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Volumn 125, Issue 39, 2003, Pages 11911-11924

Mechanism of the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and CO 2 using β-diiminate zinc catalysts: Evidence for a bimetallic epoxide enchainment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SOLID-STATE STRUCTURES;

EID: 0141508985     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja030085e     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (471)

References (127)
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    • (Cornell Research Foundation), U.S. Pat. 6133402, 2002
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    • See Supporting Information
    • See Supporting Information.
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    • note
    • 2 were refined anisotropically and isotropically, respectively.
  • 75
    • 0141635338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • iPr and other BDI zinc alkoxide complexes are underway.
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    • note
    • 2/epoxide copolymerization. presumably because rearrangement to the zinc isopropoxide could not occur.
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    • note
    • We are currently investigating the origin of the bimodal GPC traces of the polymer produced using [(BDI-6)ZnOAc] (see Table 2). Preparatory GPC of the polymer shows the high molecular weight peak to be predominantly polyether, whereas the low molecular weight fraction is primarily polycarbonate.
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    • (b) Wilcox, D. E. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2435-2458.
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    • For a review on synthetic bimetallic catalysts as enzymatic mimics, see: van den Beuken, E. K.; Feringa, B. L. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 12985-13011.
    • (1998) Tetrahedron , vol.54 , pp. 12985-13011
    • Van den Beuken, E.K.1    Feringa, B.L.2
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    • For references on asymmetric aldol condensation using bimetallic zinc compounds, see the following and references within: (a) Kitamura, M.; Okada, S. ; Suga, S.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4028-4036.
    • (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.111 , pp. 4028-4036
    • Kitamura, M.1    Okada, S.2    Suga, S.3    Noyori, R.4
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    • 0033920416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides using Cr or Co salen complexes, see the following and references within: (a) Jacobsen, E. N. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 421-431.
    • (2000) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 421-431
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    • For Zr-catalyzed enantioselective ring-opening of epoxides, see the following: (a) Nugent, W. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7139-7140.
    • (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 7139-7140
    • Nugent, W.A.1
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    • For studies where a bimetallic epoxide enchainment mechanism is proposed, see the following and references within: (a) Vandenberg, E. J. J. Polym. Sci. 1960, 47, 486-489.
    • (1960) J. Polym. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 486-489
    • Vandenberg, E.J.1
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    • (h) Braune, W.; Okuda, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 64-68. To the best of our knowledge, no kinetic studies have been performed on these systems. However, Inoue has reported kinetic studies for the ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone that illustrate a second-order dependence in aluminum porphyrin alcoholates. See: Shimasaki, K.; Aida, T.; Inoue, S. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 3076-3080.
    • (2003) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.42 , pp. 64-68
    • Braune, W.1    Okuda, J.2
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    • (h) Braune, W.; Okuda, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 64-68. To the best of our knowledge, no kinetic studies have been performed on these systems. However, Inoue has reported kinetic studies for the ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone that illustrate a second-order dependence in aluminum porphyrin alcoholates. See: Shimasaki, K.; Aida, T.; Inoue, S. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 3076-3080.
    • (1987) Macromolecules , vol.20 , pp. 3076-3080
    • Shimasaki, K.1    Aida, T.2    Inoue, S.3
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    • ASI Applied Systems, Millersville, MD 21108
    • ASI Applied Systems, Millersville, MD 21108.
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    • note
    • 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the polycarbonates possess molecular weights based on [CHO]:[Zn] and PDIs are approximately 1.1, as determined by gel permeation chromatography (calibrated with polystyrene standards in tetrahydrofuran). It should be noted that higher levels of carbonate linkages are found in polycarbonate synthesized in toluene solution versus neat CHO. A similar phenomenon has been observed in ref 17.
  • 125
    • 0141747317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • tot = 2[D] + [M], where D = dimer and M = monomer.
  • 126
    • 0141858850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 pressure is increased (see Supporting Information). Therefore, we have adjusted the initial rate values to account for these decreased absorbance levels.
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    • 0141858846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2, see refs 8-21.


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