The burden of disease attributable to nutrition in Europe

Public Health Nutrition

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 453-461

  Pomerleau, Joceline ^a   McKee, Martin ^a   Lobstein, Tim ^b   Knai, Cécile ^c  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Food Commission   (United Kingdom)

^c WHO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Diet; Epidemiology; Europe; Fruit; Health trends; Morbidity; Mortality; Nutrition; Vegetables

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DEATH; DISABILITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ECOLOGY; EUROPE; FOOD INTAKE; FRUIT; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MORTALITY; NUTRITIONAL DISORDER; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VEGETABLE;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; DIET; EUROPE; FOOD HABITS; FRUIT; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MORBIDITY; NEOPLASMS; OBESITY; VEGETABLES;

EID: 0041534397     PISSN: 13689800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/PHN2002456     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1436-42.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Report 2002. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: WHO, 2002.
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Diet, Nutrition and The Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Technical Report Series No. 797. Geneva: WHO, 1990.
4. European Heart Network. Food, Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Europe. Brussels: European Heart Network, 1998.
5. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). Food, Nutrition and The Prevention of Cancer.. A Global Perspective. Washington, DC: AICR, 1997.
6. Nutrition and Diet for Healthy Lifestyles in Europe: Science and Policy Implications. Proceedings of the European Conference, Crete, Greece, 18-20 May 2000. In: Kafatos AG, Codrington CA, eds. Eurodiet Report and Proceedings [special issue]. Public Health Nutrition 2001; 4(2A): 337-436.
7. McKee M, Jacobson B. Public health in Europe. Lancet 2000; 356: 665-70.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. Health in Europe 1997. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 83. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1998.
9. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. Health for All Database. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2002.
10. James WPT, Ferro-Luzzi A, Isaksson B, Szostak WB. Healthy Nutrition. Preventing Nutrition-related Diseases in Europe. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 1988.
11. Keys A. Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.
12. Willett WC, Sacks F, Trichopoulou A, Drescher G, Ferro-Luzzi A, Helsing E, et al. Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995; 61(Suppl.): 1402S-6.
13. de-Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, et al. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 1454-9.
14. Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P. Healthy traditional Mediterranean diet: an expression of culture, history, and lifestyle. Nutrition Reviews 1997; 55: 383-9.
15. Kouris-Blazos A, Gnardellis C, Wahlqvist ML, Trichopoulos D, Lukito W, Trichopoulou A. Are the advantages of the Mediterranean diet transferable to other populations? A cohort study in Melbourne, Australia. British Journal of Nutrition 1999; 82: 57-61.
16. Assman G, Sacks F, Awad AB, Bonanome A, Booyse FM, Carmena R, et al. Dietary fat, the Mediterranean diet and lifelong good health. 2000 International Conference on the Mediterranean Diet. 2000 Consensus Statement [online]. London: Royal College of Physicians, January 2000. Available at http://www.chd-taskforce.de/2000 consensusstatement/index_e.html. Accessed 25 September 2002.
17. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). FAOSTAT Database [online]. Rome: FAO, 2001. Available at http:// www.apps.fao.org/1. Accessed 1 December 2001.
18. Lobstein T, Longfield J. Improving Diet and Health through European Union Food Policies. London: Health Education Authority, 1999.
19. Lang T. Food and nutrition. In: Weil O, McKee M, Brodin M, Oberlé D, eds. Priorities for Public Health Action in Europe. Brussels: European Commission, 1999; 138-56.
20. La Vecchia C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E. Trends in mortality from major diseases in Europe, 1980-1993. European Journal of Epidemiology 1998; 14: 1-8.
21. Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D on behalf of the Task Force. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. European Heart Journal 1997; 18: 1231-48.
22. British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics [online]. Oxford: British Heart Foundation. Available at http://www.dphpc. ox.ac.uk/bhfhprg/stats/2000/europe/introduction.html. Accessed 25 September 2002.
23. Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world. Heart 2002; 88: 119-24.
24. Bobak M, Marmot M. East-west mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda. British Medical Journal 1996; 312: 421-5.
25. Marmot M, Wilkinson RG. Social Determinants of Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
26. Roks C, Galloway R, Brown L. Prospects for Improving the Nutrition Situation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000.
27. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Rome: FAO, 1999.
28. Bobak M, Hense HW, Kark J, Kuch B, Vojtisek P, Sinnreich R, et al. An ecological study of determinants of coronary heart disease rates: a comparison of Czech, Bavarian and Israeli men. International Journal of Epidemiology 1999; 28: 437-44.
29. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1988; 41: 105-14.
30. Witzum JL. The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1994; 344: 793-5.
31. Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data. Annals of Internal Medicine 1995; 123: 860-72.
32. EURONUT-SENECA. Nutrition and the elderly in Europe. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991; 45(Suppl. 3): 1-196.
33. Kristenson M, Ziedén B, Kucinskienë Z, Abaravicius A, Razinkovienë L, Schäfer Elinder L, et al. Antioxidant state and mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian and Swedish men: concomitant cross sectional study of men aged 50. British Medical Journal 1997; 314: 629-33.
34. Gjonca A, Bobak M. Albanian paradox, another example of protective effect of Mediterranean lifestyle? Lancet 1997; 350: 1815-7.
35. Shapo L, Coker R, McKee M. Tracking diabetes in Albania: a natural experiment on the impact of modernisation on health. Diabetic Medicine 2002; 19: 87-8.
36. Zatonski WA, McMichael AJ, Powles JW. Ecological study of reasons for sharp decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Poland since 1991. British Medical Journal 1998; 316: 1047-51.
37. Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. Ecological studies are a poor means of testing aetiological hypotheses. British Medical Journal 1998; 317: 678.
38. Klerk M, Jansen MCJF, van't Veer P, Kok FJ. Fruits and Vegetables in Chronic Disease Prevention. Part II. Update and Extension (literature up to early 1998). Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University, 1998.
39. Van't Veer P, Jansen MCJF, Klerk M, Kok FJ. Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Public Health Nutrition 2000; 3: 103-7.
40. Ness AR, Powles JW. Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease: a review. International Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 26: 1-13.
41. Melse JM, Essink-Bot M-L, Kramers PGN, Hoeymans N. A national burden of disease calculation: Dutch disability-adjusted life-years. American Journal of Public Health 2000; 90: 1241-7.
42. National Institute of Public Health (NIPH). Determinants of the Burden of Disease in the EU. Stockholm: NIPH, 1997.
43. Yong LC, Brown CC, Schatzkin A, Dresser CM, Slesinski MJ, Cox CS, et al. Intake of vitamins E, C, and A and risk of lung cancer. The NHANES I epidemiologic followup study. First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 146: 231-43.
44. Committee on Diet and Health. Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989.
45. Joffe M, Robertson A. The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition 2001; 4: 893-901.
46. Tobias M. The Burden of Disease and Injury in New Zealand. Public Health Intelligence Occasional Bulletin No. 1. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Health, 2001.
47. Mathers C, Vos T, Stevenson C. The Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia. AIHW Catalogue No. PHE 17. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 1999.
48. Vos T, Begg S. The Victorian Burden of Disease Study: Mortality. Melbourne: Public Health and Development Division, Victorian Government Department of Human Services, 1999.
49. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. The First Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy. WHO European Region 2000-2005. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
50. Doll R, Peto R. The Causes of Cancer. Oxford: University Press, 1981.
51. Doll R. The lessons of life. Keynote address to the nutrition and cancer conference. Cancer Research 1992; 52: 2024S-9S.
52. Browner WS, Westenhouse J, Tice J. What if Americans ate less fat? A quantitative estimate of the effect on mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association 1991; 265: 285-91.
53. Willett WC. Will high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 2000; 225: 187-90.
54. Willett WC. Diet, nutrition and avoidable cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 1995; 103(Suppl.): 165-70.
55. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. Nutritional Aspects of the Development of Cancer. London: HMSO, 1998.
56. Riboli E, Decloitre F, Collet-Ribbing C. Alimentation et cancer: évaluation des données scientifique? Paris: Editions Techniques et Documentation, Lavoisier, 1996.
57. Papas AM, ed. Antioxidant Status, Diet, Nutrition, and Health. Boca Raton: FL: CRC Press, 1998.
58. Murray C, Lopez AD. On the comparable quantification of health risks: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Epidemiology 1999; 10: 594-605.
59. Greenland S, Rothman KJ. Measures of effect and measures of association. In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, eds. Modern Epidemiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998; 47-66.
60. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJL and the Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2002; 360: 1347-60.
61. Lock K, Pomerleau J, Causer L, McKee M. Global burden of disease due to low fruit and vegetable consumption. In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, eds. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Due to Selected Major Risk Factors. Geneva: WHO, 2003; in press.
62. European Commission. Improvement in Knowledge of Food Consumption with a View to Protection of Public Health by Means of Exchanges and Collaboration between Database Managers. Reports on Tasks for Scientific Cooperation, EUR 17528 (EN). Brussels: European Commission, 1997.
63. Bingham SA, Paul AA, Haraldsdottir J, Loken EB, Van Staveren WA. Methods of data collection at an individual level. In: Cameron ME, van Staveran WA, eds. Manual on Methodology for Food Consumption Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988; 53-106.
64. Willett W, ed. Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
65. Powles J, Day NE, Sanz MA, Bingham SA. Protective foods in winter and spring: a key to lower vascular mortality? Lancet 1996; 348: 898-9.
66. Terry P, Giovanucci E, Michels KB, Bergvist L, Hansen H, Holmberg L, et al. Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber and risk of colorectal cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2001; 93: 525-33.
67. Law MR, Morris JK. By how much does fruit and vegetable consumption reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998; 52: 549-56.
68. Egger M, Schneider M, Davey Smith G. Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies. British Medical Journal 1998; 316: 140-4.
69. Ness AR, Egger M, Davey Smith G. Meta-analysis seems to exclude benefit of vitamin C supplementation. British Medical Journal 1999; 319: 577.
70. Cameron ME, Van Staveren WA. Manual on Methodology for Food Consumption Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
71. McKee M, Shkolnikov V, Leon DA. Alcohol is implicated in the fluctuations in cardiovascular disease in Russia since the 1980s. Annals of Epidemiology 2001; 11: 1-6.
72. Ness A, Egger M, Powles J. Fruit and vegetables and ischaemic heart disease: systematic review or misleading meta-analysis? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 53: 900-2.
73. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. Food and Health in Europe: A New Basis for Action; Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2003; in press.
74. Gonzalez CA. Dietary patterns in Europe - preliminary results of dietary habits in the EPIC Study. European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1997; 6: 125-6.
75. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. Development of the First Food and Nutrition Action Plan for the European Region. Report of a WHO Consultation, Malta, 8-10 November 1999. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000.
76. McColl K, Pomerleau J, Weill C, Oberlé D, Brodin M, Lefebvre A, et al. Health and Human Nutrition: Element for European Action. Collection Santé & Société no. 10. Paris: Société Française de Santé Publique, 2000.