The evidence and implications of polar ice during the Mesozoic

Earth Science Reviews

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 183-210

  Price, Gregory D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Glacial conditions; Mesozoic; Polar ice

Indexed keywords

GLACIATION; ICE CAP; MESOZOIC; PALEOCLIMATE; POLAR REGION;

EID: 0033492525     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00048-3     Document Type: Article

References (217)

1. Alley N.F., Rogers P.A. Palynology of limestone nodules as an aid to determining the age of marine Cretaceous strata in the Eromanga Basin. Geol. Surv. South Aust., Q. Geol. Notes. 94:1985;2-6.
2. Axelrod D.I. An interpretation of Cretaceous and Tertiary biota in polar regions. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 45:1984;105-147.
3. Ballance P.F., Watters W.A. The Mawson diamictite and the Carapace Sandstone Formations of the Ferrar Group at Allen Hills and Carapace Nunatak, Victoria Land, Antarctica. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 14:1971;512-527.
4. Bakker R.T. Dinosaur feeding behaviour and the origin of flowering plants. Nature. 274:1978;661-663.
5. Bakker, R.T., 1980. Dinosaur heresy-dinosaur renaissance: why we need endothermic archosaurs for a comprehensive theory of bioenergetic evolution. In: Thomas, R.D.K., Olson, E.C. (Eds.), A Cold Look at the Warm Blooded Dinosaurs. Am. Assoc. Advancement of Science Select Symp., 28, pp. 351-462.
6. Barrera E., Huber B.T., Savin S.M., Webb P.N. Antarctic marine temperatures: late Campanian through early Paleocene. Paleoceanography. 2:1987;21-47.
7. Barron E.J. A warm equable Cretaceous: the nature of the problem. Earth-Sci. Rev. 19:1983;305-338.
8. Barron E.J., Washington W.M. Atmospheric circulation during warm geological periods: is the equator-to-pole surface-temperature gradient the controlling factor? Geology. 10:1982;633-636.
9. Barron E.J., Washington W.M. The role of geographic variables in explaining paleoclimates: results from Cretaceous climate model sensitivity studies. J. Geophys. Res. 89:1984;1267-1279.
10. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. Geophysical Monograph 32, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, pp. 546-553.
11. Barron E.J., Fawcett P.J., Pollard D., Thompson S. Model simulations of Cretaceous climates: the role of geography and carbon dioxide. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;307-316.
12. Barron E.J., Fawcett P.J., Peterson W.H., Pollard D., Thompson S. A 'simulation' of mid-Cretaceous climate. Paleoceanography. 10:1995;953-962.
13. Beck, A.C., Natham, S., 1978. The late mobile phase: Cretaceous. In: Suggate, R.P. (Ed.), Stratigraphy. Nelson and Westland. Geology of New Zealand, pp. 375-379.
14. Bell M., Laine E.P. Erosion of the Laurentide region of North America by glacial and glaciofluvial processes. Quat. Res. 23:1985;154-174.
15. Bennett M.R., Doyle P. Global cooling inferred from dropstones in the Cretaceous - fact or wishful thinking. Terra Nova. 8:1996;182-185.
16. Bennett M.R., Doyle P., Mather A.E. Dropstones - their origin and significance. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 121:1996;331-339.
17. 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 294:1994;56-91.
18. Bird M.I., Chivas A.R. Stable isotope evidence for low temperature kaolinite weathering and post-formational hydrogen isotope exchange in Permian kaolinites. Chem. Geol. 72:1988;249-265.
19. Birkenmajer K.J., Narebski W. Dolerite drift blocks in marine Tertiary of Sørkapp Land and some remarks on the eastern part of this area. Norsk Polarin. Arbok. 1962:1963;68-79.
20. Bjørlykke K. Glaciations, preservation of the sedimentary record and sea level changes - a discussion based on the late Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic sequences in Norway. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 51:1985;197-207.
21. Blattner P., Williams J.G. The Largs high-latitude oxygen isotope anomaly (New Zealand) and climatic controls of oxygen isotopes in magma. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 103:1991;270-284.
22. 18O terranes tracking Mesozoic polar climates in the South Pacific Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta. 61:1997;569-576.
23. Boardman D.R., Heckel P.H. Glacial-eustatic sea-level curve for early Late Pennsylvanian sequence in north-central Texas and biostratigraphic correlation with curve for midcontinent North America. Geology. 17:1989;802-805.
24. Borns H.W., Hall B.A. Mawson 'Tillite' in Antarctica: preliminary report of a volcanic deposit of Jurassic age. Science. 166:1969;870-872.
25. Bowen, R., 1966. Paleotemperature Analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 265 pp.
26. Brandt K. Glacioeustatic cycles in the Early Jurassic? N. Jarhb. Geol. Paläontol. Mh. 5:1986;257-277.
27. Broecker W.S., Peteet D.M., Rind D. Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature. 315:1985;21-26.
28. Caldeira K., Rampino M.R. The mid Cretaceous super plume, carbon-dioxide, and global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett. 18:1991;987-990.
29. Caldeira K., Arthur M.A., Berner R.A., Lasaga A.C. Cooling in the late Cenozoic. Nature. 361:1993;123-124.
30. Casey, R., Rawson, P.F., 1973. A review of the Boreal Lower Cretaceous. In: Casey, R., Rawson, P.F. (Eds.), The Boreal Lower Cretaceous. Geol. J. Spec. Issue, 5, 131-145.
31. Cathles L.M., Hallam A. Stress-induced changes in plate density, Vail sequences, epeirogeny, and short-lived global sea level fluctuations. Tectonics. 10:1991;659-671.
32. Cecca F. Palaeobiogeography of Tethyan ammonites during the Tithonian (latest Jurassic). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 147:1999;1-37.
33. Cecioni G. Cretaceous flysch and molasse in Departmento Ultima Esperanza, Magellan Province, Chile. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 41:1957;538-564.
34. Cecioni, G., 1981a. Triassic El Toco Group, Atacama Desert, Chile. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 834.
35. Cecioni, G., 1981b. Jurassic Flamenco and Seno Rodrigues Formations of southern Chile. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 835-836.
36. Cecioni, G., 1981c. Cretaceous Lago Sofia Formation, Chilean Patagonia. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 834.
37. Chandler M.A., Rind D., Ruedy R. Pangean climate during the early Jurassic: GCM simulations and the sedimentary record of paleoclimate. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104:1992;543-559.
38. Charrier R. The Gondwana glaciation in Chile - description of alleged glacial deposits and paleogeographic conditions bearing on the extension of the ice cover in southern South America. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 56:1986;151-175.
39. Christie-Blick N., Mountain G.S., Miller K.G. Sea level history, discussion. Science. 241:1988;596.
40. Chumakov, N.M., 1981a. Mesozoic tilloids of the middle Volga, U.S.S.R. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 570.
41. Chumakov, N.M., 1981b. Scattered stones in Mesozoic deposits of northern Siberia. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 268-269.
42. Chumakov N.M. The problem of the warm biosphere. Stratigr. Correl. 3:1995;205-215.
43. Chumakov N.M. Stones scattered in Cretaceous deposits of Southern England. Lithol. Miner. Resour. 33:1998;313-326.
44. Chumakov N.M., Frakes L.A. Mode of origin of dispersed clasts in Jurassic shales; southern part of the Yana-Kolyma fold belt, North East Asia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 128:1997;77-85.
45. Cloetingh S. Intraplate stresses - a new tectonic mechanism for fluctuations of relative sea level. Geology. 14:1986;617-620.
46. Cloetingh S., McQueen H., Lambeck K. On a tectonic mechanism for regional sea level variations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 75:1985;157-166.
47. Colbert, E.H., 1962. The record of climatic changes as revealed by vertebrate paleoecology. In: White, J.F. (Ed.), Study of the Earth. Prentice-Hall, NJ.
48. Constantine A., Chinsamy A., Vickers-Rich P., Rich T.H. Periglacial environments and polar dinosaurs. S. Afr. J. Sci. 94:1998;137-141.
49. Covey C., Barron E. The role of ocean-heat transport in climatic change. Earth-Sci. Rev. 24:1988;429-445.
50. Craddock, C., Bastien, T., Rutford, R., 1964. Geology of the Jones Mountain areas. In: Adie, R. (Ed.), Antarctic Geology. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, pp. 171-187.
51. Crame J.A. Late Mesozoic bipolar bivalve faunas. Geol. Mag. 123:1986;611-618.
52. Crame J.A. Bipolar molluscs and their evolutionary implications. J. Biogeogr. 20:1993;145-161.
53. Crampton J.S. Comparative taxonomy of the bivalve families Isognomonidae, Inoceramidae and Retroceramidae. Palaeontology. 31:1988;965-996.
54. Crowell, J.C., 1982. Continental glaciation through time. In: Climate in Earth History. Studies in Geophysics. National Academy Press, pp. 164-171.
55. Crowley T.J., Kim K.-Y. Comparison of long term greenhouse projections with the geological record. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22:1995;933-936.
56. Crowley, T.J., North, G.R., 1991. Paleoclimatology. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 339 pp.
57. Dalland A. Erratic clasts in the Lower tertiary deposits of Svalbard-evidence of transport by winter ice. Norsk Polarin. Arbok. 1976:1977;151-165.
58. David, T.W.E., 1950. In: Browne, W.R. (Ed.), The Geology of the Commonwealth of Australia, Vol. 1. Arnold, London.
59. De Lurio J.L., Frakes L.A. Glendonites as a paleoenvironmental tool: Implications for early Cretaceous high latitude climates in Australia. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta. 63:1999;1034-1048.
60. Detterman, R.L., 1989. Antarctica: Cretaceous cradle of Austral temperate rainforests? In: Crame, J.A. (Ed.), Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 147, 89-105.
61. Detterman R.L., Reiser H.N., Brosgé W.P., Dutro J.T. Post-Carboniferous stratigraphy, northeastern Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 886:1975;1-46.
62. D'Hondt S., Arthur M.A. Late Cretaceous ocean and the cool tropic paradox. Science. 271:1996;1838-1841.
63. Dingle R.V., Lavelle M. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: new geochemical evidence and review. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 141:1998;215-232.
64. Dionne J.C. Sedimentary structures made by shore ice muddy tidal-flat deposits, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec. Sediment. Geol. 116:1998;261-274.
65. Ditchfield P.W. High northern palaeolatitude Jurassic-Cretaceous palaeotemperature variation: new data from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 130:1997;163-175.
66. Ditchfield P.W., Marshall J.D., Pirrie D. High latitude palaeotemperature variation: new data from the Tithonian to Eocene of James Ross island, Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 107:1994;79-101.
67. Donovan D.T., Jones E.J.W. Causes of world-wide changes in sea level. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 136:1979;187-192.
68. Dorman F.H., Gill E.D. Oxygen isotope palaeotemperature measurements on Australian fossils. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria. 71:1959;73-98.
69. Double I.S. Some boulders from the Chalk of Betchworth. Geol. Mag. 68:1931;65-71.
70. Douglas J.G., Williams G.E. Southern polar forests: the early Cretaceous floras of Victoria and their palaeoclimatic significance. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 94:1982;261-282.
71. Doumani, G.A., Minshew, V.H., 1965. General geology of the Mount Weaver area, Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica. In: Hadley, J.B. (Ed.), Geology and Palaeontology of the Antarctic. Antarctic Res. Ser. (Am. Geophys. Union), 6, pp. 127-139.
72. Doyle P. Lower Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous belemnite biogeography and the development of the Mesozoic Boreal realm. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 61:1987;237-254.
73. Embry, A.F., 1984. Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous stratigraphy, sedimentology and petroleum geology, Sverdrup Basin. CSPG-CSEG Nat. Conv. 49-50.
74. Enay R., Cariou E. Ammonite faunas and palaeobiogeography of the Himalayan belt during the Jurassic: initiation of a late Jurassic Austral ammonite fauna. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 134:1997;1-38.
75. Epshteyn O.G. Mesozoic-Cenozoic climates of northern Asia and glacial-marine deposits. Int. Geol. Rev. 20:1978;49-58.
76. Eyles N. Earth's glacial record and its tectonic setting. Earth-Sci. Rev. 35:1993;1-248.
77. Eyles, N., Eyles, C.H., 1992. Glacial depositional systems. In: Walker, R.G., James, N.P. (Eds.), Facies Models, Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, pp. 73-100.
78. Eyles, N., Paul, M.A., 1983. Landforms and sediments resulting from former periglacial climates. In: Eyles, N. (Ed.), Glacial Geology. Pergamon, pp. 111-139.
79. Fassell, M.L., Bralower, T.J., 1999. A warm, equable mid-Cretaceous: stable isotope evidence. In: Barrera, E., Johnson, C.C. (Eds.), Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 332 (in press).
80. Fawcett, P.J., Barron, E.J., Robison, V.D., Katz, 1994. The climatic evolution of India and Australia from the Late Permian to mid-Jurassic: a comparison of climate model results with the geological record. In: Klein, G.D. (Ed.), Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics and Sedimentation during Accretion, Zenith and Breakup of a Supercontinent. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 288, pp. 139-157.
81. Ferguson K.M., Gregory R.T., Constantine A. Secular changes in the carbon and oxygen isotopic record from high latitude Cretaceous sediments. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Prog. 22:1993;A196.
82. Ferguson, K.M., Gregory, R.T., Constantine, A., 1999. Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) secular changes in the oxygen and carbon isotope record from high paleolatitude, fluvial sediments, southeast Australia: comparisons to the marine record. In: Barrera, E., Johnson, C.C. (Eds.), Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 332 (in press).
83. Folk R.L. Glacial deposits identified by chattermark trails in detrital garnets. Geology. 3:1975;473-475.
84. Frakes, L.A., 1979. Climates through Geologic Time. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 310 pp.
85. Frakes, L.A., 1999. Estimating the global thermal state from Cretaceous sea surface and continental temperature data. In: Barrera, E., Johnson, C.C. (Eds.), Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 332 (in press).
86. Frakes L.A., Francis J.E. A guide to Phanerozoic cold polar climates from high latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous. Nature. 333:1988;547-549.
87. Frakes L.A., Krassay A.A. Discovery of probable ice-rafting in the late Mesozoic of the Northern Territory and Queensland. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 39:1992;115-119.
88. Frakes, L.A., Francis, J.E., Syktus, J.I., 1992. Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 274 pp.
89. Frakes L.A., Alley N.F., Deynoux M. Early Cretaceous ice rafting and climate zonation in Australia. Int. Geol. Rev. 37:1995;567-583.
90. Francis J.E. Growth rings in Cretaceous and Tertiary wood from Antarctica and their paleoclimatic implications. Palaeontology. 29:1986;665-684.
91. Francis, J.E., Frakes, L.A., 1993. Cretaceous climates. In: Wright, V.P. (Ed.), Sedimentology Review 1. Blackwell, pp. 17-30.
92. Golbert A.V. O termicheskoy kharakteristike mezozoyskikh i kaynozoyskikh klimatov Servernoy Azii (v svyazi s priznakami ledovogo perenosa megaklastov). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol. 6:1979;128-132. in Russian.
93. Goldhammer R.K., Dunn P.A., Hardie L.A. High-frequency glacio-eustatic sea level oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in northern Italy. Am. J. Sci. 287:1987;853-892.
94. Gravenor C.P. The nature of the Late Palaeozoic glaciation in Gondwana as determined from an analysis of garnets and other heavy minerals. Can. J. Earth Sci. 16:1979;1137-1153.
95. Gregory R.T., Douthitt C.B., Duddy I.R., Rich P., Rich T.H. Oxygen isotope composition of carbonate concretions from the Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia: implications for the evolution of meteoric waters on the Australian continent in a paleopolar environment. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 92:1989;27-42.
96. Gunn B.M., Warren G. Geology of Victoria Land between the Mawson and Mudlock glaciers, Antarctica. Bull. N. Z. Geol. Surv. 71:1962;1-157.
97. Hallam, A., 1972. Diversity and density characteristics of Pliensbachian-Toarcian molluscan and brachiopod faunas of the North Atlantic margins. Lethaia, 389-412.
98. Hallam, A., 1975. Jurassic Environments. Cambridge Univ. Press, 269 pp.
99. Hallam, A., 1984. Distribution of fossil marine invertebrates in relation to climate. In: Brenchley, P.J. (Ed.), Fossils and Climate. Wiley, London, pp. 107-125.
100. Hallam, A., 1992. Phanerozoic Sea Level Changes. Columbia Univ. Press, 266 pp.
101. Hallam A. Jurassic climates as inferred from the sedimentary and fossil record. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;287-296.
102. Hallam, A., 1994. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography. Oxford Univ. Press, 246 p.
103. Hallam A. Estimates of the amount and rate of sea level change across the Rhaetian-Hettangian and Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundaries (latest Triassic to early Jurassic). J. Geol. Soc. (London). 154:1997;773-779.
104. Hallam A. The determination of Jurassic environments using palaeoecological methods. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 169:1998;681-687.
105. Hallam, A., 1998b. Interpreting sea level. In: Doyle, P., Bennett, M.R. (Eds.), Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record: Advances in Modern Stratigraphy. Wiley, pp. 421-439.
106. Hallam A., Grose J.A., Ruffell A.H. Palaeoclimatic significance of changes in clay mineralogy across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in England and France. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 81:1991;173-187.
107. Hambrey, M.J., 1981. A Jurassic diamictite, South Victoria Land, East Antarctica. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 220-221.
108. Hambrey, M.J., 1994. Glacial Environments. UCL Press, London, 296 pp.
109. Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), 1981. Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1004 pp.
110. Hammer W.R., Hickerson W.J. A crested theropod dinosaur from Antarctica. Science. 264:1994;828-830.
111. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science. 235:1987;1156-1167.
112. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Sea level history - response. Science. 241:1988;601-602.
113. Harland W.B., Herod K.N., Krinsley D.H. The definition and identification of tills and tillites. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2:1966;255-256.
114. Harris W.H., Mathews R.K. Subaerial diagenesis of carbonate sediments: efficiency of the solution-reprecipitation process. Science. 160:1968;77-79.
115. Hawkes L. The erratics of the Cambridge Greensand - their nature, provenance and mode of transport. Quat. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 99:1943;257-268.
116. Hawkes L. The erratics of the English Chalk. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 62:1951;257-268.
117. Hay, W.W., Leslie, M.A., 1990. Could possible changes in global groundwater reservoir cause eustatic sea level fluctuations? In: Revelle, R. (Ed.), Sea Level Change. National Research Council Studies in Geophysics, Washington. National Academy Press, pp. 161-170.
118. Herman A.B., Spicer R.A. New quantitative palaeoclimate data for the late Cretaceous Arctic: Evidence for a warm polar ocean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 128:1997;227-251.
119. Hsü K.J., Winterer E.L. Discussion on causes of world-wide changes in sea level. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 137:1980;509-510.
120. Huber B.T., Hodell D.A., Hamilton C.P. Middle-Late Cretaceous climate of the southern high latitudes: stable isotopic evidence for minimal equator-to-pole thermal gradients. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 107:1995;1164-1191.
121. Jacobs D.K., Sahagian D.L. Climate induced fluctuations in sea level during non-glacial times. Nature. 361:1993;710-712.
122. 13C anomaly Geol. Mag. 128:1991;603-632.
123. Kaplan M.E. Calcite pseudomorphoses in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Northern Area of Eastern Siberia. Geol. Geofiz. 19:1978;62-70.
124. Kellogg H.E. Tertiary stratigraphy and tectonism in Svalbard and continental drift. Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 59:1975;465-485.
125. Kemper E. Über Kalt und Warmzeiten der Unterkreide. Zitteliana. 10:1983;359-369.
126. Kemper E. Das Klima der Kreide-Zeit. Geol. Jahrb., Reihe A. 96:1987;5-185.
127. Kennett J.P. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctic, and their impact on global paleoceanography. J. Geophys. Res. 82:1977;3843-3860.
128. Krinsley, D.H., Doornkamp, J.C., 1973. Atlas of Quartz Sand Surface Textures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 91 pp.
129. Kutzbach, J., 1994. Idealized Pangean climates: sensitivity to orbital change. In: Klein, G.D. (Ed.) Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics and Sedimentation during Accretion, Zenith and Breakup of a Supercontinent. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 288, pp. 41-55.
130. Kutzbach J., Gallimore R.G. Pangean climates: megamonsoons of the megacontinent. J. Geophys. Res. 94:1989;3341-3357.
131. Larson R.L. Latest pulse of Earth - evidence for a mid Cretaceous superplume. Geology. 19:1991;547-550.
132. Lehmann C., Oseleger D.A., Montañez I.P. Controls on cyclostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous carbonates and evaporites, Cupido and Coahuila Platforms, northeastern Mexico. J. Sediment. Res. 68:1998;1109-1130.
133. Lini A., Weissert H., Erba E. The Valanginian isotope event: a first episode of greenhouse climate conditions during the Cretaceous. Terra Nova. 4:1992;374-384.
134. Liu C., Heinze M., Fürsich F.T. Bivalve provinces in the Proto-Atlantic and along the southern margin of the Tethys in the Jurassic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 137:1998;127-151.
135. Lowenstam H.A., Epstein S. Paleotemperatures of the post-Aptian Cretaceous as determined by the oxygen-isotope method. J. Geol. 62:1954;207-248.
136. Malartre F., Ferry S., Rubino J.-L. Interactions climat-eustatisme-tectonique. Les enseignements et persepectives du Crétace Supérieur (Cénomanian-Coniacien). Geodin. Acta (Paris). 11:1998;253-270.
137. Markwick, P.J., Rowley, D.B., 1998. The geological evidence for Triassic to Pleistocene glaciations: implications for eustacy. In: Pindell, J., Drake, C.L. (Eds.), Paleogeographic Evolution and Non-Glacial Eustacy: Northern South America. SEPM Spec. Publ., 58, pp. 17-43.
138. Masetti D., Neri C., Bosellini A. Deep-water asymmetric cycles and progradation of carbonate platforms governed by high-frequency eustatic oscillations (Triassic of the Dolomites, Italy). Geology. 19:1991;336-339.
139. 18O record and glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations Geology. 8:1981;501-504.
140. Miall A.D. Exxon global cycle chart - an event for every occasion. Geology. 20:1992;787-790.
141. Miall A.D. Exxon global cycle chart - an event for every occasion - reply. Geology. 21:1993;284-285.
142. Miall A.D. Sequence stratigraphy and chronostratigraphy: problems of definition and precision in correlation, and their implications for global eustasy. Geosci. Canada. 21:1994;1-26.
143. Middlemiss, F.A., 1984. Distribution of Lower Cretaceous Brachiopods and its relation to climate. In: Brenchley, P.J. (Ed.), Fossils and Climate. Wiley, London, pp. 165-170.
144. Miller K.G., Fairbanks R.G., Mountain G.S. Tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis, sea level history and continental margin erosion. Paleoceanography. 2:1987;1-19.
145. Moore G.T., Hayashida D.N., Ross C.A., Jacobson S.R. Paleoclimate of the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian (Late Jurassic) world: I. Results using a general circulation model. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 93:1992;113-150.
146. Mutterlose J. Migration and evolution patterns of floras and faunas in marine early Cretaceous sediments of NW Europe. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 94:1992;261-282.
147. Mutterlose J. The Barremian-Aptian turnover of biota in northwestern Europe: evidence from belemnites. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 144:1998;175-181.
148. Noe-Nygaard A. Erratics of the Danish Maastrichtian and Danian marine limestones. Bull. Geol. Soc. Den. 24:1975;75-81.
149. Oglesby R.J. A GCM study of Antarctic glaciation. Clim. Dyn. 3:1989;135-156.
150. Olivero, E.B., Gasparini, Z., Rinaldi, C.A., Scasso, R., 1991. First record of dinosaurs in Antarctica (Upper Cretaceous James Ross Island): palaeogeographical implications. In: Thompson, M.R.A., Crame, J.A., Thompson, J.W. (Eds.), Geological Evolution of Antarctica. Cambridge Univ. Press, London, pp. 617-622.
151. Oyarzun R., Doblas M., Lopez Ruiz J., Cebria J.M., Youbi N. Tectonically-induced icehouse-greenhouse climate oscillations during the transition from the Variscan to the Alpine cycle (Carboniferous to Triassic). Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 170:1999;3-11.
152. Parrish J.T., Ziegler A.M., Scotese C.R. Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 40:1982;67-102.
153. Parrish J.M., Parrish J.T., Hutchson J.H., Spicer R.A. Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from the North Slope of Alaska and implications for dinosaur ecology. Palaios. 2:1987;377-389.
154. Parrish J.T., Daniel I.L., Kennedy E.M., Spicer R.A. Palaeoclimatic significance of mid-Cretaceous floras from the middle Clarence Valley, New Zealand. Palaios. 13:1998;149-159.
155. Philippe M., Thevenard F. Distribution and palaeoecology of the Mesozoic wood genus Xenoxylon: palaeoclimatological implication for the Jurassic of western Europe. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 91:1996;353-370.
156. Pickton, C.A.G., 1981. Palaeogene and Cretaceous dropstones in Spitsbergen. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 567-569.
157. Pirrie D., Marshall J.D. High-paleolatitude late Cretaceous paleotemperatures - new data from James Ross Island, Antarctica. Geology. 18:1990;31-34.
158. Pirrie D., Doyle P., Marshall J.D., Ellis G. Cool Cretaceous climates - new data from the Albian of Western Australia. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 152:1995;739-742.
159. Plint, A.G., 1991. High-frequency relative sea level fluctuations in Upper Cretaceous shelf clastics of Alberta Forehand Basin: possible evidence for a glacio-eustatic control? In: MacDonald, D.I.M. (Ed.), Sedimentation, Tectonics and Eustasy. Spec. Publ. Assoc. Sedimentologists, 12, pp. 408-428.
160. Prentice M.L., Mathews R.K. Tertiary ice-sheet dynamics - the snow gun hypothesis. J. Geophys. Res. 96:1991;6811-6827.
161. Price G.D., Sellwood B.W. Warm palaeotemperatures from high late Jurassic palaeolatitudes (Falkland Plateau): ecological, environmental or diagenetic controls? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 129:1997;315-327.
162. Price G.D., Sellwood B.W., Valdes P.J. Sedimentological evaluation of General Circulation Model simulations for the greenhouse Earth: Cretaceous and Jurassic case studies. Sediment. Geol. 100:1995;159-180.
163. Price G.D., Sellwood B.W., Pirrie D. Discussion of Middle-Late Cretaceous climate of the southern high latitudes: stable isotopic evidence for minimal equator-to-pole thermal gradients. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 108:1996;1192-1193.
164. Price G.D., Valdes P.J., Sellwood B.W. Quantitative palaeoclimate GCM validation: late Jurassic and mid Cretaceous case studies. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 154:1997;769-772.
165. Price G.D., Sellwood B.W., Corfield R.M., Clarke L., Cartlidge J.E. Isotopic evidence for palaeotemperatures and depth stratification of Middle Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from the Pacific Ocean. Geol. Mag. 135:1998;183-191.
166. Price G.D., Valdes P.J., Sellwood B.W. A comparison of GCM simulated Cretaceous 'Greenhouse' and 'Icehouse' climates: implications for the sedimentary record. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 142:1998;123-138.
167. Ramstein G., Fluteau F., Massin V. Existence of an ice cap during the mid-Cretaceous period (120-90 Ma): an AGCM investigation. Ann. Glaciol. 25:1997;198-202.
168. Rawson, P.F., 1973. Lower Cretaceous (Ryazanian-Barremian) marine connections and cephalopod migrations between the Tethyan and Boreal Realms. In: Casey, R., Rawson, P.F. (Eds.), The Boreal Lower Cretaceous. Geol. J. Spec. Issue 5, pp. 131-145.
169. Raymo M.E., Ruddiman W.F. Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature. 359:1992;117-122.
170. Read J., Francis J. Responses of some southern-hemisphere tree species to a prolonged dark period and their implications for high-latitude Cretaceous and Tertiary floras. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 99:1992;271-290.
171. Retallack G.J., Alonso-Zarza A.M. Middle Triassic paleosols and paleoclimate of Antarctica. J. Sedim. Res. 68:1998;169-184.
172. Riboulleau A., Baudin F., Daux V., Hantzpergue P., Renard M., Zakharov V. Évolution de la paléotempérature de eaux de la plate-forme russe au cours du Jurassique supérieur. Compt. Rendus Acad. Sci. (Paris). 326:1998;239-246.
173. Rich P.V., Rich T.H., Wagstaff B.E., McKewen-Mason J., Douthitt C.B., Gregory R.T., Felton E.A. Evidence for low temperatures and biologic diversity in Cretaceous high latitudes of Australia. Science. 242:1988;1403-1406.
174. Rind D. Latitudinal temperature gradients and climate change. J. Geophys. Res. 103D:1998;5943-5971.
175. Rind D., Chandler M.A. Increased Ocean heat transports and warmer climate. J. Geophys. Res. 96D:1991;7437-7461.
176. Robin G. De Q. The Antarctic ice sheet, its history and response to sea level and climate changes over the changes 100 million years. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 67:1988;31-50.
177. Rowley D.B., Markwick P.J. Haq et al. eustatic sea level curve: implications for sequestered water volumes. J. Geol. 100:1992;103-715.
178. Ruffell A.H., Batten D.J. The Barremian-Aptian arid phase in western Europe. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 80:1990;197-212.
179. Sahagian D., Pinous O., Olferiev A., Zakharov V. Eustatic curve for the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous based on Russian platform and Siberian stratigraphy: zonal resolution. Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 80:1996;1433-1458.
180. Schmidt K., Schreyer E.D. Erratische Gerölle im Turon (Soester Grünsand) des südöstlichen Münsterlandes (Westfalen). Neues Jarhb. Geol. Paläontol. Mh. 5:1973;297-312.
181. Scott K.M. Sedimentology and dispersal pattern of Cretaceous flysch sequence Patagonian Andes, southern Chile. Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 50:1966;72-107.
182. Seffinga G. Possible evidence of glacial conditions during the Julian substage of the Carnian (Upper-Triassic). Proc. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen B-Palaeontol. Geol. Phys. Chem. Anthropol. 91:1988;91-100.
183. Sellwood B.W., Price G.D. Sedimentary facies as indicators of Mesozoic palaeoclimate. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;225-233.
184. Sellwood B.W., Price G.D., Valdes P.J. Cooler estimates of Cretaceous temperatures. Nature. 370:1994;453-455.
185. Shackleton, N.J., Kennett, J.P., 1975. Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation: oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277, 279 and 281. In: Kennett, J.P., Houtz, R.E. et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 29. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 743-756.
186. Sheard M.J. Glendonites from southern Eromanga Basin in South Australia: palaeoclimatic indicators for Cretaceous ice. Geol. Surv. S. Aust. Q. Notes. 114:1990;17-23.
187. Shearman D.J., Smith A.J. Ikaite, the parent mineral of jarrowite-type pseudomorphs. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 96:1985;305-314.
188. Simms M.J., Ruffell A.H. Climatic and biotic change in the late Triassic. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 147:1990;321-327.
189. Sloan L.C., Barron E.J. "Equable" climates during Earth history? Geology. 18:1990;489-492.
190. Smith, A.G., Smith, D.G., Funnell, B.M., 1994. Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines. Cambridge Univ. Press, 99 pp.
191. Spicer R.A., Corfield R.M. A review of terrestrial and marine climates in the Cretaceous with implications for modelling the 'greenhouse Earth'. Geol. Mag. 129:1992;169-180.
192. Spicer R.A., Parrish J.T. Palaeobotanical evidence for cool north polar climates in middle Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) time. Geology. 14:1986;703-706.
193. Spicer R.A., Parrish J.T. Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary paleoclimates of northern high latitudes: a quantitative view. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 147:1990;329-341.
194. Spicer R.A., Rees P.McA., Chapman J.L. Cretaceous phytogeography and climate signals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;277-286.
195. Stein, C., Smith, A.J., 1986. Authigenic carbonate nodules in the Nankai Trough, Site 583. In: Kagami, H., Karig, D.H. et al. (Eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 87. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp. 659-668.
196. Stevens, G.R., 1973. Cretaceous belemnites. In: Hallam, A. (Ed.), Atlas of Paleobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 385-401.
197. Stevens G.R., Clayton R.N. Oxygen isotope studies on Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites from New Zealand and their biogeographic significance. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 14:1971;829-897.
198. Stoll H.M., Schrag D.P. Evidence of glacial control of rapid sea level changes in the early Cretaceous. Science. 272:1996;1771-1774.
199. Tajika E. Climate change during the last 150 million years: reconstruction from a carbon cycle model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160:1998;695-707.
200. Tarduno, J.A., Brinkman, D.B., Renne, P.R., Cottrell, R.D., Scher, H., Castillo, P., 1998. Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from the late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates. Science, 2241-2244.
201. Tokuyama A. On the late Triassic sedimentary facies of Japan. Jpn. J. Geol. Geogr. 32:1961;279-292.
202. Tulloch A.J., Palmer K. Tectonic implications of granite cobbles from the mid Cretaceous Pororari Group, southwest Nelson, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 33:1990;205-217.
203. Urey H.C., Lowenstam H.A., Epstein S., McKinney C.R. Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures of the Upper Cretaceous of England, Denmark, and the southeastern United States. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 62:1951;399-416.
204. Vail P.R., Haq B.U. Sea level history - response. Science. 241(4865):1988;599.
205. Valdes, P.J., Sellwood, B.W., Price, G.D., 1995. Modelling Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations. In: House, M.R., Gale, A.S. (Eds.), Orbital Forcing Timescales and Cyclostratigraphy. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 85, pp. 115-132.
206. Valdes P.J., Sellwood B.W., Price G.D. Evaluating concepts of Cretaceous equability. Palaeoclimates. 1:1996;139-158.
207. Waterhouse, J.B., Flood, P.G., 1981. Poorly sorted conglomerates, breccias and diamictites in late Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments of New Zealand. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 438-446.
208. Weissert H. C-Isotope stratigraphy, a monitor of palaeoenvironmental change: a case study from the early Cretaceous. Surv. Geophys. 10:1989;1-161.
209. Weissert, H., Lini, A., 1991. Ice Age interludes during the time of Cretaceous greenhouse climate? In: Mueller, D.W. McKenzie, J.A., Weissert, H. (Eds.), Controversies in Modern Geology. Academic Press, London, pp. 173-191.
210. Wilson P.A., Opdyke B.N. Equatorial sea-surface temperatures for the Maastrichtian revealed through remarkable preservation of metastable carbonate. Geology. 24:1996;555-558.
211. Wilson, K.M., Pollard, D., Hay, W.W., Thompson, S.L., Wold, C.N., 1994. General circulation model simulations of Triassic climates: Preliminary results. In: Klein, G.D. (Ed.), Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics and Sedimentation during Accretion, Zenith and Breakup of a supercontinent. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 288, pp. 91-116.
212. Wing S.L., Greenwood D.R. Fossils and fossil climate: the case for equable continental interiors in the Eocene. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;243-252.
213. Wolfe, J.A., 1979. Temperature parameters of humid to mesic forests of eastern Asia and relation to forests of other regions of the northern hemisphere and Australasia. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1106, 37 pp.
214. Woolfe, K.J., Francis, J.E., 1991. An early to middle Jurassic glaciation - evidence from Allan Hills, Transantarctic mountains. In: 6th International Symp. Antarctic Earth Sciences, Japan, pp. 652-653.
215. Woolnough W.G., David T.W.E. Cretaceous glaciation in central Australia. Quat. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 82:1926;332-351.
216. Yuelin, W., Songnian, L., Zhenjia, G., Weixing, L., Guogan, M.A., 1981. Sinian tillites of China. In: Hambrey, M.J., Harland, W.B. (Eds.), Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 386-401.
217. Ziegler A.M., Parrish J.M., Jiping Y., Gyllenhaal E.D., Rowley D.B., Parrish J.T., Shangyou N., Bekker A., Hulver M.L. Early Mesozoic phytogeography and climate. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B. 341:1993;297-305.