Plants Used in Cosmetics

Phytotherapy Research

Volumn 17, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 987-1000

  Aburjai, Talal ^a   Natsheh, Feda M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Cosmetics; Essential oils; Hair care; Natural; Skin care

Indexed keywords

ALOE VERA EXTRACT; ANTHRAQUINONE; ARTEMISIA VULGARIS EXTRACT; CASTOR OIL; CATECHIN; CHAMOMILE; COCONUT OIL; COLORING AGENT; COSMETIC; CURCUMIN; EMOLLIENT AGENT; ESSENTIAL OIL; FLAVONOID; GINSENG EXTRACT; GLYCYRRHIZA EXTRACT; GROWTH PROMOTOR; HAIR DYE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; ISOFLAVONE; NATURAL PRODUCT; OCIMUM BASILICUM EXTRACT; OLIVE OIL; ONION EXTRACT; PERFUME; PLANT EXTRACT; SCAVENGER; SUNFLOWER OIL; THEOBROMA OIL; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACNE; AGING; ALLERGY; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BURNING SENSATION; CLOVER; CONTACT DERMATITIS; CUCUMBER; CUMIN; CURCUMA LONGA; DANDRUFF; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRY SKIN; ECZEMA; ELASTICITY; FENUGREEK; GARLIC; GLYCYRRHIZA; HAIR; HAIR COLOR; HAIR DISEASE; HAIR GROWTH; HAIR LOSS; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; MANGO; NONHUMAN; OAT; PEA; PUMPKIN; REVIEW; ROSEMARY; SALVIA OFFICINALIS; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN CARE; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN INFECTION; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TEA; THYME; TREATMENT INDICATION; WALNUT;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; COSMETICS; HAIR PREPARATIONS; HUMANS; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT OILS;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 0242331651     PISSN: 0951418X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1363     Document Type: Review

References (192)

1. Agarwala OP. 1997. Whole leaf aloe gel vs. standard aloe gel. Drug Cosmet Indust Feb: 22-28.
2. Aggag ME, Yousef RT. 1972. Study of antimicrobial activity of chamomile oil. Planta Med 22: 140-144.
3. Agiga T, Seki T. 2000. Flavor components of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and their multiple functions. Aroma Res 1: 16-27.
4. Aikawa Y. 2002. Topical preparations containing mango seed kernel oils. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 5: JP20002322074.
5. Akhtar MW, Iqbal MZ, Nawazish MN. 1980. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of pumpkin seed oil. J Sci Res 32: 295-300.
6. Al-Ghamdi MS. 2001. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. J Ethnopharmacol 76: 45-48.
7. Ali BH, Bashir AK, Tanira MOM. 1995. Anti-inflammatory anti-pyretic, and analgesic effects of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) in rats. Pharmacology 51: 356-363.
8. Ali R, Sayeed SA. 1997. Lawsone: phenolic of henna and its potential use in protein-rich foods and staining. ACS Symp Series 662: 223-244.
9. Ammon HPT, Wahl MA. 1991. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med 57: 1-7.
10. Aniya Y, Shimabukuro M, Shimoji M, et al. 2000. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb Artemisia campestris from the Okinawa islands. Biol Pharm Bull 23: 309-312.
11. Ankri S, Mirelman D. 1999. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect 1: 125-129.
12. Arquette DJ, Bailyn EM, Palenske J, Bergman D De Vorn, Rheins LA. 1998. Non-comedogenic and hypoallergenic properties of jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil. J Cosm Sci 49: 377-383.
13. Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan VM. 1996. Anticarcinogenic effects of the essential oils from cumin, poppy and basil. Phytother Res 10: 577-580.
14. Arunachalam K. 1980. Antimicrobial activity of garlic and onion extracts. Pharmazie 38: 747-748.
15. Aruoma OI, Spencer JP, Rossi R, et al. 1996. An evaluation of the antioxidant and antiviral action of extracts of rosemary and Provencal herbs. Food Chem Toxicol 34: 449-456.
16. Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, Bagchi M, Tran MX, Stochs SJ. 1997. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 95: 179-189.
17. Baratta MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Biondi DM, Ruberto G. 1998a. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. J Essent Oil Res 10: 618-627.
18. Baratta MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Figueiredo C, Barroso JG, Ruberto G, 1998b. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils. Flav Fragr J 13: 235-244.
19. Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI. 2001. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 1st edn. Marcel Dekker: London.
20. Barnetson RSC, Bassett I, Pannowitz D. 1990. A comparative study of tea tree oil vs. benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med J Aust 15: 455-458.
21. Boelens MH. 1991. A critical review on the chemical composition of Citrus oils. Perfum Flav 16: 17-34.
22. Boelens MH. 1995. Chemical and sensory evaluation of Lavandula oils. Perfum Flav 20: 23-51.
23. Boiceanu S, Constantinescu D, Dumitrescu E, Paraschiv V, Teodorescu E. 1986. Hair preparation. Rom 2: RO88523.
24. Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. 1995. Vitis vinifera L. Fitoterapia 65: 291-317.
25. Brand C, Grimbaldeston MA, Gamble JR, Drew J, Finlay-Jones JJ, Hart PH. 2002. Tea tree oil reduces the swelling associated with the efferent phase of a contact hypersensitivity response. Inflamm Res 51: 236-244.
26. Brown HH, Arquette JD, Dwyer K, Reinhard J, Roeding J. 1993. A new sunflower-hybrid oil with excellent oxidative stability. Seifen, Oele, Fette, Wachse 119: 640-645.
27. Bruneton J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Lavoisier Publishing: Paris.
28. Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L. 1994. Aromatherapy use of fragrances and essential oils as medicaments. Flav Frag J 9: 217-222.
29. Budhiraja S, Cullum E, Sioutis S, Evangelista L, Habanota T. 1999. Biological activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil component, terpene-4-ol, in human myelocytic cell line HL-60. J Manipul Physiol Ther 22: 447-453.
30. Budiyanto A, Ahmed NU, Wu A, et al. 2000. Protective effect of topically applied olive oil against photocarcinogenesis following UVB exposure of mice. Carcinogenesis 21: 2085-2090.
31. Burits M, Bucar F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother Res 14: 323-328.
32. Calabrese V, Randazzo SD, Catalano C, Rizza V. 1999. Biochemical studies on a novel antioxidant from lemon oil and its biotechnological application in cosmetic dermatology. Drugs Exp Clin Res 25: 219-225.
33. Carle R, Gomaa K. 1992. Chamomile: a pharmacological and clinical profile. Drugs Today 28: 559-565.
34. Carson CF, Cookson BD, Farrelly HD, Riley TV. 1995. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J Antimicrobiol Chemother 35: 421-424.
35. Carson CF, Riley TV. 1994. Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. Lett Appl Microbiol 19: 24-25.
36. Carson CF, Riley TV. 1995. Anti-microbial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia. J Appl Bacteriol 78: 264-269.
37. Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM. 2002. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res 16: 301-308.
38. Choi JH, Byun DS. 1986. Studies on anti-aging action of garlic, Allium sativum L. (I). Comparative study of garlic and ginseng components on anti-aging action. Han'guk Saenghwa Hakhoechi 19: 140-146.
39. Choi JH, Oh SK. 1984. Studies on the anti-aging action of Korean ginseng (11). The inhibitory effects of diol and triol saponins on lipoperoxide formation. Han'guk Saenghwa Hakhoechi 17: 445-455.
40. Choi JH, Oh SK. 1985. Studies on the anti-aging action of Korean ginseng. Han'guk Sikp'um Kwahakhoechi 17: 506-515.
41. Colgate SM, Molyneux RJ. 1993. Bioactive Natural Products - Detection, Isolation, and Structural Determination. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 9-34.
42. Conner DE, Beuchat LR. 1984. Effects of essential oils from plants on growth of food spoilage yeast. J Food Sci 49: 429-434.
43. Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL, et al. 2000. The mode of antibacterial action of the essential oil. J Appl Microbiol 88: 170-175.
44. Croteau R, Karp F. 1991. Perfume: Art, Science and Technology. Elsevier Applied Sciences: New York; 101-126.
45. Curri SB, Gezzi A, Longhi MG, Castelpietra R. 1986. Dermocosmetic activity of ginsenosides. Note III: Long-term evaluation of the moisturizing and tonifying effect on the face skin. Fitoterapia 57: 217-222.
46. Davis RH, DiDonato JJ, Hartman GM, Hass RC. 1994a. Antiinflammatory and wound healing activity of a growth substance in Aloe vera. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 84: 77-81.
47. Davis RH, DiDonato JJ, Johnson RW, Stewart CB. 1994b. Aloe vera, hydrocortisone, and sterol influence on wound tensile strength and antiinflammation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 84: 614-621.
48. Davis RH, Leitner MG, Russo JM, Byrne ME. 1989a. Wound healing: Oral and topical activity of Aloe vera. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 79: 559-562.
49. Davis RH, Rosenthal KY, Cesario LR, Rouw GA. 1989b. Processed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 79: 395-397.
50. Deans SG, Ritchie G. 1987. Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils. Intern J Food Microbiol 5: 165-180.
51. Deans SG, Svoboda KP, Gundidza M, Brechany EY. 1992. Essential oil profiles of several temperate and tropical aromatic plants: their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Acta Hortic 306: 229-232.
52. De la Puerta R, Martinez-Dominguez E, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. 2000. Effect of minor components of virgin olive oil on topical antiinflammatory assays. J Biosci 55: 814-819.
53. Dellutri J. 1986. All purpose cleaner containing d-limonene. U.S. Patent 3pp US4620937.
54. Dorsch W. 1996. Allium cepa L. (onion). Part 2: Chemistry, analysis and pharmacology. Phytomedicine 3: 391-397.
55. Dorsch W, Ring J. 1984. Suppression of immediate and late anti-IgE-induced skin reactions by topically applied alcohol/onion extract. Allergy 39: 43-49.
56. Dorsch W, Schneider E, Bayer T, Breu W, Wagner H. 1990. Antiinflammatory effects of onions: inhibition of chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by thiosulfinates and cepaenes. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 92: 39-42.
57. Dull BJ. 1997. Oat oil for personal-care products. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 77-81.
58. Dweck AC. 1996. Botanicals - research of actives. Cosmet Toiletries 111: 45-57.
59. Dweck AC. 1997a. African fragranced plants. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 47-54.
60. Dweck AC. 1997b. African plants. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 41-51.
61. Dweck AC. 1997c. Indian plants. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 37-51.
62. Dweck AC. 1997d. Skin treatment with plants of the Americas. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 47-64.
63. Elmets C, Singh D, Tubesing K, Matsui M, Katiyar S, Mukhtar H. 2001. Cutaneous photoprotection from ultraviolet injury by green tea polyphenols. J Am Acad Dermatol 44: 425-432.
64. Faoagali J, George N, Leditschke JF. 1997. Does tea tree oil have a place in the topical treatment of burns? Burns 23: 349-351.
65. Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, et al. 2002. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol 138: 1462-1470.
66. Fourneau C, Laurens A, Hocquemiller R, Cave A. 1996. Radical scavenging evaluation of green tea extracts. Phytother Res 10: 529-530.
67. Fritz TM, Burg G, Krasovec M. 2001. Allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics containing Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Ann Dermatol Venereol 128: 123-126.
68. Fyfe L, Armstrong F, Stewart J. 1998. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteriditis by combination of plant oils and derivatives of benzoic acid: the development of synergistic antimicrobial combinations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 9: 195-199.
69. Garcia OJC, Terron M, Bellido J. 1997. Contact allergy to henna. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114: 298-299.
70. Gezzi A, Longhi MG, Mazzoleni R, Curri SB. 1986. Dermocosmetic activity of ginsenosides. Note II: Instrumental evaluation of cutaneous hydration and elasticity. Fitoterapia 57: 15-28.
71. Griffiths G, Trueman L, Crowther T, Thomas B, Smith B. 2002. Onions - a global benefit to health. Phytother Res 16: 603-615.
72. Grindlay D, Reynolds T. 1986. The Aloe vera phenomenom: a review of the properties and modern uses of the leaf parenchyma gel. J Ethnopharm 16: 117-151.
73. Hailat N, Batinheh Z, Lafi S, et al. 1995. Effect of Nigella sativa volatile oil on Jurkat T cell leukemia polypeptides. Int J Pharmacog 33: 16-20.
74. Halder J, Bhaduri AN. 1998. Protective role of black tea against oxidative damage of human red blood cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244: 903-907.
75. Hammer A, Carson F, Riley V. 1998, In vitro activity of essential oils, in particular Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and tea tree oil products, against Candida spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 42: 591-595.
76. Harding CR, Moore AE, Rogers JS, Meldrum H, Scott AE, McGlone FP. 2002. Dandruff: a condition characterized by decreased levels of intercellular lipids in scalp stratum corneum and impaired barrier function. Arch Dermatol Res 294: 221-230.
77. Hart J, Polla C, Hull JC. 1998. Oat fractions. Cosmet Toiletries 113: 45-52.
78. Hayashi K, Kamiya M, Hayashi T. 1995. Virucidal effects of the steam distillate from Houttuynia cordata and its components on HSV-1, influenza virus and HIV. Planta Med 61: 237-241.
79. Heggers JP, Pelley RP, Robson MC, 1993. Beneficial effects of Aloe in wound healing. Phytother Res 7: S48-S52.
80. Heng MCY. 1999. Use of curcumin in treatment of psoriasis, inflammation, skin wounds, burns, and eczemas. PCT Int Appl. 76pp WO9942094.
81. Hoermann HP, Korting HC. 1994. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: Part I: Antiinflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1: 161-171.
82. Huang MT, Lysz T, Ferraro T, Abidi TF, Laskin JD, Conney AH. 1991. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res 51: 813-819.
83. Huang MT, Smart RC, Wong CQ, Conney AH. 1988. Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res 48: 5941-5946.
84. Hughes BG, Lawson LD. 1991. Antimicrobial effects of Allium sativum L. (garlic), Allium ampeloprasum L. (elephant garlic), and Allium cepa L. (onion), garlic compounds and commercial garlic supplement products. Phytother Res 5: 154-158.
85. Hunter D, Frumkin A. 1991. Adverse reactions to vitamin E and Aloe vera preparations after dermabrasion and chemical peal. Cutis 47: 193-194.
86. Inaoka Y, Fukushima M, Kuroda H. 1988. Hair tonics containing aloenin. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 3: JP63198615.
87. Ito K, Nagai I. 1994. Cosmetics containing menthol derivatives. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 9: JP6329528.
88. Kameyama S. 1995. Application and consideration of medicinal plants for hair care products. Frag J 23: 28-34.
89. Katiyar SK, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. 2000. Green tea and skin. Arch Dermatol 136: 989-994.
90. Katiyar SK, Elmets CA. 2001. Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants and skin photoprotection. Int J Oncol 18: 1307-1313.
91. Khan MA. 1999. Chemical composition and medicinal properties of Nigella sativa Linn. Inflammopharmacology 7: 15-35.
92. Kim EA, Kim GN, Kil JE, et al. 1998a. Thermostability of superoxide dismutase from cucumber (Cucumis sativa). Han'guk Sikp'um Yongyang Kwahak Hoechi 27: 1105-1109.
93. Kim H-M, Cho S-H. 1999. Lavender oil inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in mice and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 51: 221-226.
94. Kim HY, Jin SH, Kim SI. 1989. Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid and ginseng saponin on hyperkeratinization of guinea pig skin. Koryo Insam Hakhoechi 13: 248-253.
95. Kim SH, Jeong KS, Ryu SY, Kim TH. 1998b. Panax ginseng prevents apoptosis in hair follicles and accelerates recovery of hair medullary cells in irradiated mice. In Vivo 12: 219-222.
96. Klein AD, Penneys NS. 1988. Aloe vera. J Am Acad Dermatol 18: 714-720.
97. Kobayashi N, Suzuki R, Koide C, Suzuki T, Matsuda H, Kubo M. 1993. Effect of leaves of Ginkgo biloba on hair regrowth in C3H strain mice. Yakugaku Zasshi 113: 718-724.
98. Koga T, Hirota N, Takumi K. 1999. Bactericidal activities of essential oils of basil and sage against a range of bacteria and the effect of these essential oils on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Res 154: 267-273.
99. Korwek EL. 1986. FDA Regulation of Food Ingredients Produced by Biotechnology. Food Technology 40: 70-74.
100. Kranke B, Komericki P, Aberer W. 1997. Olive oil - contact sensitizer or irritant? Contact Dermat 36: 5-10.
101. Lachowicz KJ, Jones GP, Briggs DR, et al. 1998. The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid-tolerant food microflora. Lett Appl Microbiol 26: 209-214.
102. Lee OS, Kang HH, Han SH. 1997. Oriental herbs in cosmetics. Cosmet Toiletries 112: 57-64.
103. Lee YH, Lee SJ, Jan JK, Park SY, Lee HK. 2000. Grape seed extracts as tyrosinase inhibitors and their uses as drugs, cosmetics, and food. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 10: JP2000159681.
104. Liu CX, Xiao PG. 1992. Recent advances on ginseng research in China. J Ethnopharmacol 36: 27-38.
105. Loncar C. 1996. Formulating personal care products with hydrolyzed oat protein. Household Personal Prod Indust 33: 85-87.
106. Maffei FR, Carini M, Aldini G, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Morelli R. 1994. Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera - a mechanism for their capillary protective action. Arzneimittel forsch 44: 592-601.
107. Majmudar G, Rogers KE. 1999. Skin lightening cosmetic containing magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and Uninontan-U34 (extract formulation of cucumber extract and lemon extract). PCT Int Appl 31: WO9949878.
108. Mangena T, Muyima NY. 1999. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Artemisia afra, Pteronia incana and Rosmarinus officinalis on selected bacteria and yeast strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 28: 291-296.
109. Manna C, Della Ragione F, Cucciolla V, et al. 1999. Biological effects of hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol from olive oil endowed with antioxidant activity. Adv Exp Med Biol 472: 115-130.
110. Marks A. 1997. Herbal extracts in cosmetics. Agro-Food-Industry Hi-Tech 8: 28-31.
111. Matsumura Y. 2001. Transparent solid soap using hardened castor oil. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 4: JP2001152197.
112. Matura M, Goossens A, Bordalo O, et al. 2002. Oxidized citrus oil (R-limonene): a frequent skin sensitizer in Europe. J Am Acad Dermatol 47: 709-714.
113. Mazumber A, Raghavan K, Weinstein J, Kohn KW, Pommer Y. 1995. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase by curcumin. Biochem Pharmacol 49: 1165-1170.
114. Meadows TP. 1980. Aloe as a humectant in new skin preparations. Cosmet Toiletries 95: 51-56.
115. Meister B. 1963. A bath oil high in phospholipid content. J Am Geriatr Soc 11: 789-791.
116. Mesa MD, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Aguilera CM, Gil A. 2000. Nutritional and pharmacological effects of Curcuma longa L. extracts. Rec Res Develop Nutr Res 3: 157-171.
117. Middleton E. 1984. The flavonoids. Trends Pharmacol Sci (TIPS) 5: 335-338.
118. Miller AR, Kelley TJ, Mujer CV. 1990. Anodic peroxidase isoenzymes and polyphenol oxidase activity from cucumber fruit: tissue and substrate specificity. Phytochemistry 29: 705-709.
119. Mitscher LA, Jung M, Shankel D, Dou JH, Steele L, Pillai SP. 1997. Chemoprotection: a review of the potential therapeutic antioxidant properties of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and certain of its constituents. Med Res Rev 17: 327-365.
120. Miyahara T, Sanbe A. 2002. Medicinal and cosmetic compositions containing retinoic acid derivatives. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 27: JP2002293746.
121. Miyazawa T. 2000. Absorption, metabolism, and antioxidative effects of tea catchin in humans. BioFactors 13: 55-59.
122. Morsi NM. 2000. Antimicrobial effect of crude extracts of Nigella sativa on multiple antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Acta Microbiol Polon 49: 63-74.
123. Morton JF. 1981. Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America-Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles. C Thomas: Sprinfield, Illinois.
124. Muenzing HP, Schels H. 1972. Possibilities of replacement of preservative in cosmetics by essential oils. J Soc Cosmet Chem 23: 841-852.
125. Mutabagani A, El-Mahdy SA. 1997. M. A study of the antiinflammatory activity of Nigella sativa L. and thymoquinone in rats. Saudi Pharm J 5: 110-113.
126. Nenoff P, Haustein UF, Brandt W. 1996. Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) against pathogenic fungi in vitro. Skin Pharmacol 9: 388-394.
127. Nesterova OV, Samylina IA, Bobylev RV, Miroshnikov AI. 1990. Study of physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of pumpkin oil. Farmatsiya 39: 75-76.
128. Nour SA, Abd Elhady SE, Ghourab M. 1993. A natural coloring agent from Hibiscus sabdariffa. Bull Fac Pharm 31: 387-392.
129. Olukoga A, Donaldson D. 1998. Historical perspectives on health. The history of liquorice: the plant, its extract, cultivation, commercialisation and etymology. J R Soc Health 118: 300-304.
130. Orafidiya LO, Agbani EO, Oyedele AO, Babalola OO, Onayemi O. 2002. Preliminary clinical tests on topical preparations of Ocimum gratissimum Linn leaf essential oil for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Clin Drug Invest 22: 313-319.
131. Orthoefer FT. 2002. High phospholipid-containing dermatological compositions. US Pat Appl Publ 9: US2002012648.
132. Ozaki K, Kawata Y, Amano S, Hanazawa S. 2000. Stimulatory effect of curcumin on osteoclast apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 59: 1577-1581.
133. Pan H, Huang L, Zhou Z, Liang G, Hong X, Huan Z. 1993. Experimental studies on anti-aging effect of total saponin from stalk and leaf of Sanchi (Panax notoginseng). Zhongcaoyao 24: 581-584.
134. Parameswaran TN, Kalra A, Mehta VK, Radhakrishnan K. 2000. Chemical control of tip burn and blight of scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under South Indian hill conditions. J Med Arom Plant Sci 22(1B): 666-668.
135. Passi S. 2002. Cosmetic formulations comprising lipids, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-free-radical agents. PCT Int Appl 16: WO0226207.
136. Pathak D, Pathak K, Singla A. 1991. Flavonoids as medical agents - recent advances. Fitoterapia LXII: 371-389.
137. Paton D, Bresciani S, Nam Fong Han, Hart J. 1995. Oats: chemistry, technology and potential uses in the cosmetic industry. Cosmet Toiletries 110: 63-70.
138. Perricone NV. 2001. Treatment of skin disorders with olive oil polyphenols. PCT Int Appl 16: WO0176579.
139. Phan TT, See P, Lee ST, Chan SY. 2001. Protective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage on skin cells in vitro: Its implication for wound healing. J Trauma: Injury, Infect Crit Care 51: 927-931.
140. Pietta P. 2000. Flavonoids as antioxidant. J Nat Prod 63: 155-161.
141. Pietta P, Simonetti P, Mauri P. 1998. Antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants. J Agric Food Chem 46: 4487-4490.
142. Priest D. 1999. Tea tree oil in cosmeceuticals: from head to toe. Med Arom Plants Indust Profiles 9: 203-206.
143. Pulla Reddy Ach, Lokesh BR. 1994. Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Food Chem Toxic 32: 279-283.
144. Purohit P, Kapsner TR. 1994. Natural essential oils; functional benefits. Cosmet Toiletries 109: 51-55.
145. Rao BR, Kaul PN, Syamasundar KV, Ramesh S. 2002. Water soluble fractions of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil. Bioresour Technol 84: 243-246.
146. Rao TS, Basu N, Siddiqui HH. 1982. Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin analogs. Indian J Med Res 75: 574-578.
147. Ravikumar P, Anuradha CV. 1999. Effects of fenugreek seeds on blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in diabetic rats. Phytother Res 13: 197-201.
148. Reynolds T, Dweck AC. 1999. Aloe vera leaf gel: a review update. J Ethnopharmacol 68: 3-37.
149. Safahyi H, Sabieraj J, Sailer E-R, Ammon HPT. 1994. Chamazulene: an antioxidant-type inhibitor of leukotriene B4 formation. Planta Med 60: 410-413.
150. Saller R, Berger T, Reichhling J, Harkenthal M. 1998. Pharmaceutical and medicinal aspects of Australian tea tree oil. Phytomedicine 5: 489-495.
151. Satchell AC, Saurajen A, Bell C, Barnetson RS. 2002. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol 47: 852-855.
152. Sato N. 2002. Topical cleansing cosmetics. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 7: JP2002145761.
153. Scartezzini P, Speroni E. 2000. Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 23-43.
154. Schreiner V, Schoenrock U, Staeb F, Max H, Sandhoff K, Doering T. 1999. Cosmetic or dermatologic preparations containing catechins or green tea extract. PCT Int Appl 27: WO9962478.
155. Shah NC. 1982. Herbal folk medicine in Northen India. J Ethnopharmacol 6: 294-295.
156. Shapiro S, Meier A, Guggenhein B. 1996. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and essential oil components towards oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 9: 202-208.
157. Shelton RM. 1991. Aloe vera; its chemical and therapeutic properties. Int J Dermatol 30: 679-683.
158. Shen Z, Mishra V, Imison B, Palmer M, Fairclough R. 2002. Use of adsorbent and supercritical carbon dioxide to concentrate flavor compounds from orange oil. J Agric Food Chem 50: 154-160.
159. Siegers CP. 1992. Allium sativum. In Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, De Smet PA et al. (eds), vol. 1. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; 73-76.
160. Singh S, Majumdar DK. 1997. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of fatty acids of Ocimum sanctum fixed oil. Indian J Exp Biol 35: 380-383.
161. Singh S, Majumdar DK. 1999. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil). J Ethnopharmacol 65: 13-19.
162. Sivropoulou A, Papanikolaou E, Nikolaou C, Kok-kini S, Lanaras T, Arsenakis M. 1996. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Origanum essential oils. J Agric Food Chem 44: 1202-1205.
163. Skold M, Borje A, Matura M, Karlberg AT. 2002. Studies on the autoxidation and sensitizing capacity of the fragrance chemical linalool, identifying a linalool hydroperoxide. Contact Dermat 46: 267-272.
164. Sreejayan Rao MN. 1994. Curcuminoids as potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. J Pharm Pharmacol 46: 1013-1016.
165. Strickland FM, Pelley RP, Kripke ML. 1994. Prevention of ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact and delayed hypersensitivity by Aloe barbadensis gel extract. J Invest Dermatol 102: 197-204.
166. Sur P, Chaudhuri T, Vedasiromoni JR, Gomes A, Ganguly DK. 2001. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of saponins of tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. kuntze] root extract. Phytother Res 15: 174-176.
167. Svoboda KP, Deans SG. 1995. Biological activities of essential oils from selected aromatic plants. Acta Hortic 390: 203-209.
168. Takahashi T, Kamiya T, Yokoo Y. 1998. Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds promote proliferation of mouse hair follicle cells in vitro and convert hair cycle in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol 78: 428-432.
169. Tanaka H, Okada T. 1991. Effect of Panax ginseng on the production of glycosaminoglycans in cultured human skin fibroblast. Frag J 19: 90-91.
170. Tassou CC, Drosinos EH, Nychas GJE. 1995. Effects of essential oil from mint (Mentha piperita) on Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes in model food systems at 4° and 10 °C. J Appl Bact 78: 593-600.
171. Tehara T, Hachimaki H. 2002. Antiallergic cosmetic or topical compositions containing olive extracts. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 11: JP2002332238.
172. Tokutake S, Yamakoshi J. 2001. Functional application of grape seed polyphenols. New Food Industry 43: 1-9.
173. Tonnesen HH. 1992. Chemistry of curcumin and curcuminoids. ACS Symposium Series 506 (Phenolic Compd Food Their Eff Health I): 143-153.
174. Toppozada HH, Mazloum HA, El-Dakhakhny M. 1965. Antibacterial properties of Nigella sativa seeds: Active principle with some clinical applications. J Egypt Med Ass 48: 187-202.
175. Tranggono RIS. 2000. The influence of SPA products treatment for skin-care. J Appl Cosmetol 18: 177-184.
176. Trapp SC, Croteau RB. 2001. Genomic organization of plant terpene synthases and molecular evolutionary implications. Genetics 158: 811-832.
177. Udupa SI, Udupa AL, Kulkarni DR. 1994. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of Aloe vera. Fitoterapia 65: 141-145.
178. Uhe G. 1974 (Jan-Mar). Medicinal plants of Samoa. Econ Bot 28: 8.
179. Unnikrishnan MK, Rao MN. 1995. Inhibition of nitrite induced oxidation of hemoglobin by curcuminoids. Pharmazie 50: 490-492.
180. van Boven M, Daenens P, Maes K, Cokelaere M. 1997. Content and composition of free sterols and free fatty alcohols in jojoba oil. J Agric Food Chem 45: 1180-1184.
181. van Boven M, Holser RA, Cokelaere M, Decuypere E, Govaerts C, Lemey J. 2000. Characterization of triglycerides isolated from jojoba oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 77: 1325-1328.
182. Wagner H, Wierer M, Bauer R. 1986. In vitro inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by essential oils and phenolic compounds. Planta Med 3: 184-187.
183. Wenker NT. 1999. Therapeutic skin conditioner and moisturizer. U.S. 2: US5972362.
184. Weseler A, Geiss HK, Saller R, Reichling J. 2002. Antifungal effect of Australian tea tree oil on Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from canines suffering from cutaneous skin disease. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 144: 215-221.
185. Widyarini S, Spinks N, Husband AJ, Reeve VE. 2001. Isoflavonoid compounds from red clover (Trifolium pratense) protect from inflammation and immune suppression induced by UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 74: 465-470.
186. Yokozawa T, Dong E, Nakagawa T, et al. 1998. In vitro and in vivo studies on the radical-scavenging activity of tea. J Agric Food Chemi 46: 2143-2150.
187. Yonenaga M. 2001. Henna leaf extracts and makeup materials containing henna. Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho Patent JP2001335496.
188. Yu H, Xu G, Zhao X, Wang S. 2001. Antioxidation effect of polyhydroxystilbene extracted from grape seed in hyperlipidemia rabbits Shandong Yike Daxue Xuebao 39: 547-548.
189. Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Mahassini N, Alaoui K, Amarouch H, Hassar M. 2002. Acute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Phytomedicine 9: 69-74.
190. Zawahry ME, Hegazy MR, Helal M. 1973. Use of aloe in treating leg ulcers and dermatoses. Int J Dermatol 12: 68-73.
191. Zhao J, Jin X, Yaping E, Zheng ZS, Zhang YJ, Athar M. 1999b. Photoprotective effect of black tea extracts against UVB-induced phototoxicity in skin. Photochem Photobiol 70: 637-644.
192. Zhao JF, Zhang YJ, Jin XH, et al. 1999a. Green tea protects against psoralen plus ultraviolet A-induced photochemical damage to skin. J Invest Dermatol 113: 1070-1075.