Depositional setting and implications of Paleoproterozoic glaciomarine sedimentation in the Hamersley Province, Western Australia

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 111, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 189-203

  Martin, David McB ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; IRON; SANDSTONE; SEA ICE; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

ASYMMETRIC NATURES; BANDED IRON FORMATIONS; DEPOSITIONAL SETTING; MARINE SEDIMENTATION; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; SEDIMENT GRAVITY FLOW; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

IRON DEPOSITS;

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; GLACIOMARINE DEPOSIT; PROTEROZOIC;

AUSTRALIA; HAMERSLEY PROVINCE; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84879886817     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0189:DSAIOP>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Alley, R. B., Blankenship, D. D., Rooney, S. T., and Bentley, C. R., 1989, Sedimentation beneath ice shelves - The view from Ice Stream B: Marine Geology, v. 85, p. 101-120.
2. Altermann, W., and Halbich, I. W., 1991, Structural history of the southwestern corner of the Kaapvaal craton and the adjacent Namaqua realm: New observations and a reappraisal: Precambrian Research, v. 52, p. 133-166.
3. Anderson, J. B., and Ashley, G. M., editors, 1991, Glacial manne sedimentation; paleoclimatic significance: Geological Society of America Special Paper 261, 232 p.
4. Barley, M. E., Pickard, A. L., and Sylvester, P. J., 1997, Emplacement of a large igneous province as a possible cause of banded iron formation 2.45 billion years ago: Nature, v. 385, p. 55-58.
5. Bennett, M. R., Doyle, P., and Mather, A. E., 1996, Dropstones: Their origins and significance: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 121, p. 331-339.
6. Blake, T. S., 1993, Late Archaean crustal extension, sedimentary basin formation, flood basalt volcanism and continental rifting: The Nullagine and Mount Jope Supersequences, Western Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 60, p. 185-242.
7. Blake, T. S., and Barley, M. E., 1992, Tectonic evolution of the Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic Mount Bruce megasequence set, Western Australia: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 1415-1425.
8. Boulton, G. S., 1978, Boulder shapes and grain-size distributions of debris as an indicator of transport paths through a glacier and till genesis: Sedimentology, v. 25, p. 773-799.
9. Boulton, G. S., 1990, Sedimentary and sea level changes during glacial cycles and their control on glacimarine facies architecture, in Dowdeswell, J. A., and Scourse, J. D., eds., Glacimarine environments: London, Geological Society of London, p. 15-52.
10. Boulton, G. S., and Deynoux, M., 1981, Sedimentation in glacial environments and the identification of tills and tillites in ancient sedimentary sequences: Precambrian Research, v. 15, p. 397-122.
11. Brodzikovvski, K., and van Loon, A. J., 1991, Glacigenic sediments (Developments in Sedimentology 49): Amsterdam, Elsevier, 674 p.
12. Burger, A. J., and Coertzer, F. J., 1973, Age determinations - April 1972 to March 1974: Annals of the Geological Survey of South Africa, v. 10, p. 135-141.
13. Cas, R. A. F., and Wright, J. V. 1988, Volcanic successions: Modern and ancient: London, Chapman and Hall, 528 p.
14. Corfu, F., and Andrews, A. J., 1986, A U-Pb age for mineralized Nipissing diabase, Gowganda, Ontario: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 107-109.
15. Cornell, D. H., Schutte, S. S., and Eglington, B. L., 1996, The Ongeluk basaltic andesite formation in Griqualand West, South Africa: Submarine alteration in a 2222 Ma Proterozoic sea: Precambrian Research, v. 79, p. 101-123.
16. Crampton, S. L., and Allen, P. A., 1995, Recognition of forebulge unconformities associated with early foreland basin development: Example from the North Alpine foreland basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1495-1514.
17. Crowell, J. C. 1957, Origin of pebbly mudstones: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 993-1010.
18. De Villiers, P. R., and Visser, J. N. J., 1977, The glacial beds of the Griqualand West Supergroup as revealed by four deep boreholes between Postmasburg and Sishen: Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 80, p. 1-8.
19. Domack, E. W., Anderson, J. B., and Kurtz, D. D., 1980, Clast shape as an indicator of transport and depositional mechanisms in glacial marine sediments: George V continental shelf, Antarctica: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 813-820.
20. Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K., 1997, Dropstones: Their origins and significance: A comment: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 131, p. 175-178.
21. Dott, R. H., 1961, Squantum "tillite," Massachusetts - Evidence of glaciation or sub-aqueous mass movements?: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1289-1306.
22. Dowdeswell, J. A., Hambrey, M. J., and Wu, R., 1985, A comparison of clast fabric and shape in Late Precambrian and modern glacigenic sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, p. 691-704.
23. Dreimanis, A., 1988, Tills: Their genetic terminology and classification, in Goldthwait, R. P., and Matseh, C. L., eds., Genetic classification of glacigenic deposits: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 17-67.
24. Eriksson, P. G., and Clendenin, C. W., 1990, A review of the Transvaal Sequence, South Africa: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 10, p. 101-116.
25. Eriksson, P. G., Schweitzer, J. K., Bosch, P. J. A., Schereiber, U. M., Van Deventer, J. L., and Hatton, C. J., 1993, The Transvaal Sequence: An overview: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 16, p. 25-51.
26. Eriksson, P. G., Hattingh, P. J., and Altermann, W., 1995, An overview of the geology of the Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Mineralium Deposita, v. 30, p. 98-111.
27. Evans, D. A., Beukes, N. J., and Kirschvink, J. L., 1997, Low-latitude glaciation in the Palaeoproterozoic era: Nature, v. 386, p. 262-266.
28. Eyles, N., 1993, Earth's glacial record and its tectonic setting: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 35, p. 1-248.
29. Eyles, N., and Young, G. M., 1994, Geodynamic controls on glaciation in Earth history, in Deynoux, M., Miller, J. M. C., Domack, E. W., Eyles, N., Fairchild, I. J., and Young, G. M., eds., Earth's glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 1-28.
30. Eyles, N., Eyles, C. H., and Miall, A. D., 1983, Lithofacies types and vertical profile models: an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences: Sedimentology, v. 30, p. 393-410.
31. Fairbairn, H. W., Hurley, P. M., Card, K. D., and Knight, C. J., 1969, Correlation of radiometric age of Nipissing diabase and metasediments with Proterozoic orogenic events in Ontario: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 6, p. 489-497.
32. Fairchild, I. J., and Hambrey, M. J., 1984, The Vendian succession of north-eastern Spitsbergen: Petrogenesis of a dolomite-tillite association: Precambrian Research, v. 26, p. 111-167.
33. Fairchild, I. J., Bradby, L., and Spiro, B., 1994, Reactive carbonate in glacial systems: A preliminary synthesis of its creation, dissolution and reincarnation, in Deynoux, M., Miller, J. M. G., Domack, E. W., Eyles, N., Fairchild, I. J., and Young, G. M., eds., Earth's glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 176-192.
34. Fischer, A. G., 1984, The two Phanerozoic supercycles, in Berggren, W. A., and van Couvering, J. A., eds., Catastrophes and Earth history: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 129-150.
35. Flint, R. F., Sanders, J. E., and Rodgers, J., 1960, Diamictite: A substitute term for symmictite: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 1809-1810.
36. Fralick, P. W., and Miall, A. D., 1989, Sedimentology of the lower Huronian Supergroup (Early Proterozoic), Elliot Lake area, Ontario, Canada: Sedimentary Geology, v. 63, p. 127-153.
37. Gilbert, R., 1990, Rafting in glacimarine environments, in Dowdeswell, J. A., and Scourse, J. D., eds., Glacimarine environments: London, Geological Society of London, p. 105-120.
38. Gravenor, C. P., Von Brunn, V., and Dreimanis, A., 1984, Nature and classification of waterlain glaciogenic sediments, exemplified by Pleistocene, late Paleozoic and late Precambrian deposits: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 20, p. 105-166.
39. Hambrey, M. J., 1994, Glacial environments: London, University College London, 296 p.
40. Hambrey, M. J., and Harland, W. B., 1981, Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1004 p.
41. Harland, W. B., Herod, K. N., and Krinsley, D. H., 1966, The definition and identification of tills and tillites: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 2, p. 225-256.
42. Hooke, R. L., 1967, Processes on arid-region alluvial fans: Journal of Geology, v. 75, p. 438-460.
43. Horwitz, R. C., 1982, Geological history of the Early Proterozoic Parahurdoo hinge zone, Western Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 19, p. 191-200.
44. Houston, R. S., Lanthier, L. R., Karlstrom, K. K., and Sylvester, G. G., 1981, Late Proterozoic diamictite of southern Wyoming, in Hambrey, M. J., and Harland, W. B., eds., Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 795-799.
45. Karlstrom, K. K., Flurkey, A. J., and Houston, R. S., 1983, Stratigraphy and depositional setting of Proterozoic rocks of southeastern Wyoming: Record of an Early Proterozoic Atlantic-type cratonic margin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 1287-1294.
46. Kaufman, A. J., 1997, An ice age in the tropics: Nature, v. 386, p. 227-228.
47. Klein, C., and Beukes, N. J., 1993, Sedimentology and geochemistry of the glaciogenic late Proterozoic Rapitan Iron-Formation in Canada: Economic Geology, v. 88, p. 542-565.
48. Krapez, B., 1996, Sequence stratigraphic concepts applied to the identification of basin-filling rhythms in Precambrian successions: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, p. 355-380.
49. Krogh, T. E., Davis, D. W., and Corfu, F., 1984, Precise U-Ph zircon and Baddeleyite ages for the Sudbury area, in Pye, E. G., Naldrett, A. J., and Giblin, P. E., eds., The geology and ore deposits of the Sudbury structure: Toronto, Ontario Geological Survey, p. 431-446.
50. Kurtz, D. D., and Anderson, J. B., 1979, Recognition and sedimentologic description of recent debris flow deposits from the Ross and Weddell seas, Antarctica: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 1159-1170.
51. Lawson, D. E., 1988, Glacigenic resedimentation: Classification concepts and applications to mass-movement processes and deposits, in Goldthwait, R. P., and Matsch, C. L., eds., Genetic Classification of glacigenic deposits: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 147-169.
52. Long, D. G. F., 1974, Glacial and paraglacial genesis of conglomeratic rocks of the Chibougamau Formation (Aphebian), Chibougamau, Quebec: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 11, p. 1236-1252.
53. Marmo, J. S., and Ojakangas, R. W., 1984, Lower Proterozoic glaciogenic deposits, eastern Finland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 1055-1062.
54. Martin, D. McB., Horwitz, R. C. Li, Z. X., Powell, C. M., Twist, C., and Worth, M., 1996, Evolution of a mid-Palaeoproterozoic foreland basin, southern margin of the Hamersley Province, Pilbara, W.A., in Thirteenth Australian Geological Convention, Canberra: Geological Society of Australia Abstracts, v. 41, p. 270.
55. Martin, D. McB., Li, Z. X., Nemchin, A. A., and Powell, C. M., 1998, A pre-2.2 Ga age for giant hematite ores of the Hamersley Province, Australia?: Economic Geology, v. 93, p. 1084-1090.
56. Miall, A. D., 1983, Glaciomarine sedimentation in the Gowganda Formation (Huronian), northern Ontario: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, p. 477-191.
57. Miall, A. D., 1985, Sedimentation on an early Proterozoic continental margin under glacial influence: The Gowganda Formation (Huronian), Elliot Lake area, Ontario, Canada: Sedimentology, v. 32, p. 763-788.
58. Moncrieff, A. C. M., and Hambrey, M. J., 1990, Marginal-marine glacial sedimentation in the late Precambrian succession of East Greenland, in Dowdeswell, J. A., and Scourse, J. D., eds., Glacimarine environments: London, Geological Society of London, p. 387-410.
59. Morris, R. C. and Horwitz, R. C., 1983, The origin of the iron-formation-rich Hamersley Group of Western Australia - Deposition on a platform: Precambrian Research, v. 21, p. 273-297.
60. Morris, W. A., 1977, Paleomagnetism of the Gowganda and Chibougamau Formations: Evidence for 2.200-m.y.-old folding and remagnetization event of the southern province: Geology, v. 5, p. 137-140.
61. Mustard, P. S., and Donaldson, J. A., 1987, Early Proterozoic ice-proximal glaciomarine deposition: The lower Gowganda Formation at Cobalt, Ontario, Canada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 373-387.
62. Ojakangas, R. W., 1988, Glaciation: An uncommon "mega-event" as a key to intracontinental and intercontinental correlation of early Proterozoic basin fill, North American and Baltic eratons, in Kleinspehn, K. L., and Paola, C., eds., New perspectives in basin analysis: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 431-444.
63. Pickering, K. T., Hiscott, R. N., and Hein, F. J., 1989, Deep marine environments: Clastic sedimentation and tectonics: London, Unwin Hyman, 416 p.
64. Powell, C. McA., and Horwitz, R. C., 1994, Late Archaean and early Proterozoic tectonics and basin formation of the Hamersley Ranges, in Twelfth Australian Geological Convention, Perth, Geological Society of Australia (WA Division), Excursion Guidebook, 4, 53 p.
65. Powell, C. McA., and Li, Z. X., 1991, New evidence for the age of deformation along the southern margin of the Hamersley Province: Relevance to the palaeogeographic evolution and time of iron-ore formation, Geological Society of Australia Abstracts, v. 31, p. 52-53.
66. Powell, C. McA., Li, Z. X., and Martin, D. McB., 1997, Tectonic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Ophthalmia fold belt on the southern margin of the Pilbara craton, Western Australia: Pretoria, Plumes, Plates and Mineralisation '97, Abstracts, p. 82-83.
67. Powell, R. D., 1990, Glacimarine processes at grounding-line fans and their growth to ice-contact deltas, in Dowdeswell, J. A., and Scourse, J. D., eds., Glacimarine environments: London, Geological Society of London, p. 53-73.
68. Rampino, M. R., 1994, Tillites, diamictites, and ballistic ejecta of large impacts: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 439-456.
69. Salop, L. J., 1983, Geological evolution of the Earth during the Precambrian: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 459 p.
70. 2 depletion in the atmosphere, in Medaris, L. G., Byers, C. W., Mickelson, D. M., and Shanks, W. C., eds., Proterozoic geology: Selected papers from an international Proterozoic symposium: Geological Society of America Memoir 161, p. 309-315.
71. Schmidt, P. W., and Clark, D. A., 1994, Palaeomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of Proterozoic banded-iron formations and iron ores of the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 69, p. 133-155.
72. Shultz, A. W., 1984, Subaerial debris-flow deposition in the upper Paleozoic Cutler Formation, western Colorado: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 54, p. 759-772.
73. Smith, R. E., Perdrix, J. L., and Parks, T. C., 1982, Burial metamorphism in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia: Journal of Petrology, v. 23, p. 75-102.
74. Symons, D. T. A., 1975, Huronian glaciation and polar wander from the Gowganda Formation, Ontario: Geology, v. 3, p. 303-306.
75. Thomas, G. S. P., and Connell, R. J., 1985, Iceberg drop, dump, and grounding structures from Pleistocene glacio-lacustrine sediments, Scotland: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, p. 243-249.
76. Thorne, A. M., and Seymour, D. B., 1991, Geology of the Ashburton Basin Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 139, 141 p.
77. Thorne, A. M., Tyler, I. M., and Blight, D. F., 1995, Rocklea, W.A.: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1:100 000 geological series.
78. Trendall, A. F., 1976, Striated and faceted boulders from the Turee Creek Formation - Evidence for a possible Huronian glaciation on the Australian continent: Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report 1975, p. 88-92.
79. Trendall, A. F., 1979, A revision of the Mount Bruce Supergroup: Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report 1978, p. 63-71.
80. Trendall, A. F., 1981, The lower Proterozoic Meteorite Bore Member, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia, in Hambrey, M. J., and Harland, W. B., eds., Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 555-557.
81. Trendall, A. F., and Blockley, J. G., 1970, The iron formations of the Precambrian Hamersley Group, Western Australia; with special reference to the crocidolite: Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 119, 366 p.
82. Trendall, A. F., and eleven others, 1990, Precise zircon U-Pb chronological comparison of the volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons between about 3.1 and 2.4 Ga: Perth, Australia, Third International Archaean Symposium, p. 81-83.
83. Tyler, I. M., and Thorne, A. M., 1990, The northern margin of the Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia - An example of an Early Proterozoic collision zone: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 12, p. 685-701.
84. Veevers, J. J., 1990, Tectonic-climatic supercycle in the billion-year plate-tectonic eon: Permian Pangean icehouse alternates with Cretaceous dispersed-continents greenhouse: Sedimentary Geology, v. 68, p. 1-16.
85. Visser, J. N. J., 1971, The deposition of the Griquatown Glacial Member in the Transvaal Supergroup: Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 74, p. 187-199.
86. Visser, J. N. J., 1983, The problems of recognising ancient subaqueous debris flow deposits in glacial sequences: Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 86, p. 127-135.
87. Visser, J. N. J., 1994, The interpretation of massive rain-out and debris-flow diamictites from the glacial marine environment, in Deynoux, M., Miller, J. M. G., Domack, E. W., Eyles, N., Fairchild, I. J., and Young, G. M., eds., Earth's glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 83-94.
88. Visser, J. N. J., and Loock, J. C., 1987, Ice margin influence on glaciomarine sedimentation in the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Formation from the southwestern Karoo, South Africa: Sedimentology, v. 34, p. 929-941.
89. Williams, G. E., and Schmidt, P. W., 1997, Paleomagnetism of the Paleoproterozoic Gowganda and Lorrain formations, Ontario: Low paleolatitude for Huronian glaciation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 153, p. 157-169.
90. 2 with global surface temperature and its latitudinal contrast: Geology, v. 19, p. 1161-1164.
91. Worsley, T. R., Nance, D., and Moody, J. B., 1984, Global tectonics and eustasy for the past 2 billion years: Marine Geology, v. 58, p. 373-400.
92. Young, G. M., 1970, An extensive Early Proterozoic glaciation in North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 7, p. 85-101.
93. Young, G. M., 1981a, Diamictites of the Early Proterozoic Ramsay Lake and Bruce Formations, north shore of Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada, in Hambrey, M. J., and Harland, W. B., eds., Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 813-817.
94. Young, G. M., 1981b, The Early Proterozoic Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada, in Hambrey, M. J., and Harland, W. B., eds., Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 807-816.
95. Young, G. M., 1988, Proterozoic plate tectonics, glaciation and iron-formations: Sedimentary Geology, v. 58, p. 127-144.
96. Young, G. M., 1991, Stratigraphy, sedimentology and tectonic setting of the Huronian Supergroup: Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Society of Economic Geologists Joint Meeting, Toronto '91, p. 34.
97. Young, G. M., and Nesbitt, H. W., 1985, The Gowganda Formation in the southern part of the Huronian outcrop belt, Ontario, Canada: Stratigraphy, depositional environments and regional tectonic significance: Precambrian Research, v. 29, p. 265-301.