Gene therapy for stroke

International Review of Neurobiology

Volumn 55, Issue , 2003, Pages 243-269

  Abe, K ^a   Zhang, W R ^a  

^a OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS;

EID: 0141818022     PISSN: 00747742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(03)01011-0     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Abe, K. (2000). Therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factors and neural stem cells against ischemic brain injury. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 20, 1393-1408.
2. Abe, K., and Hayashi, T. (1997). Expression of the GDNF gene in rat brain after transient MCA occlusion. Brain Res. 776, 230-234.
3. Abe, K., and Kogure, K. (1993). Selective gene expression after brain ischemia. Prog. Brain Res. 96, 221-236.
4. Abe, K., Tanzi, R. E., and Kogure, K. (1991). Induction of HSP70 mRNA after transient ischemia in gerbil brain. Neurosci. Lett. 125, 166-168.
5. Abe, K., Aoki, M., Kawagoe, J., Yoshida, T., Hattori, A., Kogure, K., and Itoyama, Y. (1995). Ischemic delayed neuronal death: A mitochondrial hypothesis. Stroke 26, 1478-1489.
6. Abe, K., Hayashi, T., and Itoyama, Y. (1997a). Amelioration of brain edema by topical application of GDNF in reperfused rat brain. Neurosci. Lett. 231, 37-40.
7. Abe, K., Setoguchi, Y., Hayashi, T., and Itoyama, Y. (1997b). In vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and the expression in ischemic and reperfused rat brain. Brain Res. 763, 191-202.
8. Aoki, H., Onodera, H., Yae, T., Jian, Z., and Kogure, K. (1993). Neural grafting to ischemic CA1 lesions in the rat hippocampus: An autoradiographic study. Neuroscience 56, 345-354.
9. Arakawa, Y., Sendtner, M., and Thoenen, H. (1990). Survival effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on chick embryonic motoneurons in culture: Comparison with other neurotrophic factors and cytokines. J. Neurosci. 10, 3507-3515.
10. Barbin, G., Manthorpe, M., and Varon, S. (1984). Purification of the chick eye ciliary neurotrophic factor. J. Neurochem. 43, 1468-1478.
11. Barth, A., Barth, L., and Newell, D. W. (1996). Combination therapy with MK-801 and alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone enhances protection against ischemic neuronal damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Exp. Neurol. 141, 330-336.
12. Betz, A. L., Yang, G. Y., and Davidson, B. L. (1995). Attenuation of stroke size in rats using an adenoviral vector to induce overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15, 547-551.
13. Breakfield, X. O. (1993). Gene delivery into the brain using virus vectors. Nat. Genet. 3, 187-189.
14. Charriaut-Marlangue, C., Margaill, I., Represa, A., Popovici, T., Plotkine, M., and Ben-Ari, Y. (1996). Apoptosis and necrosis after reversible focal ischemia: An in situ DNA fragmentation analysis. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16, 186-194.
15. Cornelli, M. C., Guidolin, D., Seren, M. S., Zanoni, R., Canella, R., Rubini, R., and Manev, H. (1993). Time course, localization and pharmacological modulation of immediate early inducible genes, BDNF and trkB mRNAs in the rat brain following photochemical stroke. Neuroscience 55, 473-490.
16. Craig, C. G., Tropepe, V., Morshead, C. M., Reynolds, B. A., Weiss, S., and van der Kooy, D. (1996). In vivo growth factor expansion of endogenous subependymal neural precursor cell populations in the adult mouse brain. J. Neurosci. 16, 2649-2658.
17. Culotta, E. (1993). New startups move in as gene therapy goes commercial. Science 260, 914-915.
18. Danko, I., Fritz J. D., Latendresse, J. S., Herweijer, H., Schltz, E., and Wolf J. A. (1993). Dystrophin expression improves myofiber survival in mdx muscle following intramuscular plasmid DNA injection. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 2055-2061.
19. Deng, C., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Zhou, F., Kuo, A., and Leder, P. (1996). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is a negative regulator of bone growth. Cell 84, 911-921.
20. Doetsch, F., Doetsch, F., Caille, I., Lim, D. A., Garcia-Verdugo J. M., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (1999). Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 97, 703-716.
21. Eriksson, P. S., Perfilieva, E., Bjork-Eriksson, T., Alborn, A. M., Nordborg, C., Peterson, D. A., and Gage, F. H. (1998). Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat. Med. 4, 1313-1317.
22. Ferrari, F. K., Xiao, X., McCarty, D., and Samulski, R. J. (1997). New developments in the generation of Ad-free, high-liter rAAV gene therapy vectors. Nat. Med. 3, 1295-1297.
23. Fink, D. J., Sternberg, L. R., Weber, P. C., Mata, M., Goins, W. F., and Glorioso J. C. (1992). In vivo expression of b-galactosidasc in hippocampal neurons by HSV-mediated gene transfer. Hum. Gene Ther. 3, 11-19.
24. Fischer, S., Sharma, H. S., Karliczek, G. F., and Schaper, W. (1995). Expression of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor in pig cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and its upregulation by adenosine. Mol. Brain Res. 28, 141-148.
25. Flax J. D., Aurora, S., Yang, C., Simonin, C., Wills, A. M., Billinghurst, L. L. Jendoubi, M., Sidman, R. L., Wolfe, J. H., Kim, S. U., and Snyder, E. Y. (1998). Engraftable human neural stem cells respond to developmental cues, replace neurons, and express foreign genes. Nat. Biotechnol. 16, 1033-1039.
26. Fujimura, M., Morita-Fujimura, Y., Murakami, K., Kawase, M., and Chan, P. H. (1998). Cytosolic redistribution of cytochrome c after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 1239-1247.
27. Gould, E., Reeves, A. J., Graziano, M. S., and Gross, C. G. (1999). Neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult primates. Science 286, 548-552.
28. Hayashi, T., Abe, K., Suzuki, H., and Itoyama, Y. (1997). Rapid induction of VEGF gene after transient MCA occlusion in rat. Stroke 28, 2039-2044.
29. Hayashi, T., Abe, K., and Itoyama, Y. (1998). Reduction of ischemic damage by application of VEGF in rat brain after transient ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 887-895.
30. Heistad, D. D., and Faraci, F. M. (1996). Gene therapy for cerebral vascular disease. Stroke 27, 1688-1693.
31. Henderson, C. E., Phillips, H. S., Pollock, R. A., Davies, A. M., Lemeulle, C., Armanini, M., Simpson, L. C., Moffet, B., Vandlen, R. A., Koliatsos, V. E., and Rosenthal, A. (1994). GDNF: A potent survival factor for motoneurons present in peripheral nerve and muscle. Science 266, 1062-1064.
32. Herman, D. M., Kilic, E., Kugler, S., Isenmann, S., and Bahr, M. (2001). adino virus-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression protects against subsequent cortical cold injury in rats. J Neurobiol Dis. 8, 964-973.
33. Higashiyama, S., Iwamoto, R., Goishi, K., Raab, G., Taniguchi, N., Klagsbrun, M., and Mekada, E. (1995). The membrane protein CD9/DRAP 27 potentiates the juxtacrine growth factor activity of the membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. J. Cell Biol. 128, 929-938.
34. Hodges, H., Virley, D., Williams, C., Ridley, R. M., Sinden, J. D., Kershaw, T. R., Harland, S., Gray, J. A., and Lantos, P. L. (1997). Facial CA1 grafts promote recovery from cognitive deficits induced by excitotoxic damage to the CA1 field in marmosets. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17(Suppl. 1), S451.
35. Hodges, H., Virley, D., Ridley, R. M., Sinden, J. D., Kershaw, T. R., French, S., Harland, S., Gray, J. A., and Lantos, P. L. (1999). Conditionally immortal MHP36 cells restore cognitive function in marmosets after excitotoxic hippocampal CA1. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19(Suppl. 1), S617.
36. Horie, H., Inagaki, Y., Sohma, Y., Nozawa, R., Okawa, K., Hasegawa, M., Muramatsu, N., Kawano, H., Horie, M., Koyama, H., Sakai, I., Takeshita, K., Kowada, Y., Takano, M., and Kadoya, T. (1999). Galectin-1 regulates initial axonal growth in peripheral nerves after axotomy. J. Neurosci. 19, 9964-9974.
37. Hu, J., Saito, T., Abe, K., and Deguchi, T. (1997). Increase of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the ischemic rat brain as determined by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. Neurol. Res. 19, 593-598.
38. Humpel, C., Hoffer, B., Stronberg, I., Bektesh, S., Collins, F., and Olson, L. (1994). Neurons of the hippocampal formation express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA in response to kainate-induced excitation. J Neuroscience 59, 791-795.
39. Ijichi, A., Sakuma, S., and Tofilon, P. J. (1995). Hypoda-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in normal rat astrocyte cultures. Glia 14, 87-93.
40. Ip, N., Yi, Y. P., van de Stadt, L, Panayotatos, N., Alderson, R. F., and Lindsay, R. M. (1991). Ciliary neurotrophic factor enhances neuronal survival in embryonic rat hippocampal cultures. J. Neurosci. 11, 3124-3134.
41. Iwai, M., Abe, K., Kitagawa, H., and Hayashi, T. (2001a). Gene therapy with adenovirus-mediated GDNF and neural stem cells activation after ischemic brain injury. Hum. Cell 14, 27-38.
42. Iwai, M., Hayashi, T., Seki, T., Zhang, W. R., Sato, K., Manabe, Y., and Abe, K. (2001). Induction of PSA-NCAM in postischemic gerbil hippocampus mainly dissociated with neural stem cell proliferation. Brain Res. 902, 288-293.
43. Jessell, T. M., and Sanes, J. R. (2000). The generation and survival of nerve cells. In "Principles of Neural Science," 4th ed. (E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, and T. M.Jessell, Eds.), pp. 1041-1062. MacGraw-Hill, New York.
44. Johansson, C. B., Momma, S., Clarke, D. L., Risling, M., Lendahl, U., and Frisen, J. (1999). Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Cell 96, 25-34.
45. Kafri, T., Blomer, U., Peterson, D. A., Gage, F. H., and Verma, I. M. (1997). Sustained expression of genes delivered directly into liver and muscle by lentiviral vectors. Nat. Genet. 17, 314-317.
46. Karpati, G., Lochmuller, H., Nalbantoglu, J., and Durham, H. (1996). The principles of gene therapy for the nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 19, 49-54.
47. Kato, T., Nakano, S., Kogure, K., Sasaki, H., Koiwai, K., Yamasaki, Y., Katagiri, T., and Sasaki, H. (1992). The binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to ischemic neurons in the rat. J Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 18, 282-290.
48. Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (1999). New nerve cells for the adult brain. Sci. Am. 280, 48-53.
49. Kitagawa, H., Abe, K., Hayashi, T., Mitsumoto, H., Koga, N., and Itoyama, Y. (1998a). Ameliorative effect of GDNF on brain edema after permanent MCAO in rats. Neurol. Res. 20, 333-336.
50. Kitagawa, H., Hayashi, T., Mitsumoto, Y., Koga, N., Itoyama, Y., and Abe, K. (1998b). Reduction of ischemic brain injury by topical application of GDNF after permanent MCAO in rats. Stroke 29, 1417-1422.
51. Kitagawa, H., Setoguchi, Y., Fukuchi, Y., Mitsumoto, Y., Mori, T., and Abe, K. (1998c). Induction of DNA fragmentation and HSP 72 immunoreactivity by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in normal gerbil hippocampus and ventricle. J. Neurosci. Res. 54, 38-45.
52. Kitagawa, H., Sasaki, C., Sakai, K., Mori, A., Mitsumoto, Y., Mori, T., Fukuchi, Y., Setoguchi, Y., and Abe, K. (1999). Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GDNF prevents ischemic brain injury after transient MCA occulusion in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 1336-1344.
53. Kovacs, Z., Ikezaki, K., Samoto, K., Inamura, T., and Fukui, M. (1996). VEGF and flt: Expression time kinetics in rat brain infarct. Stroke 27, 1865-1873.
54. Krieglstein, K., Suter-Crazzolara, C., Fisher, W. H., and Unsicker, K. (1995). TGF-β superfamily promote survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and protect them against MPP + toxicity. EMBO J. 14, 736-742.
55. Krupinski, J., Kaluza, J., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., and Wang, J. M. (1994). Role of angiogenesis in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. Stroke 25, 1794-1798.
56. Kuhn, H. G., Dickinson-Anson, H., and Gage, F. H. (1996). Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat: Age-related decrease of neuronal progenitor proliferation. J. Neurosci. 16, 2027-2033.
57. Kuhn, H. G., Winkler, J., Kempermann, G., Thal, L. J., and Gage, F. H. (1997). Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 have different effects on neural progenitors in the adult rat brain. J. Neurosci 17, 5820-5829.
58. Lawrence, M. S., McLaughlin, J. R., Sun, G.-H., Ho, D. Y., McIntosh, L., Kunis, D. M., Sapolsky, R. M., and Steinberg, G. K. (1997). Herpes simplex viral vectors expressing bcl-2 are neuroprotective when delivered after a stroke. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17, 740-744.
59. Lee, T. H., Abe, K., Aoki, M., Kogure, K., and Itoyama, Y. (1994). The protective effect of L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine on ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in gerbils. Stroke 25, 1425-1432.
60. Li, L., Wu, W, Lin, L.F.H., Lei, M., Oppenheim, R. W., and Houenou, L. J. (1995). Rescue of adult mouse motoneurons from injury-induced cell death by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9771-9775.
61. Li, P., Nijhawan, D., Budihardjo, I., Srinivasula, S. M., Ahmad, M., Alnemri, E. S., and Wang, X. (1997). Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. Cell 91, 479-489.
62. Li, Y, Chopp, M., Chen, J., Gautam, S. C., Dou, D., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Xu, Y., Powers, C., Zhang, X., and Jiang, F. (1999). Intracerebral grafting of adult bone marrow cells after stroke in adult mice and rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19(Suppl. 1), S615.
63. Lillien, L. E., and Raff, M. C. (1990). Differentiation signals in the CNS: Type-2 astrocyte development in vitro as a model system. Neuron 5, 111-119.
64. On, L.F.H., Doherty, D. H., Lile, J. D., Bektesh, S., and Collins, F. (1993). GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 260, 1130-1132.
65. Linnik, M. D., Zahos, P., Geschwind, M. D., and Federoff, H. J. (1995). Expression of bcl-2 from a defective herpes simplex virus-1 vector limits neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 26, 1670-1674.
66. Liu, J., and Sharp, F. R. (1999). Ischemia induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus: An injury-dependent neuroplasticity. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19(Suppl. 1), S614.
67. Liu, J., Solway, K., Messing, R. O., and Sharp, F. R. (1998). Increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia in gerbils. J. Neurosci. 18, 7768-7778.
68. Logan, A., Frautschy, S. A., Gonzalez, A. M., Sporn, M. B., and Baird, A. (1992). Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the rat brain after a localized cerebral injury. Brain Res. 587, 216-225.
69. Lyden, P. D., Jackson-Friedman, C., Shin, C., and Hassid, S. (2000). Synergistic combinatorial stroke therapy: A quantal bioassay of a GABA agonist and a glutamate antagonist. Exp. Neurol. 163, 477-489.
70. Morishita, R., Sugimoto, T., Aoki, M., Kida, I., Tomita, N., Moriguchi, A., Maeda, K., Sawa, Y., Kaneda, Y., Higaki, J., and Ogihara, T. (1997). In vivo transfection of cis element "decoy" against nuclear factor-kappaB binding site prevents myocardial infarction. Nat. Med. 3, 894-899.
71. Morishita, R., Yamada, S., Yamamoto, K., Tomita, N., Kida, I., Sakurabayashi, I., Kikuchi, A., Kaneda, Y., Lawn, R., Higaki, J., and Ogihara, T. (1998). Novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis: Ribozyme oligonucleotides against apolipoprotein(a) selectively inhibit apolipoprotein(a) but not plasminogen gene expression. Circulation 98, 1898-1904.
72. Mulligan, R. C. (1993). The basic science of gene therapy. Science 260, 926-932.
73. Nakafuku, M., and Nakamura, S. (1995). Establishment and characterization of a multipotential neural cell line that can conditionally generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro. J. Neurosci Res. 41, 153-168.
74. Nakagawa, Y., Kaneko, T., Ogura, T., Suzuki, T., Torii, M., Kaibuchi, K., Arai, K., Nakamura, S., and Nakafuku, M. (1996). Roles of cell-autonomous mechanisms for differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells. Development 122, 2449-2464.
75. Naski, M. C., Wang, Q., Xu, J., and Ornitz, D. M. (1996). Graded activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by mutations causing achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. Nat. Genet. 13, 233-237.
76. Nomura, M., Yamagishi, S., Harada, S., Hayashi, Y., Yamashima, T., Yamashita, J., and Yamamoto, H. (1995). Possible participation of autocrine and paracrine vascular endothelial growth factors in hypoxia-induced proliferation of endothelial cells and pericytes. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 28316-28324.
77. Ono, T., Fujino, Y., Tsuchiya, T., and Tsuda, M. (1990). Plasmid DNAs directly injected into mouse brain with lipofectin can be incorporated and expressed by brain cells. Neurosci. Lett. 117, 259-263.
78. Pallela, T. D., Hidaka, Y., Silverman, L. J., Levine, M., Glorioso, J., and Kelley, W. N. (1989). Expression of human HPRT mRNA in brains of mice infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus-1 vector. Gene 80, 137-144.
79. Parent, J. M., Yu, T. W., Leibowitz, R. T., Geschwind, D. H., Sloviter, R. S., and Lowenstein, D. H. (1997). Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 17, 3727-3738.
80. Porter, A. G., and Janicke, R. U. (1999). Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 6, 99-104.
81. Price, J., Turner, D., and Cepko, C. (1987). Lineage analysis in the vertebrate nervous system by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 156-160.
82. Royuela, M., De Miguel, M. P., Bethencourt, F. R., Sanchez-Chapado, M., Fraile, B., and Paniagua, R. (1998). Transforming growth factor beta 1 and its receptor types I and II. Comparison in human normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic carcinoma. Growth Factors 16, 101-110.
83. Sakakibara, S., and Okano, H. (1997). Expression of neural RNA-binding proteins in the postnatal CNS: Implications of their roles in neuronal and glial cell development. J. Neurosci. 17, 8300-8312.
84. Schaar, D. G., Sieber, B. A., Dreyfus, C. F., and Black, I. (1993). Regional and cell-specific expression of GDNF in rat brain. Exp. Neurol. 124, 368-371.
85. Seki, T., and Arai, Y. (1999). Temporal and spatial relationships between PSA-NCAM-expressing, newly generated granule cells, and radial glia-like cells in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol. 410, 503-513.
86. Shimazaki, T., Arsenijevic, Y., Ryan, A. K., Rosenfeld, M. G., and Weiss, S. (1999). A role for the POU-III transcription factor Brn-4 in the regulation of striatal neuron precursor differentiation. EMBO J. 18, 444-456.
87. Sinden, J. D., Rashid-Doubell, F., Kershaw, T. R., Nelson, A., Chadwick, A., Jat, P. S., Noble, M. D., Hodges, H., and Gray, J. A. (1997). Recovery of spatial learning by grafts of a conditionally immortalized hippocampal neuroepithelial cell line into the ischaemia-lesioned hippocampus. Neuroscience 81, 599-608.
88. Takagi, Y., Nozaki, K., Takahashi, J., Yodoi, J., Ishikawa, M., and Hashimoto, N. (1999). Proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the dentate gyrus is accelerated after transient forebrain ischemia in mice. Brain Res. 831, 283-287.
89. Takahashi, J., Palmer, T. D., and Gage, F. H. (1999). Retinoic acid and neurotrophins collaborate to regulate neurogenesis in adult-derived neural stem cell cultures. J. Neurobiol. 38, 65-81.
90. Tomac, A., Lindqvist, E., Lin, L.F.H., Ogren, S. O., Young, D., Hoffer, B. J., and Olson, L. (1995). Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo. Nature 373, 335-339.
91. Torii, M., Matsuzaki, F., Osumi, N., Kaibuchi, K., Nakamura, S., Casarosa, S., Guillemot, F., and Nakafuku, M. (1997). Transcription factors Mash-1 and Prox-1 delineate early steps in differentiation of neural stem cells in the developing central nervous system. Development 126, 443-456.
92. Veizovic, T, Stroemer, P., Beech, J., Sowinski, P., and Hodges, H. (1999). Stem cell grafts resolve sensory dysfunction following MCAo in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19(Suppl. 1), S616.
93. Verma, I. M., and Somia, N. (1997). Gene therapy-promises, problems, and prospects. Nature 389, 239-242.
94. Vescovi, A. L., Parati, E. A., Gritti, A., Poulin, P., Ferrario, M., Wanke, E., Frolichsthal-Schoeller, P., Cova, L., Arcellana-Panlilio, M., Colombo, A., and Galli, R. (1999). Isolation and cloning of multipotential stem cells from the embryonic human CNS and establishment of transplantable human neural stem cell lines by epigenetic stimulation. Exp. Neurol. 156, 71-83.
95. Virley, D., Ridley, R. M., Sinden, J. D., Kershaw, T. R., Harland, S., Rashid, T., French, S., Sowinski, P., Gray, J. A., Lantos, P. L., and Hodges, H. (1999). Primary CA1 and conditionally immortal MHP36 cell grafts restore conditional discrimination learning and recall in marmosets after excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampal CA1 field. Brain 122, 2321-2335.
96. Walsh, C., and Cepko, C. L. (1988). Clonally related cortical cells show several migration patterns. Science 241, 1342-1345.
97. Wang, J. M., Hayashi, T., Zang, W. R., Sakai, K., Shiro, Y., and Abe, K. (2000). Reduction of ischemic brain injury by topical application of IGF-1 after transient MCA occlusion in rats. Brain Res. 859, 381-385.
98. Wen, T. C., Matsuda, S., Yoshimura, T., Kawabe, T., and Sakanaka, M. (1995). Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents ischemia-induced learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils. Neurosci. Lett. 191, 55-58.
99. Wolfe, J. H., Deshmann, S. L., and Fraser, N. W. (1992). Herpes virus vector gene transfer and expression of b-glucuronidase in the central nervous system of MPS VII mice. Nat. Genet. 1, 379-384.
100. Xu, D. G., Crocker, S. J., Doucet, J.-P., St-Jean, M., Tamai, K., Hakim, A. M., Ikeda, J.-E., Liston, P., Thompson, C. S., Komeluk, R. G., MacKenzie, A., and Robertson, G. S. (1997). Elevation of neuronal expression of NAIP reduces ischemic damage in the rat hippocampus. Nat. Med. 3, 997-1004.
101. Yamashita, K., Wiessner, C., Lindholm, D., Thoenen, H., and Hossmann, K. A. (1997). Post-occlusion treatment with BDNF reduces infarct size in a model of permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rat. Metab. Brain Dis. 12, 271-280.
102. Yang, G. Y., Zhao, Y. J., Davidson, B. L., and Betz, A. L. (1997). Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the mouse brain reduces ischemic brain injury. Brain Res. 751, 181-188.
103. Yang, G.-Y., Liu, X.-H., Kadoya, C., Mao, Y.-J., Davidson, B. L., and Betz, A. L. (1998). Attenuation of ischemic inflammatory response in mouse brain using an adenoviral vector to induce Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 840-847.
104. Yenari, M. A., Fink, S. L., Sun, G. H., Chang, L. K., Patel, M. K., Kunis, D. M., Onley, D., Ho, D. Y., Sapolsky, R. M., and Steinberg, G. K. (1998). Gene therapy with HSP72 is neuroprotective in rat models of stroke and epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 44, 584-591.
105. Zhang, W. R., Kitagawa, H., Hayashi, T., Sasaki, C., Sakai, K., Warita, H., Shiro, Y., Suenaga, H., Ohmae, H., Tsuji, S., Itoh, T., Nishimura, O., Nagasaki, H., and Abe, K. (1999). Topical application of neurotrophin-3 attenuates ischemic brain injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain Res. 842, 211-214.
106. Zhang, W. R., Hayashi, T., Iwai, M., Nagano, I., Sato, K., Manabe, Y., and Abe, K. (2001). Time dependent amelioration against ischemic brain damage by glial cell line-derived neurotrohpic factor after transient MCAO in rat. Brain Res. 903, 253-256.