Ecological study of reasons for sharp decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Poland since 1991

British Medical Journal

Volumn 316, Issue 7137, 1998, Pages 1047-1051

  Zatonski, Witold A ^a   McMichael, Anthony J ^b   Powles, John W ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (Poland)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; FAT; VEGETABLE OIL;

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CIGARETTE SMOKING; FAT INTAKE; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; FRUIT; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; POLAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIOECONOMICS; STROKE; VEGETABLE;

EID: 0032481793     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7137.1047     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Thom TJ, Epstein FH, Feldman JJ, Leaverton PE, Wolz M. Total mortality and mortality from heart disease, cancer and stroke 1950 to 1987 in 27 countries: highlights of trends and their interrelationships among causes of death. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1992. (NIH Publication No 92-3088.)
2. World Health Organisation. World health statistics annual. WHO: Geneva, 1960-94.
3. Zatonski W. The health of the Polish population. Public Health Reviews (Tel Aviv) 1995;23:139-56.
4. Bobak M, Marmot M. East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda. BMJ 1996;312:421-5.
5. WHO MONICA Project. Ecological analysis of the association between mortality and major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:505-16.
6. Schwartz S. The fallacy of the ecological fallacy: the potential misuse of a concept and the consequences. Am J Public Health 1994;84:819-24.
7. Leon DA, Chenet L, Shkolnikov VM, Zakharov S, Shapiro J, Rakhmanova G, et al. Huge variation in Russian mortality rates 1984-94: artefact, alcohol, or what? Lancet 1997;350:383-8.
8. Waterhouse J, Correa P, Muir C, Powell J, eds. Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol 3. Lyons: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1976:456.
9. Sekula W, Niedzialek Z, Figurska K, Morawska M, Borue T. Food consumption in Poland converted into energy and nutrients, 1950-1995. Warsaw: Institute of Food and Nutrition, 1996.
10. Oles P. The extent of tobacco use in Poland. World Smoking and Health 1983;8:38-42.
11. Central Statistical Office, Roczniki statystyczne [Statistical yearbooks]. Warsaw; CSO, 1970-95.
12. Sieroslawski J. Spoleczno-demograficzne korelaty picia alkoholu w Polsce [Socio,demographic correlates of alcohol drinking in Poland]. Alkoholizm i Narkomania 1995;3:57-77.
13. World Health Organisation. World health statistics annual. Geneva: WHO, 1988:xvii.
14. Okolski M. Migracje zagraniczne w Polsce w latach 1980-1989: Zarys problematyki badawczej [Foreign migrations in Poland 1980-89]. Stud Demogr 1994: 17:3-59.
15. Kozak LJ, Bacon WE, Krzyanowski M, Wojiynjak B. Hospital use in Poland and the United States. Hyattsville, MD, 1988. (Comparative international vital and health statistics reports, series 5, No 2.)
16. Heinemann L, Loewel H, Dahlke D, Eisenblatter D, Greiser E. Validity of the official cardiovascular mortality statistics. Acta Cardiologica 1994;44:338-40.
17. Strom A, Jensen RA. Mortality from circulatory diseases in Norway 1940-45, Lancet 1951;i:126-9.
18. Strom A. Examination into the diet of Norwegian families during the war-years 1942-45. Acta Med Scand 1948;214(suppl):22.
19. D'Espaignet ET, van Ommeren M, Taylor F, Briscoe N, Pentony P. Trends in Australian mortality 1921-1988. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991:94-5 (Australian Institute of Health mortality series No 1.)
20. Chellaraj G, Adeyi O, Preker AS, Goldstein E. Trends in health status, services, and finance. The transition in central and eastern Europe. Volume 2. Statistical annex. Washinton, DC: World Bank, 1996:44. (World Bank technical paper No 348. social challenges of transition series.)
21. Department of Statistical Information and Analysis. Health care in numbers. Warsaw: National Centre for Health System Management, 1995.
22. Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 1994;309:911-9.
23. World Bank. From plan to market: world development report, 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996:173.
24. Central Statistical Office. Rocznik statystyczne [Statistical yearbook]. Warsaw: CSO, 1995.
25. Central Statistical Office. Rocznik Statystystyczny demografi [Statistical yearbook of demography]. Warsaw: CSO, 1995.
26. Watson P. Marriage and mortality in Eastern Europe. In: Hertzman C, Kelly S, Bobak M, eds. East-West life-expectancy gap in Europe: environmental and non-environmental determinants. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996:152.
27. Ness AR, Powels JW, Fruit and vegetables and cardiovascular disease: a review. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:1-13.
28. Khaw KT, Woodhouse P. Interrelation of vitamin C. infection, haemostatic factors and cardiovascular disease. BMJ 1995;310:1559-63.
29. Thiel C, Heinemann L. Nutritional behaviour differences in Germany. Rev Environ Health 1996;11:35-40.
30. Powles JW, Day NE, Sanz MA, Gingham SA. Protective foods in winter and spring: a key to lower vascular mortality? Lancet 1996;348:898-9.
31. Zatonski W. Evolution of health in Poland since 1988. Warsaw: Marie Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Centre, 1996:27.
32. Sekula W. Budzety gospodarstie domourych [Household budget surveys]. Warsaw: Central Statistical Office, 1970-94.
33. Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG, By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease: BMJ 1994;308:367-72.
34. Pajak A. Myocardial infarction - threats and medical care. Longitudinal observational study in 280,000 women and men-POL-MONICA Krakow project. II. Risk factors and mortality due to ischaemic heart disease in men at age 35-64. [In Polish with English abstract.] Przeglad Lekarski (Warsaw) 1996;53:707-12.
35. Burr ML, Gilbert JF, Holliday RM, Elwood PC, Fehily AM, Rogers S, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish. and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989;ii:757-61.
36. De Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, et al, Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994;343:1454-9.
37. McLennan P, Howe P, Abeywardena M, Muggli R, Raederstorfl D, Mano M, et al. The cardiovascular protective role of docosahexanoic acid. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;300:83-9.
38. Charnock JS. Lipids and cardiac arrhythmia. Prog Lipid Res 1994;33: 355-83.
39. Bruthans J, Bruthansova D, Cervenkova A. Rapid downturn in Czech CVD mortality: the role of social and economic changes [abstract]. Can J Cardiol 1997;13(suppl B):abstract no 0430.
40. World Health Organisation. Health for all data base [computer program]. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. 1997.