메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 13, 2003, Pages 981-998

Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Dementia: An Evidence-Based Review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR; ACETYLCHOLINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; CALCIUM ION; CHOLINE; CHOTO SAN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DOPAMINE; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GLUCOSE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HUPERZINE A; HYPERICUM PERFORATUM EXTRACT; HYPNOTIC AGENT; KAWAIN; LEVACECARNINE; MELATONIN; NICOTINE; NORADRENALIN; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PYRITINOL; RETINOL; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SEDATIVE AGENT; SEROTONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALERIAN;

EID: 0242637070     PISSN: 1170229X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200320130-00003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (33)

References (116)
  • 2
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939-44
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3
  • 3
    • 0033380185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal medications for common ailments in the elderly
    • Ernst E. Herbal medications for common ailments in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1999; 15 (6): 423-8
    • (1999) Drugs Aging , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 423-428
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 5
    • 0017712005 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pyritinol on blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with dementia
    • Hoyer S, Oesterriech K, Stoll KD. Effect of pyritinol on blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with dementia. Arzneimittel Forschung 1977; 27 (3): 671-4
    • (1977) Arzneimittel Forschung , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 671-674
    • Hoyer, S.1    Oesterriech, K.2    Stoll, K.D.3
  • 6
    • 0027058797 scopus 로고
    • Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease
    • Calvani M, Carta A, Caruso G, et al. Action of acetyl-L-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 663: 483-6
    • (1992) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.663 , pp. 483-486
    • Calvani, M.1    Carta, A.2    Caruso, G.3
  • 7
    • 0026403940 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine: A drug able to slow the progress of Alzheimer's disease?
    • Carta A, Calvani M. Acetyl-L-carnitine: a drug able to slow the progress of Alzheimer's disease? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 640: 228-32
    • (1991) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.640 , pp. 228-232
    • Carta, A.1    Calvani, M.2
  • 8
    • 0025001584 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacol-electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with organic brain syndrome
    • Herrmann W, Dietrich B, Hiersemenzel R. Pharmacol- electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with organic brain syndrome. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990; 10 (1-2): 81-4
    • (1990) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.10 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 81-84
    • Herrmann, W.1    Dietrich, B.2    Hiersemenzel, R.3
  • 9
    • 0027563450 scopus 로고
    • Multicentre study of 1-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probably senile dementia of Alzheimer's type
    • Parnetti L, Abate G, Bartorelli L, et al. Multicentre study of 1-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probably senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. Drugs Aging 1993; 3 (2): 159-64
    • (1993) Drugs Aging , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-164
    • Parnetti, L.1    Abate, G.2    Bartorelli, L.3
  • 10
    • 0026516050 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of IV and oral acetyl-l-carnitine in a multiple dose regimen in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type
    • Parnetti L, Caita A, Mecocci P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of IV and oral acetyl-l-carnitine in a multiple dose regimen in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 42 (1): 89-93
    • (1992) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-93
    • Parnetti, L.1    Caita, A.2    Mecocci, P.3
  • 11
    • 0025163429 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients
    • Passeri M, Cucinotta D, Bonati P, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990; 10 (1-2): 75-9
    • (1990) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.10 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 75-79
    • Passeri, M.1    Cucinotta, D.2    Bonati, P.3
  • 12
    • 0023811562 scopus 로고
    • Mental impairment in aging; election of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine
    • Passeri M, Iannuccelli M, Ciotti G, et al. Mental impairment in aging; election of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1988; 8 (5): 367-76
    • (1988) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 367-376
    • Passeri, M.1    Iannuccelli, M.2    Ciotti, G.3
  • 13
    • 0024786493 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia
    • Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990; 11 (10): 638-47
    • (1990) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 638-647
    • Rai, G.1    Wright, G.2    Scott, L.3
  • 14
    • 0025001582 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological changes in demented patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine
    • Sinforiani E, Iannuccelli M, Mauri M, et al. Neuropsychological changes in demented patients treated with acetyl-L-carnitine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990; 10 (1-2): 69-74
    • (1990) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.10 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-74
    • Sinforiani, E.1    Iannuccelli, M.2    Mauri, M.3
  • 15
    • 0026002366 scopus 로고
    • Long-term acetyl-l-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease
    • Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-l-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1991; 41 (11): 1726-32
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 1726-1732
    • Spagnoli, A.1    Lucca, U.2    Menasce, G.3
  • 16
    • 0034718466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD
    • Thal L, Calvani M, Amato A, et al. A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology 2000; 55 (10): 805-10
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 805-810
    • Thal, L.1    Calvani, M.2    Amato, A.3
  • 17
    • 85087585398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Thal L, Carta A, Clarke W, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996, 11
    • (1996) Neurology , pp. 11
    • Thal, L.1    Carta, A.2    Clarke, W.3
  • 18
    • 0036255274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behavior in severe dementia
    • Holmes C, Hopkins V, Hensford C, et al. Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behavior in severe dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17: 305-8
    • (2002) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 305-308
    • Holmes, C.1    Hopkins, V.2    Hensford, C.3
  • 19
    • 0032697970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Choto-san on vascular dementia and the protective effect of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death
    • Itoh T, Shimada Y, Terasawa K. Efficacy of Choto-san on vascular dementia and the protective effect of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 111: 155-73
    • (1999) Mech Ageing Dev , vol.111 , pp. 155-173
    • Itoh, T.1    Shimada, Y.2    Terasawa, K.3
  • 20
    • 0034094018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba extract: Mechanisms and clinical indications
    • Diamond BJ, Shiflett SC, Feiwel N, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81 (5): 668-78
    • (2000) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 668-678
    • Diamond, B.J.1    Shiflett, S.C.2    Feiwel, N.3
  • 21
    • 0034101506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of dementia: A review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability
    • Mantle D, Pickering AT, Perry EK. Medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of dementia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. CNS Drugs 2000; 13: 201-13
    • (2000) CNS Drugs , vol.13 , pp. 201-213
    • Mantle, D.1    Pickering, A.T.2    Perry, E.K.3
  • 23
    • 84921429564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment
    • Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford: Update Software, CD001015
    • Higgins JP, Flicker L. Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment. Available in the Cochrane Library [database on disk and CD ROM]. Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; issue 2. Oxford: Update Software, 2000: CD001015
    • (2000) Cochrane Library [Database on Disk and CD ROM] , Issue.2
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Flicker, L.2
  • 24
    • 0029769505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin potentially useful but safety, efficacy remain uncertain
    • Lamberg L. Melatonin potentially useful but safety, efficacy remain uncertain. JAMA 1996; 276: 1011-4
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Lamberg, L.1
  • 25
    • 0025541296 scopus 로고
    • Psychopharmacological effects of pyritinol in normal volunteers
    • Hindmarch I, Coleston DM, Kerr JS. Psychopharmacological effects of pyritinol in normal volunteers. Neuropsychobiology 1990-91; 24 (3): 159-64
    • (1990) Neuropsychobiology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 159-164
    • Hindmarch, I.1    Coleston, D.M.2    Kerr, J.S.3
  • 26
    • 0005155387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-adenosylmethionine in the clinical practice of psychiatry, neurology, and internal medicine
    • Brown RP, Gerbarg PL, Bottiglieri T. S-adenosylmethionine in the clinical practice of psychiatry, neurology, and internal medicine. Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine 2000; 1 (4): 230-41
    • (2000) Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 230-241
    • Brown, R.P.1    Gerbarg, P.L.2    Bottiglieri, T.3
  • 27
    • 0033122264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders
    • Caufield JS, Forbes HJM. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract 1999; 3: 290-304
    • (1999) Lippincotts Prim Care Pract , vol.3 , pp. 290-304
    • Caufield, J.S.1    Forbes, H.J.M.2
  • 28
    • 0034945280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal medicines and peri-operative care
    • Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan CS. Herbal medicines and peri-operative care. JAMA 2001; 286: 208-16
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 208-216
    • Ang-Lee, M.K.1    Moss, J.2    Yuan, C.S.3
  • 29
    • 0029982815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's
    • Smith MA, Perry G, Richey PL, et al. Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's. Nature 1996; 382: 120-1
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 120-121
    • Smith, M.A.1    Perry, G.2    Richey, P.L.3
  • 30
    • 0035142363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bright light therapy and melatonin in motor restless behavior in dementia: A placebo-controlled study
    • Haffsman PM, Sival RC, Lucius SA, et al. Bright light therapy and melatonin in motor restless behavior in dementia: a placebo-controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16 (1): 106-10
    • (2001) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-110
    • Haffsman, P.M.1    Sival, R.C.2    Lucius, S.A.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0031473076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of melatonin in elderly patients with sleep disturbances
    • Fainstein I, Bonetto A, Brusco LI, et al. Effects of melatonin in elderly patients with sleep disturbances. Curr Ther Res 1997; 58; 990-1000
    • (1997) Curr Ther Res , vol.58 , pp. 990-1000
    • Fainstein, I.1    Bonetto, A.2    Brusco, L.I.3
  • 33
    • 0032429075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin treatment stabilizes chronobiological and cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
    • Brusco LI, Marquez M, Cardinali DP. Melatonin treatment stabilizes chronobiological and cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1998; 19: 111-5
    • (1998) Neuroendocrinol Lett , vol.19 , pp. 111-115
    • Brusco, L.I.1    Marquez, M.2    Cardinali, D.P.3
  • 34
    • 0344492689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monozygotic twins with Alzheimer's disease treated with melatonin: Case report
    • Brusco LI, Marquez M, Cardinali DP. Monozygotic twins with Alzheimer's disease treated with melatonin: case report. J Pineal Res 1998; 25: 260-3
    • (1998) J Pineal Res , vol.25 , pp. 260-263
    • Brusco, L.I.1    Marquez, M.2    Cardinali, D.P.3
  • 35
    • 0033832475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin for treatment of sundowning in elderly persons with dementia: A preliminary study
    • Aug 1
    • Cohen-Mansfield J, Garfinkel D, Lipson S. Melatonin for treatment of sundowning in elderly persons with dementia: a preliminary study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2000 Aug 1; 31 (1): 65-76
    • (2000) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-76
    • Cohen-Mansfield, J.1    Garfinkel, D.2    Lipson, S.3
  • 36
    • 0032133318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of melatonin in two individuals with Alzheimer's disease
    • Aug
    • Jean-Louis G, Zizi F, von Gizycki H, et al. Effects of melatonin in two individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Percept Mot Skills 1998 Aug; 87 (1): 331-9
    • (1998) Percept Mot Skills , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 331-339
    • Jean-Louis, G.1    Zizi, F.2    Von Gizycki, H.3
  • 37
    • 0031018422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of sundowning: A selective review of pharmacological and nonpharmacological studies
    • McGaffigan S, Bliwise DL. The treatment of sundowning: a selective review of pharmacological and nonpharmacological studies. Drugs Aging 1997; 10 (1): 10-7
    • (1997) Drugs Aging , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-17
    • McGaffigan, S.1    Bliwise, D.L.2
  • 38
    • 0019992625 scopus 로고
    • Aqueous extract of valerian root improves sleep quality in man
    • Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, et al. Aqueous extract of valerian root improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982; 17: 65-71
    • (1982) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.17 , pp. 65-71
    • Leathwood, P.D.1    Chauffard, F.2    Heck, E.3
  • 39
    • 0020387024 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the effects of mild sedatives
    • Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Quantifying the effects of mild sedatives. J Psychiatr Res 1983; 17: 115-22
    • (1983) J Psychiatr Res , vol.17 , pp. 115-122
    • Leathwood, P.D.1    Chauffard, F.2
  • 40
    • 0028288003 scopus 로고
    • The effect of valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers: A pilot study
    • Schulz H, Stolz C, Miller J. The effect of valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers: a pilot study. Pharmacopsychiatry 1994; 27: 147-51
    • (1994) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 147-151
    • Schulz, H.1    Stolz, C.2    Miller, J.3
  • 41
    • 0001920936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valerian for insomnia: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials
    • Apr 1
    • Stevinson C, Ernst E. Valerian for insomnia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Sleep Med 2000 Apr 1; 1 (2): 91-9
    • (2000) Sleep Med , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Stevinson, C.1    Ernst, E.2
  • 42
    • 0036076832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in a severe dementia: The results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa
    • Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Reichelt K, et al. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in a severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 553-8
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 553-558
    • Ballard, C.G.1    O'Brien, J.T.2    Reichelt, K.3
  • 43
    • 0034766395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatherapy and behavior disturbances in dementia: A randomized controlled trial
    • Smallwood J, Brown R, Coulter F, et al. Aromatherapy and behavior disturbances in dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16: 1010-3
    • (2001) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 1010-1013
    • Smallwood, J.1    Brown, R.2    Coulter, F.3
  • 44
    • 0032083214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches to health and well-being for dementia day-care clients, family carers and day care staff
    • Kilstoff K Chenoweth L. New approaches to health and well-being for dementia day-care clients, family carers and day care staff. Int J Nurs Pract 1998; 4: 70-83
    • (1998) Int J Nurs Pract , vol.4 , pp. 70-83
    • Kilstoff, K.1    Chenoweth, L.2
  • 45
    • 0030973399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single case evaluation of the effects of aromatherapy and massage on disturbed behaviour in severe dementia
    • Booker D, Snape M, Johnson E, et al. Single case evaluation of the effects of aromatherapy and massage on disturbed behaviour in severe dementia. Br J Clin Psychol 1997; 36: 287-96
    • (1997) Br J Clin Psychol , vol.36 , pp. 287-296
    • Booker, D.1    Snape, M.2    Johnson, E.3
  • 46
    • 0029973577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can aromatherapy oils promote sleep in severely demented patients?
    • Wolfe N, Herzberg J. Can aromatherapy oils promote sleep in severely demented patients? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1996; 11: 926-7
    • (1996) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.11 , pp. 926-927
    • Wolfe, N.1    Herzberg, J.2
  • 47
    • 0036284492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges
    • Gray S, Clair A. Influences of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2002; 17: 169-74
    • (2002) Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen , vol.17 , pp. 169-174
    • Gray, S.1    Clair, A.2
  • 48
    • 0030898844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias of late life
    • American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias of late life. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1-39
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1-39
  • 49
    • 0034707701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St John's Wort for depression: A systematic review
    • Jan 24
    • Gaster B, Holroyd J. St John's Wort for depression: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2000 Jan 24; 160 (2): 152-6
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-156
    • Gaster, B.1    Holroyd, J.2
  • 50
    • 0033547613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: Randomized multicentre study treatment for eight weeks
    • Philipp M, Kohnen R, Hiller KO. Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: randomized multicentre study treatment for eight weeks. BMJ 1999; 319: 1534-9
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 1534-1539
    • Philipp, M.1    Kohnen, R.2    Hiller, K.O.3
  • 51
    • 0034596545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of St John's wort and imipramine for treating depression: Randomised controlled trial
    • Woelk H. Comparison of St John's wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000; 321: 536-9
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 536-539
    • Woelk, H.1
  • 52
    • 0036334488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of St John's Wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Lecrubier Y, Clerc G, Didi R, et al. Efficacy of St John's Wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1361-6
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 1361-1366
    • Lecrubier, Y.1    Clerc, G.2    Didi, R.3
  • 53
    • 0035906295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of St John's Wort in major depression
    • Shelton RC, Keller MB, Gelenberg AJ, et al. Effectiveness of St John's Wort in major depression. JAMA 2001; 285: 1978-86
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1978-1986
    • Shelton, R.C.1    Keller, M.B.2    Gelenberg, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 0037051930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypericum perforatum (St Johns Wort) in major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
    • Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group. Effect of hypericum perforatum (St Johns Wort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287: 1807-14
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1807-1814
  • 55
    • 0037166968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • St Johns Wort and depression: Letter to the editor
    • Linde K, Melchart D, Mulrow CD, et al. St Johns Wort and depression: letter to the editor. JAMA 2002; 288: 447
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 447
    • Linde, K.1    Melchart, D.2    Mulrow, C.D.3
  • 56
    • 0001185057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a special kava extract (Piper methysticum) in patients with states of anxiety, tension, and excitedness of nonmental origin- a double blind placebo-controlled study of four weeks treatment
    • Lehmann E, Kinzler E, Freidemann J. Efficacy of a special kava extract (Piper methysticum) in patients with states of anxiety, tension, and excitedness of nonmental origin-a double blind placebo-controlled study of four weeks treatment. Phytomedicine 1996; 2: 113-9
    • (1996) Phytomedicine , vol.2 , pp. 113-119
    • Lehmann, E.1    Kinzler, E.2    Freidemann, J.3
  • 57
    • 0031057602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders: A randomized placebo-controlled 25 week outpatient trial
    • Volz HP, Keiser M. Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders: a randomized placebo-controlled 25 week outpatient trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997; 30: 1-5
    • (1997) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 1-5
    • Volz, H.P.1    Keiser, M.2
  • 58
    • 0036165581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of kava and valerian on human physiological and psychological responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions
    • Cropley M, Cave Z, Ellis J, et al. Effect of kava and valerian on human physiological and psychological responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions. Phytother Res 2002; 16: 23-7
    • (2002) Phytother Res , vol.16 , pp. 23-27
    • Cropley, M.1    Cave, Z.2    Ellis, J.3
  • 59
    • 0036261506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety
    • Stevinson C, Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety. Drug Saf 2002; 25: 251-61
    • (2002) Drug Saf , vol.25 , pp. 251-261
    • Stevinson, C.1    Huntley, A.2    Ernst, E.3
  • 61
    • 0026733220 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute subcutaneous nicotine on attention, information processing and short term memory in Alzheimer's disease
    • Jones GM, Sahakian BY, Levy R, et al. Effects of acute subcutaneous nicotine on attention, information processing and short term memory in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology 1992; 108: 485-94
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.108 , pp. 485-494
    • Jones, G.M.1    Sahakian, B.Y.2    Levy, R.3
  • 62
    • 0032893921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease
    • White HK, Levin ED. Four week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology 1999; 143: 158-65
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.143 , pp. 158-165
    • White, H.K.1    Levin, E.D.2
  • 63
    • 0025763629 scopus 로고
    • Drug evaluation of huperzine a in the treatment of senile memory disorders
    • Zhang R, Tang X, Han Y, et al. Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1991; 12: 250-2
    • (1991) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.12 , pp. 250-252
    • Zhang, R.1    Tang, X.2    Han, Y.3
  • 64
    • 0029112606 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of tablet huperzine a on memory, cognition and behavior in Alzheimer's disease
    • Xu SS, Gao ZX, Weng Z, et al. Efficacy of tablet huperzine A on memory, cognition and behavior in Alzheimer's disease. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1995; 16: 391-5
    • (1995) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.16 , pp. 391-395
    • Xu, S.S.1    Gao, Z.X.2    Weng, Z.3
  • 65
    • 13044283042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huperzine-A in capsules and tablets for treating patients with Alzheimer disease
    • Xu S, Cai Z, Qu Z, et al. Huperzine-A in capsules and tablets for treating patients with Alzheimer disease. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999; 20 (6): 486-90
    • (1999) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 486-490
    • Xu, S.1    Cai, Z.2    Qu, Z.3
  • 66
    • 0037173785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clincial efficacy and safety of huperzine Alpha in treatment f mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Zhang Z, Wang X, Chen Q, et al. Clincial efficacy and safety of huperzine Alpha in treatment f mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002; 82 (14): 941-4
    • (2002) Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi , vol.82 , Issue.14 , pp. 941-944
    • Zhang, Z.1    Wang, X.2    Chen, Q.3
  • 67
    • 0025247740 scopus 로고
    • Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: A multicenter trial
    • Chatellier G, Lacomblez L, Group Francais d'Etude de la Tetrahydroaminoacridine. Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine; THA) and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a multicenter trial. British Medical Journal Clinical Research and Education 1990; 300 (6723): 495-9
    • (1990) British Medical Journal Clinical Research and Education , vol.300 , Issue.6723 , pp. 495-499
    • Chatellier, G.1    Lacomblez, L.2
  • 68
    • 0028175439 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: Double-blind trial
    • Maltby N, Broe GA, Creasey H, et al. Efficacy of tacrine and lecithin in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: double-blind trial. BMJ 1994; 308 (6933): 879-83
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , Issue.6933 , pp. 879-883
    • Maltby, N.1    Broe, G.A.2    Creasey, H.3
  • 69
    • 9444260919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An enriched-population, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. The tacrine 970-6 study
    • Foster NL, Petersen RC, Gracon SI, et al. An enriched-population, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. The tacrine 970-6 study. Dementia 1996; 7 (5): 260-6
    • (1996) Dementia , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 260-266
    • Foster, N.L.1    Petersen, R.C.2    Gracon, S.I.3
  • 70
    • 0034565255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease
    • Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford: Update Software, CD002854
    • Tabet N, Birks J, Grimley-Evans J. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease. Available in the Cochrane Library [database on disk and CD ROM]. Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; issue 4. Oxford: Update Software, 2000: CD002854
    • (2000) Cochrane Library [Database on Disk and CD ROM] , Issue.4
    • Tabet, N.1    Birks, J.2    Grimley-Evans, J.3
  • 72
    • 0030967165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease
    • Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, The Alzhiemer's Disease Cooperative Study, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 336 (17): 1216-22
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , Issue.17 , pp. 1216-1222
    • Sano, M.1    Ernesto, C.2    Thomas, R.G.3
  • 73
    • 0037178574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease
    • Foley D, White L. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 2002; 2: 3261-3
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.2 , pp. 3261-3263
    • Foley, D.1    White, L.2
  • 74
    • 0025606597 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid S-adenosylmethionine in depression and dementia: Effects of treatment with potential and oral S-adenosylmethionione
    • Bottiglieri T, Godfrey P, Flynn T, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid S-adenosylmethionine in depression and dementia: effects of treatment with potential and oral S-adenosylmethionione. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53 (12): 1096-8
    • (1990) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.12 , pp. 1096-1098
    • Bottiglieri, T.1    Godfrey, P.2    Flynn, T.3
  • 75
    • 0029058838 scopus 로고
    • Decreased methionine adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of patients with dementia disorders
    • Gomes-Trolin C, Regland B, Oreland L. Decreased methionine adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of patients with dementia disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmocol 1995; 5 (2): 107-14
    • (1995) Eur Neuropsychopharmocol , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-114
    • Gomes-Trolin, C.1    Regland, B.2    Oreland, L.3
  • 76
    • 0026460074 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1992; 49 (11): 1137-41
    • (1992) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , Issue.11 , pp. 1137-1141
    • Sano, M.1    Bell, K.2    Cote, L.3
  • 77
    • 0026499718 scopus 로고
    • Therapuetic efficacy of pyrnitol in patients with senial dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID)
    • Fischof PK, Saletu B, Rutehr E, et al. Therapuetic efficacy of pyrnitol in patients with senial dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID). Neuropsychobiology 1992; 26 (1-2): 65-70
    • (1992) Neuropsychobiology , vol.26 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 65-70
    • Fischof, P.K.1    Saletu, B.2    Rutehr, E.3
  • 78
    • 0018827103 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled study of pyritinol in dementia
    • Cooper AJ, Magnus RV. A placebo-controlled study of pyritinol in dementia. Pharmatherapeutica 1980; 2 (5): 317-22
    • (1980) Pharmatherapeutica , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-322
    • Cooper, A.J.1    Magnus, R.V.2
  • 79
    • 0029742216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nootropics: Efficacy and tolerability of products from three active substance classes
    • Letzel H, Haan J, Feil WB. Nootropics: efficacy and tolerability of products from three active substance classes. J Drug Dev Clin Pract 1996; 8: 77-94
    • (1996) J Drug Dev Clin Pract , vol.8 , pp. 77-94
    • Letzel, H.1    Haan, J.2    Feil, W.B.3
  • 80
    • 0021930917 scopus 로고
    • Study of the long term action of a Ginkgo biloba extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements
    • Geßner B, Voelp A, Klasser M. Study of the long term action of a Ginkgo biloba extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements. Arzneimittel Forschung 1985; 35: 1459-65
    • (1985) Arzneimittel Forschung , vol.35 , pp. 1459-1465
    • Geßner, B.1    Voelp, A.2    Klasser, M.3
  • 81
    • 0025716619 scopus 로고
    • Medikamentöse Therapie von Hirnleistungsstörungen
    • Gerhardt G, Rogalla K, Jaeger J. Medikamentöse Therapie von Hirnleistungsstörungen. Fortschr Med 1990; 108: 384-8
    • (1990) Fortschr Med , vol.108 , pp. 384-388
    • Gerhardt, G.1    Rogalla, K.2    Jaeger, J.3
  • 82
    • 0025993106 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a Ginkgo special extact on psychometric parameters in patients with vascular dementia
    • Hartmann A, Frick M. Effectiveness of a Ginkgo special extact on psychometric parameters in patients with vascular dementia [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1991; 133: S23-5
    • (1991) Munch Med Wochenschr , vol.133
    • Hartmann, A.1    Frick, M.2
  • 83
    • 0022340731 scopus 로고
    • Physikalische Therapie des vestibulären Schwindels in Verbindung mit Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt
    • Hamann KF. Physikalische Therapie des vestibulären Schwindels in Verbindung mit Ginkgo-biloba-Extrakt. Therapiewoche 1985; 35: 4586-90
    • (1985) Therapiewoche , vol.35 , pp. 4586-4590
    • Hamann, K.F.1
  • 85
    • 0025976375 scopus 로고
    • Influences of Ginkgo biloba on cyclosporin a induced lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes in comparison to vitamin E, glutathion and N-acetyllcysteine
    • Barth SA, Inselmann G, Heidemann HT. Influences of Ginkgo biloba on cyclosporin A induced lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes in comparison to vitamin E, glutathion and N-acetyllcysteine. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 41: 1521-6
    • (1991) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 1521-1526
    • Barth, S.A.1    Inselmann, G.2    Heidemann, H.T.3
  • 86
    • 0023123863 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of antithrombotic action of flavonoids
    • Gryglewski RJ, Korbut R, Robak J, et al. On the mechanism of antithrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol 1987; 36: 317-22
    • (1987) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.36 , pp. 317-322
    • Gryglewski, R.J.1    Korbut, R.2    Robak, J.3
  • 87
    • 0242560601 scopus 로고
    • PAF-acether analogs, platelet activation an BN 52021
    • Braquet P, editor. Barcelona: JR Prous
    • Coeffler E. PAF-acether analogs, platelet activation an BN 52021. In: Braquet P, editor. Ginkgolides. Barcelona: JR Prous, 1988: 105-113
    • (1988) Ginkgolides , pp. 105-113
    • Coeffler, E.1
  • 88
    • 0028838803 scopus 로고
    • Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells Ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide
    • Janssens D, Michiels C, Delaiv E, et al. Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells Ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50: 991-9
    • (1995) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 991-999
    • Janssens, D.1    Michiels, C.2    Delaiv, E.3
  • 89
    • 0026444034 scopus 로고
    • The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, increases synaptosomal uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine: In-vitro and ex-vivo studies
    • Ramassamy C, Christen Y, Clostre F, et al. The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, increases synaptosomal uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine: in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 1992; 44: 943-5
    • (1992) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 943-945
    • Ramassamy, C.1    Christen, Y.2    Clostre, F.3
  • 90
    • 0030458395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo regulation of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and glucocorticoid synthesis by ginkgo biloba extract Egb 761 and isolated ginkgolides
    • Amri H, Ogwuegbu SO, Boujrad N, et al. In vivo regulation of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and glucocorticoid synthesis by ginkgo biloba extract Egb 761 and isolated ginkgolides. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 5707-17
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 5707-5717
    • Amri, H.1    Ogwuegbu, S.O.2    Boujrad, N.3
  • 91
    • 0024408951 scopus 로고
    • The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on neurophysiological and psychometric measurement results in patients with psychotic organic brain syndrome: A double-blind study against placebo
    • Hofferberth B. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on neurophysiological and psychometric measurement results in patients with psychotic organic brain syndrome: a double-blind study against placebo [in German]. Arzneimittel Forschung 1989; 39: 918-22
    • (1989) Arzneimittel Forschung , vol.39 , pp. 918-922
    • Hofferberth, B.1
  • 92
    • 0026088807 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('Tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
    • Rai GS, Shovlin C, Wesnes KA. A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract ('Tanakan') in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment. Curr Med Res Opin 1991; 12: 350-5
    • (1991) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.12 , pp. 350-355
    • Rai, G.S.1    Shovlin, C.2    Wesnes, K.A.3
  • 93
    • 0029149415 scopus 로고
    • Natural substances in psychiatry (Ginkgo biloba in dementia)
    • Itil T, Martorano D. Natural substances in psychiatry (Ginkgo biloba in dementia). Psychopharmacol Bull 1995; 31: 147-58
    • (1995) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.31 , pp. 147-158
    • Itil, T.1    Martorano, D.2
  • 94
    • 0020450885 scopus 로고
    • Kontrollierte Doppelbind-Studie zum Wirksamkeitsnachweis von Tebonin forte® bei Patienten mit zerebrovaskulärer Insuffizienz
    • Eckmann F, Schlag H. Kontrollierte Doppelbind-Studie zum Wirksamkeitsnachweis von Tebonin forte® bei Patienten mit zerebrovaskulärer Insuffizienz. Fortschr Med 1982; 100: 1474-8
    • (1982) Fortschr Med , vol.100 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Eckmann, F.1    Schlag, H.2
  • 95
    • 0025704796 scopus 로고
    • Hirnleistungsstörungen: Behandlung mit gingkobiloba extrakt
    • Eckmann F. Hirnleistungsstörungen: behandlung mit gingkobiloba extrakt. Fortschr Med 1990; 29: 557-60
    • (1990) Fortschr Med , vol.29 , pp. 557-560
    • Eckmann, F.1
  • 96
    • 0002785196 scopus 로고
    • Depressive episode primarily unresponsive to therapy in elderly patients: Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in combination with antidepressants
    • Schubert H, Halama P. Depressive episode primarily unresponsive to therapy in elderly patients: efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in combination with antidepressants [in German]. Geriatrie Forschung 1993; 1: 45-53
    • (1993) Geriatrie Forschung , vol.1 , pp. 45-53
    • Schubert, H.1    Halama, P.2
  • 97
    • 0025911537 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba: Effectiveness of a special extract in patients with cerebral insufficiency
    • Halama P. Ginkgo biloba: effectiveness of a special extract in patients with cerebral insufficiency [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1991; 133: 190-4
    • (1991) Munch Med Wochenschr , vol.133 , pp. 190-194
    • Halama, P.1
  • 98
    • 0008731272 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and psychometric evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract in chronic cerebro-vascular diseases
    • Agnoli A, Rapin JR, Scapagnini V, Weitbrecht WV, editors. London: John Libbey & Company Ltd
    • Arrigo A, Cattaneo S. Clinical and psychometric evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract in chronic cerebro-vascular diseases. In: Agnoli A, Rapin JR, Scapagnini V, Weitbrecht WV, editors. Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on organic cerebral impairment. London: John Libbey & Company Ltd, 1985
    • (1985) Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Organic Cerebral Impairment
    • Arrigo, A.1    Cattaneo, S.2
  • 99
    • 0033785945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of Ginkgo for elderly with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: New results of a randomized clinical trial
    • van Dongen MC, van Rossum E, Kessels AG, et al. The efficacy of Ginkgo for elderly with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: new results of a randomized clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48 (10): 1183-94
    • (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 1183-1194
    • Van Dongen, M.C.1    Van Rossum, E.2    Kessels, A.G.3
  • 100
    • 0030759072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Gingko biloba for dementia
    • Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Gingko biloba for dementia. JAMA 1997; 278: 1327-32
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1327-1332
    • Le Bars, P.L.1    Katz, M.M.2    Berman, N.3
  • 101
    • 0034125340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia
    • Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, North American EGb Study Group, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000; 11 (4): 230-7
    • (2000) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 230-237
    • Le Bars, P.L.1    Katz, M.M.2    Berman, N.3
  • 102
    • 34648842268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia
    • Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford: Update Software
    • Birks J, Grimley Evans J, Van Dongen M. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Available in The Cochrane Library [database on disk and CD ROM]. Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; issue 1. Oxford: Update Software, 2003
    • (2003) Cochrane Library [Database on Disk and CD ROM] , Issue.1
    • Birks, J.1    Grimley Evans, J.2    Van Dongen, M.3
  • 103
    • 0031788259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease
    • Oken BS, Storzbach DM, Kaye JA. The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1998; 55 (11): 1409-15
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 1409-1415
    • Oken, B.S.1    Storzbach, D.M.2    Kaye, J.A.3
  • 104
    • 0026793093 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency
    • Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 352-8
    • (1992) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 352-358
    • Kleijnen, J.1    Knipschild, P.2
  • 105
    • 0029871249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGB 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia
    • Kanowski S, Herrmann WM, Stephan K, et al. Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGB 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996; 29: 47-56
    • (1996) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 47-56
    • Kanowski, S.1    Herrmann, W.M.2    Stephan, K.3
  • 106
    • 0030892010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract
    • Apr 10
    • Rosenblatt M, Mindel J. Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract [letter]. N Engl J Med 1997 Apr 10; 336 (15): 1108
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , Issue.15 , pp. 1108
    • Rosenblatt, M.1    Mindel, J.2
  • 107
    • 0030161327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion
    • Rowin J, Lewis SL. Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion. Neurology 1996; 46: 1775-6
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1775-1776
    • Rowin, J.1    Lewis, S.L.2
  • 108
    • 0031111760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba
    • Gilbert GJ. Ginkgo biloba. Neurology 1997; 48: 1137
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1137
    • Gilbert, G.J.1
  • 109
    • 17344380888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with Ginkgo biloba
    • Vale S. Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with Ginkgo biloba [letter]. Lancet 1998; 352: 36
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 36
    • Vale, S.1
  • 110
    • 0032508952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997
    • Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. JAMA 1998; 280: 1569-75
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Eisenberg, D.M.1    Davis, R.B.2    Ettner, S.L.3
  • 112
    • 0026056668 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba special extract in patients with psychotic organic brain syndrome
    • Hofferberth B. Ginkgo biloba special extract in patients with psychotic organic brain syndrome [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1991; 133: S30-3
    • (1991) Munch Med Wochenschr , vol.133
    • Hofferberth, B.1
  • 113
    • 0025949507 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of LI 1370 in elderly patients with cerebral insufficiency: Multicentric double-blind trial
    • Brüchen E, Heinrich SE, Ruf-Kohler P. Efficacy of LI 1370 in elderly patients with cerebral insufficiency: multicentric double-blind trial [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1991; 133: S9-S14
    • (1991) Munch Med Wochenschr , vol.133
    • Brüchen, E.1    Heinrich, S.E.2    Ruf-Kohler, P.3
  • 116
    • 0033547648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second thoughts about the safety of St Johns Wort
    • Ernst E. Second thoughts about the safety of St Johns Wort. Lancet 1999; 354: 2014-5
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 2014-2015
    • Ernst, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.