absorbers," Opt. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1378, 1996.
81. D. Kopf, K. J. Weingarten, L. R. Brovelli, M. Kamp, and U. Keller, "Sub-50-fs diode-pumped mode-locked Cr:LiSAF with an A-FPSA," presented at the Conf. Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 1995, paper CWM2.
82. D. Kopf, G. Zhang, M. Moser, U. Keller, M. A. Emanuel, R. J. Beach, and J. A. Skidmore, "High-power femtosecond diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser," presented at the Advanced Solid-State Lasers Conference, Jan. 27-29, 1997, paper MF1; also in Opt. Lett., vol. 22, submitted for publication.
83. D. Kopf, G. Zhang, M. Moser, U. Keller, M. A. Emanuel, R. J. Beach, and J. A. Skidmore, "High-power femtosecond diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser," presented at the Advanced Solid-State Lasers Conference, Jan. 27-29, 1997, paper MF1; also in Opt. Lett., vol. 22, submitted for publication.
84. L. R. Brovelli and U. Keller, "Simple analytical expressions for the reflectivity and the penetration depth of a Bragg mirror between arbitrary media," Opt. Commun., vol. 116, pp. 343-350, 1995.
85. S. Tsuda, W. H. Knox, E. A. d. Souza, W. Y. Jan, and J. E. Cunningham, "Femtosecond self-starting passive modelocking using an AlAs/AlGaAs intracavity saturable Bragg reflector," in CLEO 1995, paper CWM6, p. 254.
86. B. G. Kim, E. Garmire, S. G. Hummel, and P. D. Dapkus, "Nonlinear Bragg reflector based on saturable absorption," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 54, pp. 1095-1097, 1989.
87. M. Ramaswamy-Paye and J. G. Fujimoto, "Compact dispersion-compensating geometry for Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1756-1758, 1994.
88. D. Kopf, G. J. Spühler, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, "Mode-locked laser cavities with a single prism for dispersion compensation," Appl. Opt., vol. 35, pp. 912-915, 1996.
89. R. L. Fork, O. E. Martinez, and J. P. Gordon, "Negative dispersion using pairs of prisms," Opt. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 150-152, 1984.
90. K. Ferencz and R. Szipöcs, "Recent developments of laser optical coatings in Hungary," Opt. Eng., vol. 32, pp. 2525-2538, 1993.
91. R. Szipöcs, A. Stingl, C. Spielmann, and F. Krausz, "Chirped dielectric mirrors for dispersion control in femtosecond laser systems," F. W. Wise, C. P. J. Bartys, Eds., in Generation, Amplification, and Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses II, Proc. SPIE Proc. 1995, vol. 2377, pp. 11-12.
92. F. Gires and P. Tournois, "Interferometer utilisable pour la compression d'impulsions lumineuses modulees en frequence," C. R, Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 258, pp. 6112-6115, 1964.
93. D. A. B. Miller, D. s. Chemla, T. C. Damen, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, T. H. Wood, and C. A. Burrus, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 53, L p. 2173, 1984.
94. _, "Electric field dependence of optical absorption near the band gap of quantum well structures," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 32, pp. 1043-1060, 1985.
95. D. A. B. Miller, J. S. Weiner, and D. S. Chemla, "Electric Field Dependence of Linear Optical Properties in Quantum Well Structures: Waveguide Electroabsorption and Sum Rules," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 22, pp. 1816-1830, 1986.
96. A. M. Fox, D. A. B. Miller, G. Livescu, J. E. Cunningham, J. E. Henry, and W. Y. Jan, "Exciton saturation in electrically biased quantum wells," J. Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, p. 2315, 1990.
97. T. Sizer, H, T. K. Woodward, U. Keller, K. Sauer, T.-H. Chiu, D. I L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho, "Measurement of carrier escape rates, exciton saturation intensity, and saturation density in electrically biased multiple-quantum-well modulators," IEEE J. Quantum Electron, vol. 30, pp. 399-407, 1994.
98. L. R. Brovelli, M. Lanker, U. Keller, K. W. Goossen, J. A. Walker, and J. E. Cunningham, "An antiresonant Fabry-Perot quantum well modulator to actively mode-lock and synchronize solid-state lasers," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 381-382, 1995.
99. 3+," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 66, pp. 1051-1056, 1989.
100. [99| S. A. Payne, L. . Chase, H. W. Newkirk, L. K. Smith, and W. F. Krupke, "Cr:CAF: A promising new solid-state laser material," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 24, pp. 2243-2252, 1988.
101. H. S. Wang, P. L. K. Wa, J. L. Lefaucheur, B. H. T. Chai, and A. Miller, "CW and self-mode-locking performance of a red pumped Cr.LiSCAF laser," Opt. Commun., vol. 110, pp. 679-688, 1994.
102. 3+:LiSrGaF6," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 28, pp. 2612-2618, 1992.
103. M. Stalder, M. Bass, and B. H. T. Chai, "Thermal quenching of fluorescence in chromium-doped fluoride laser crystals," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 9, pp. 2271-2273, 1992.
104. P. M. W. French, R. Mellish, J. R. Taylor, P. J. Delfyett, and L. T. Florez, "All-solid-state diode-pumped modelocked Cr:LiSAF laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 1262-1263, 1993.
105. P. M. W. French, R. Mellish, and J. R. Taylor, "Modelocked all-solid-state diode-pumped CnLiSAF laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1934-1936, 1993.
106. P. M. Mellish, P. M. W. French, J. R. Taylor, P. J. Delfyett, and L, T. Florez, "All-solid-state femtosecond diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 30, pp. 223-224, 1994.
107. D. Kopf, K. J. Weingarten, L. Brovelli, M. Kamp, and U. Keller, "Diode-pumped sub-100-fs passively mode-locked CrLiSAF using an A-FPSA," presented at CLEO 1994, paper CPD22.
108. _, "Diode-pumped 100-fs passively mode-locked Cr:LiSAF using an A-FPSA," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 2143-2145, 1994.
109. S. Tsuda, W. H. Knox, and S. T. Cundiff, "High efficiency diode pumping of a saturable Bragg reflector-mode-locked Cr:LiSAF femtosecond laser," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 69, pp. 1538-1540, 1996.
110. M. J. P. Dymott and A. I. Ferguson, "Self-mode-locked diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser producing 34-fs pulses at 42-mW average power," Opt. Lett., vol. 20. pp. 1157-1159, 1995.
111. R. Mellish, N. P. Barry, S. C. W. Hyde, R. Jones, P. M. W. French, J. R. Taylor, C. J. v. d. Poel, and A. Valster, "Diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF all-solid-state femtosecond oscillator and regenerative amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 2312-2314, 1995.
112. D. Kopf, J. Aus der Au, U. Keller, G. L. Bona, and P. Roentgen, "A 400-mW continous-wave diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser based on a power-scalable concept," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1782-1784, 1995.
113. D. Kopf, U. Keller, M. A. Emanuel, R. J. Beach, and J. A. Skidmore, "A 1.1-W CW Cr:LiSAF laser pumped by a I-cm diode-array," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 99-101, 1997.
114. S. Basu and R. L. Byer, "Continuous-wave mode-locked Nd:glass laser pumped by a laser diode," Opt. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 458-460, 1988.
115. C. Spielmann, F. Krausz, T. Brabec, E. Wintner, and A. J. Schmidt, "Femtosecond passive modelocking of a solid-state laser by dispersively balanced nonlinear interferometer," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol 58, pp. 2470-2472, 1991.
116. P. Lacovara, H. K. Choi, C. A. Wang, R. L. Aggarwal, and T. Y. Fan, "Room-temperature diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1089-1091, 1991.
117. T. Y. Fan, "Heat Generation in Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG," IEEE J. : Quantum Electron., vol. 29, pp. 1457-1459, 1993.
118. U. Brauch, A. Giesen, M. Karszewski, C. Stewen, and A. Voss, "Multiwatt diode-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk laser continuously tunable between 1018 and 1053 nim," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 713-715, 1995.
119. R. Allen and L. Esterowitz, "CW tunable ytterbium YAG laser pumped by titanium sapphire," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 639-641, 1995.
120. S. R. Henion, P. A. Schulz, "Yb:YAG laser: Mode-locking and high-power operation," in CLEO 1992, p. 540, paper CThQ2.
121. C. J. Flood, D. R. Walker, and H. M. van Driel, "The effect of spatial hole burning in a mode-locked, diode end-pumped, Nd:YAG laser," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 58-60, 1995.
122. B. Braun, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kärtner, and U. Keller, "Continuous-wave mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole-burning, Pan I: Experiments," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 61, pp. 429-437; 1995.
123. F. X. Kärtner, B. Braun, and U. Keller, "Continuous-wave-mode-locked solid-state lasers with enhanced spatial hole-burning, Part O: Theory," Appl. Phys. B, vol. 61, pp. 569-579, 1995.
124. S. Spälter, M. Böhm, B. Mikulla, A. Sizmann, G. Leuchs, R. Fluck, I. D. Jung, G. Zhang, and U. Keller, "Self-starting soliton modelocked femtosecond Cr: YAG laser using an antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable absorber," presented at CLEO Europe, 1996, Postdeadline Paper.
125. K. J. Weingarten, U. Keller, T. H. Chiu, and J. F. Ferguson, "Passively mode-locked diode-pumped solid-state lasers using an antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable absorber," Opt. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 640-642, 1993.
126. Prof. R. Wallenstein, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, private communication, 1996.
127. J. J. Zayhowski and C. Dill 111, "Diode-pumped passively Q-switched picosecond microchip lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1427-1429, 1994.
128. J, J. Zayhowski, J. Ochoa, and C. Dill, III, "UV generation with passively Q-switched picosecond microchip lasers," presented at CLEO 1995, p. 139, paper CTuM2.
129. P. Wang, S.-H. Zhou, K. K. Lee, and Y. C. Chen, "Picosecond laser pulse generation in a monolithic self-Q-switched solid-state laser," Opt. Commun., vol. 114, pp. 439-441, 1995.
130. 4 microchip lasers," Opt. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 716-718, 1995.
131. 4 microchip laser," Advanced Solid-State Lasers 1997, paper WD5.
132. _, "Passively Q-switched microchip lasers at 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm," presented at CLEO 1997.