Preventing Dementia: Why We Should Focus on Health Promotion Now

International Psychogeriatrics

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 111-119

  Lautenschlager, Nicola T ^a   Almeida, Osvaldo P ^a   Flicker, Leon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Health promotion; Prevention

Indexed keywords

HOMOCYSTEINE; LIPID;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DIET; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDITORIAL; EXERCISE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MENTAL HEALTH; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; STROKE;

AGED; DEMENTIA; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION DYNAMICS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0242381779     PISSN: 10416102     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610203008809     Document Type: Editorial

References (52)

1. Almeida, O. P., Hulse, G. K., Lawrence, D., & Flicker, L. (2002). Smoking as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Contrasting evidence from a systematic review of case-control and cohort studies. Addiction, 97, 15-28.
2. Barberger-Gateau, P., Letenneur, L., Deschamps, V., et al. (2002). Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: Cohort study. BMJ, 325, 932-933.
3. Bosch, J., Yusuf, S., Pogue, J., et al. (2002). Use of ramipiril in preventing stroke: Double blind randomised trial. BMJ, 324, 1-5.
4. Bush, A. I. (2001). Therapeutic targets in the biology of Alzheimer's disease. Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 341-348.
5. Chandra, R. K. (2001). Effect of vitamin and trace-element supplementation on cognitive function in elderly subjects. Nutrition, 17, 709-712.
6. Clarke, R., Smith, A. D., Jobst, K. A., et al. (1998). Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 55, 1449-1455.
7. Cooper, B. (2002). Thinking preventively about dementia: A review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 895-906.
8. de la Torre, J. C. (2002). Alzheimer's disease as a vascular disorder: Nosological evidence. Stroke, 33, 1152-1162.
9. Doody, R. S., Stevens, J. C., Beck, C., et al. (2001). Practice parameter: Management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Neurology, 56, 1154-1166.
10. Fassbender, K., Simons, M., Germann, C., et al. (2001). Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid peptides Aβ42 and Aβ40 in vitro and in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 5856-5861.
11. Forette, F., Seux, M.-L., Staessen, J. A., et al. (1998). Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet, 352, 1347-1351.
12. Forette, F., Seux, M.-L., Staessen, J. A., et al. (2002). The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2046-2052.
13. Frears, E., Stephens, D., Walters, C., et al. (1999). The role of cholesterol in the biosynthesis of beta-amyloid. Neuroreport, 10, 1699-1705.
14. González-Gross, M., Marcos, A., & Pietrzik, K. (2001). Review article: Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly. British Journal of Nutrition, 86, 313-321.
15. Grant, W. B. (1999). Dietary links to Alzheimer's disease: 1999 update. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 1, 197-201.
16. Guo, Z., Fratiglioni, L., Zhu, L., et al. (1999). Occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and older: Relationship of antihypertensive medication use. Archives of Neurology, 56, 991-996.
17. Hachinski, V. (1992). Preventable senility: A call for action against the vascular dementias. Lancet, 340, 645-648.
18. Hankey, G. J. (2002). Is homocysteine a causal and treatable risk factor for vascular disease of the brain (cognitive impairment and stroke). Annals of Neurology, 51, 279-280.
19. Hofman, A., Ott, A., Breteler, M. M. B., et al. (1997). Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet, 249, 151-154.
20. Hyman, B., Strickland, D., & Rebeck, W. (2000). Role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in β-amyloid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 57, 646-650.
21. Jick, H., Zornberg, G. L., Jick, S. S., et al. (2000). Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet, 356, 1629-1631.
22. Kalaria, R. N. (2000). The role of cerebral ischemia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 321-330.
23. Kivipelto, M., Helkala, E.-L., Hänninen, T., et al. (2001a). Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment. A population-based study. Neurology, 56, 1683-1689.
24. Kivipelto, M., Helkala, E.-L., Laakso, M. P., et al. (2001b). Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Longitudinal, population based study. BMJ, 322, 1447-1451.
25. Kivipelto, M., Helkala, E.-L., Laakso, M. P., et al. (2002). Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Medicine, 137, 149-155.
26. Launer, L. J., Webster Ross, G., Petrovitch, H., et al. (2000). Midlife blood pressure and dementia: The Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 49-55.
27. Laurin, D., Verreault, R., Lindsay, J., et al. (2001). Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Archives of Neurology, 58, 498-504.
28. Murray, M. D., Lane, K. A., Gao, S., et al. (2002). Preservation of cognitive function with antihypertensive medications. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 2090-2096.
29. Petrovitch, H., White, L. R., Izmirilian, G., et al. (2000). Midlife blood pressure and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain weight at death: The HAAS. Neurobiology of Aging, 21, 57-62.
30. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. (2001). Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet, 358, 1033-1041.
31. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. (2003). Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 1069-1075.
32. Regier, D. A., Kaelber, C. T., Farmer, M. E., et al. (1998). Limitations of diagnostic criteria and assessment instruments for mental disorders. Implications for research and policy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 109-115.
33. Rockwood, K., Kirkland, S., Hogan, D. B., et al. (2002). Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Archives of Neurology, 59, 223-227.
34. Sachdev, P. S., Valenzuela, M., Wang, X. L., et al. (2002). Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals. Neurology, 58, 1539-1541.
35. Sano, M., Ernesto, C., Thomas, R. G., et al. (1997). A controlled trial of selegeline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1216-1222.
36. Scahill, R. I., Schott, J. M., Stevens, J. M., et al. (2002). Mapping the evolution of regional atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: Unbiased analysis of fluid-registered serial MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 4703-4707.
37. Schrader, J., & Lüders, S. (2002). Preventing stroke: High risk patients should receive ramipiril irrespective of their blood pressure. BMJ, 324, 687-688.
38. Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., et al. (2002). Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 476-483.
39. Silverman, D. H. S., Small, G. W., Chang, C. Y., et al. (2001). Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia. Regional brain metabolism and long-term outcome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 2120-2127.
40. Simons, M., Keller, P., De Strooper, B., et al. (1998). Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of β-amyloid in hippocampal neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, 6460-6464.
41. Simons, M., Schwärzler, F., Lütjohann, D., et al. (2002). Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Annals of Neurology, 52, 346-350.
42. Skoog, I., Bodil, L., Stern, L., et al. (1996). 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet, 347, 1141-1145.
43. Tabet, N., Birks, J., Grimley Evans, J., Orrel, M., & Spector, A. (2002). Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease (Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library (Issue 3). Oxford, England: Update Software.
44. Tanzi, R., & Bertram, L. (2001). New frontiers in Alzheimer's disease genetics. Neuron, 32, 181-184.
45. Teunissen, C. E., de Vente, J., Steinbusch, H. W. M., et al. (2002). Biochemical markers related to Alzheimer's dementia in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neurobiology of Aging, 23, 485-508.
46. Tzourio, C., Dufouil, C., Ducimetière, P., et al. (1999). Cognitive decline in individuals with high blood pressure. Neurology, 53, 1948-1952.
47. van Exel, E., de Craen, J. M., Gussekloo, J., et al. (2002). Association between high-density lipoprotein and cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Annals of Neurology, 51, 716-721.
48. Vermeer, S. E., van Dijk, E. J., Koudstaal, P. J., et al. (2002). Homocysteine, silent brain infarcts, and white matter lesions: The Rotterdam Scan Study. Annals of Neurology, 51, 285-289.
49. Wilson, R. S., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Barnes, L. L., et al. (2002). Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 742-748.
50. World Health Organization. (1998). Population ageing-A public health challenge (Fact Sheet No. 135). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
51. Yusuf, S., Sleight, P., Progue, J., et al. (2000). Effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipiril, on cardiovascular events in high risk patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 145-153.
52. Zekry, D., Hauw, J.-J., & Gold, G. (2002). Mixed dementia: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 1431-1438.