New technologies and public relations: Exploring practitioners' use of online resources to earn a seat at the management table

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 172-190

  Porter, Lance Vardaman ^a   Sallot, Lynne M ^a   Cameron, Glen T ^a   Shamp, Scott ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0041026917     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900107800111     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
2. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
3. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
4. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
5. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
6. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
7. E. W. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1985): 17-22; Glen Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 17-22; Glen Broom and David Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1, 1986): 37-56; H.W. Close, "Public Relations as a Management Function," Public Relations Journal 36 (3, 1980): 11-14; David Dozier, "Program Evaluation and Roles of Practitioners," Public Relations Review 10 (2, 1984): 13-21; David Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 327-55; Jon White and David Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," in Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management, ed. James E. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 91-108.
8. David Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function of Public Relations Practitioners and Participation in Management Decision Making" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Norman, OK, August 1986).
9. R. L. Gustafson and Steven R. Thomsen, "Merging the Teaching of Public Relations and Advertising Onto the Information Superhighway,Public Relations Quarterly 41 (spring 1996): 38-42.
10. Michael Ryan, "Practitioners and the World Wide Web: Involvement in Web Sites is Crucial," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 29-32.
11. Carole M. Howard, "Technology and Tabloids: How the New Media World Is Changing Our Jobs," Public Relations Quarterly 45 (spring 2000): 8-12.
12. Bohle Company, "Public Relations Agencies Getting Wired and Equipped," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 26-27.
13. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
14. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
15. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
16. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
17. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
18. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
19. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
20. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
21. G. Beiswinger, "Database Update," Public Relations Journal (March 1982): 37-39; N. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-line Data-base Systems," in The Dynamics of Japanese Organizations, ed. F.J. Richter (New York: Routledge, 1996), 179-88; Merton Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance of Public Relations," in New Technology and Public Relations, ed. Kalman B. Druck, Merton Fiur, and Don Bates (NY: Foundation for Public Relations Research and Education, Inc., 1986); D. Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 18-22; V. Kane, "Tomorrow's Library May Be in Your Office Today," Public Relations Journal (July 1985): 30-31; J. Masterson, "Discovering Databases: Online Services Put Research at Practitioner's Fingertips," Public Relations Journal (November 1992): 12-13, 17-19, 27; Steven R. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship and Practitioner 'Power': A Qualitative Study of Commercial Online Data-base Use in Corporate Public Relations" (Ph.D. diss., University of Georgia, 1994); Steven R. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases in Corporate Issues Management," Public Relations Review 21 (9, 1995): 103-122; B. Wiesendanger, "Electronic Delivery and Feedback Systems Come of Age," Public Relations Journal 49 (1, 1993): 11-14.
22. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
23. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
24. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
25. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
26. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
27. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
28. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
29. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
30. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
31. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
32. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
33. Martha C. Glenn, William H. Gruber, and Kenneth H. Rabin, "Using Computers in Corporate Public Affairs," Public Relations Review 8 (3, 1982): 34-42; Hauss, "Technology Gives Early Warning of News Breaks"; Steven L. Lubetkin, "Doing Research On the Internet," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 15; Betsy A. Plank, "The Revolution in Communication Technology for Public Relations," Public Relations Review 9 (1, 1982): 3-10; A.W. Plummer, "Managing Media Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995): 18; Peter Roche, "High-Tech Tools for Media Relations," Public Relations Tactics 2 (8, 1995): 5-6; S.S. Ross, "Public Relations in Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51(1, 1995): 36-38; Adam Shell, "CyberRelations: The Race to be No. 1 in Cyberspace," Public Relations Tactics 2 (6, 1995); R. Wolcott, "New Technology, Global Market Influence Future of Counseling," Public Relations Journal 46 (11, 1990): 38-40; Donald K. Wright, Corporate Communications Policy Concerning the Internet, a Survey of the Nation's Senior-Level, Corporate Public Relations Officers (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1998); Tracy Cooley, "Interactive Communication - Public Relations on the Web," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (summer 1999): 41-42; Suzanne S. Fitzgerald and Nicole Spagnolia, "Four Predictions for PR Practitioners in the New Millenium," Public Relations Quarterly 44 (fall 1999): 12-14.
34. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
35. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
36. S.J. Spector, "Interactive Multimedia Comes of Age," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 41-42.
37. J. Katzman, "Interactive Video Gets Bigger Play," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 6-12.
38. S.F. Bovet, "Hi-Tech Editors Lead Charge into Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 40.
39. M. Pastore, "How Journalists Use the Net," Internet PR Guide (9 October 2000) 〈http://www.internetprguide.com/pr_insight/ 0,10123_479631,00.html〉
40. Don Middleberg and Steven Ross, "Journalists Now Rank the Internet as Their Second Most Important Source," Cyberspace Study (February 1998).
41. Bruce Garrison, "Journalists' Perceptions of Online Information-Gathering Problems," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77 (autumn 2000): 500-514.
42. J.P. Geibel, "PR in Internet Time: Developing a Thematic Release Program," Geibel Marketing & Public Relations Online (1999) 〈http:// www.geibelpr.com/thematic.htm〉
43. B.L. Ochman, "The Traditional News Release Is Dead!" What's Next Online (16March2000) 〈http://www.whatsnextonline.com/wno/ newsletter19.html〉
44. J. Bergen, "Council President Urges PR Firms to Grab a Seat at Interactive Table," Interactive PR & Marketing News (23 July 1999), 〈http:/ /www.prandmarketing,com/cgi/catalog/sample%3FIMN〉; J. Ledbetter and B. Warner, "Getting the Right Spin: PR on the Net," The Standard (15 February 1999), 〈http://www.thestandard.com/article/ display/0%2C1151%2C3474%2C00.html〉; B. MacLellan, "PR People Must Know the Net," Strategy Magazine Online (8 November 1999), 〈http://www.strategymag.com/articles/ st27239.asp〉
45. J. Bergen, "Council President Urges PR Firms to Grab a Seat at Interactive Table," Interactive PR & Marketing News (23 July 1999), 〈http:/ /www.prandmarketing,com/cgi/catalog/sample%3FIMN〉; J. Ledbetter and B. Warner, "Getting the Right Spin: PR on the Net," The Standard (15 February 1999), 〈http://www.thestandard.com/article/ display/0%2C1151%2C3474%2C00.html〉; B. MacLellan, "PR People Must Know the Net," Strategy Magazine Online (8 November 1999), 〈http://www.strategymag.com/articles/ st27239.asp〉
46. J. Bergen, "Council President Urges PR Firms to Grab a Seat at Interactive Table," Interactive PR & Marketing News (23 July 1999), 〈http:/ /www.prandmarketing,com/cgi/catalog/sample%3FIMN〉; J. Ledbetter and B. Warner, "Getting the Right Spin: PR on the Net," The Standard (15 February 1999), 〈http://www.thestandard.com/article/ display/0%2C1151%2C3474%2C00.html〉; B. MacLellan, "PR People Must Know the Net," Strategy Magazine Online (8 November 1999), 〈http://www.strategymag.com/articles/ st27239.asp〉
47. W. Timothy Coombs, "The Internet as Potential Equalizer: New Leverage for Confronting Social Irresponsibility," Public Relations Review 24 (3, 1998): 289-303.
48. Robert L. Heath, "New Communication Technologies: An Issues Management Point of View," Public Relations Review 24 (3, 1998): 273-88.
49. Robert L. Heath, "The Frontier of New Communication Technologies," in Handbook of Public Relations, ed. Robert Heath (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001), 579-81; Edward J. Lordan, "Cyberspin: The Use of New Technologies in Public Relations," in Handbook of Public Relations, ed. Robert Heath (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001), 583-89.
50. Robert L. Heath, "The Frontier of New Communication Technologies," in Handbook of Public Relations, ed. Robert Heath (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001), 579-81; Edward J. Lordan, "Cyberspin: The Use of New Technologies in Public Relations," in Handbook of Public Relations, ed. Robert Heath (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001), 583-89.
51. Glen Broom and George Smith, "Testing the Practitioner's Impact on Clients," Public Relations Review 5 (3, 1979): 47-59.
52. Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," 17-22.
53. J. Reagan, Ronald Anderson, J. Sumner, and S. Hill, "A Factor Analysis of Broom and Smith's Public Relations Roles Scale," Journalism Quarterly 66 (spring 1989): 175-83.
54. B. Sullivan, David Dozier, and S. Hellweg, "Practitioner Pursuit of the Ideal Role," IPRA Review 9 (2, 1985): 14-18.
55. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," 17-22; Laura Cottone, D.G. Wakefield, R. Rocco Cottone, and Willard North, "Public Relations Roles and Functions by Organization," Public Relations Review (1, 1985): 28-37.
56. Brody, "Changing Roles and Requirements of Public Relations," 17-22; Laura Cottone, D.G. Wakefield, R. Rocco Cottone, and Willard North, "Public Relations Roles and Functions by Organization," Public Relations Review (1, 1985): 28-37.
57. Elizabeth L. Toth, Shirley A. Serini, Donald K. Wright, and Arthur G. Emig, "Trends in Public Relations Roles: 1990-1995," Public Relations Review 24 (2, 1998): 145-63.
58. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56.
59. David Dozier and M. Gottesman, "Subjective Dimensions of Organizations Roles Among Public Relations Practitioners" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Athens, OH, 1982), 18.
60. Larry R. Judd, "Role Relationships Using Research and Organization Types," Public Relations Review 13 (2, 1987): 52-59; Glen T. Cameron, Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, and Duane Sweep, "Predictors of Public Relations Research in Higher Education," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 466-70.
61. Larry R. Judd, "Role Relationships Using Research and Organization Types," Public Relations Review 13 (2, 1987): 52-59; Glen T. Cameron, Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, and Duane Sweep, "Predictors of Public Relations Research in Higher Education," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 466-70.
62. Judd, "Role Relationships Using Research and Organization Types," 52-59.
63. Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles, Intraorganizational Power, and Encroachment," Journal of Public Relations Research 4 (1, 1992), 61-80.
64. Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Missing Link: The Public Relations Manager Role as Mediator of Organizational Environments and Power Consequences for the Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 4 (4, 1992): 205-220.
65. Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Missing Link: The Public Relations Manager Role as Mediator of Organizational Environments and Power Consequences for the Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 4 (4, 1992): 205-220.
66. Philip Guant and Jeff Ollenburger, "Issues Management Revisited: A Tool That Deserves Another Look," Public Relations Review 21 (3, 1995): 199-210; Brad E. Hainsworth, "Issues Management: An Overview," Public Relations Review 16 (1990): 1, 3-5; Brad E. Hainsworth and Max Meng, "How Corporations Define Issues Management," Public Relations Review 14 (4, 1988): 18-30; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
67. Philip Guant and Jeff Ollenburger, "Issues Management Revisited: A Tool That Deserves Another Look," Public Relations Review 21 (3, 1995): 199-210; Brad E. Hainsworth, "Issues Management: An Overview," Public Relations Review 16 (1990): 1, 3-5; Brad E. Hainsworth and Max Meng, "How Corporations Define Issues Management," Public Relations Review 14 (4, 1988): 18-30; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
68. Philip Guant and Jeff Ollenburger, "Issues Management Revisited: A Tool That Deserves Another Look," Public Relations Review 21 (3, 1995): 199-210; Brad E. Hainsworth, "Issues Management: An Overview," Public Relations Review 16 (1990): 1, 3-5; Brad E. Hainsworth and Max Meng, "How Corporations Define Issues Management," Public Relations Review 14 (4, 1988): 18-30; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
69. Philip Guant and Jeff Ollenburger, "Issues Management Revisited: A Tool That Deserves Another Look," Public Relations Review 21 (3, 1995): 199-210; Brad E. Hainsworth, "Issues Management: An Overview," Public Relations Review 16 (1990): 1, 3-5; Brad E. Hainsworth and Max Meng, "How Corporations Define Issues Management," Public Relations Review 14 (4, 1988): 18-30; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
70. C.B. Arrington and R.N. Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs: Issues Management in an Uncertain Environment," California Management Review 26 (4, 1984): 148-60.
71. Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function."
72. Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84.
73. Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles," 17-22; Pamela J. Creedon, "Public Relations and 'Women's Work': Toward a Feminist Analysis of Public Relations Roles," in Public Relations Research Annual 3, ed. J.E. Grunig and L.A. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991), 67-84.
74. Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles," 17-22; Pamela J. Creedon, "Public Relations and 'Women's Work': Toward a Feminist Analysis of Public Relations Roles," in Public Relations Research Annual 3, ed. J.E. Grunig and L.A. Grunig (Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991), 67-84.
75. David Dozier, S. Chapo, and B. Sullivan, "Sex and the Bottom Line: Income Differences Between Women and Men in Public Relations (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Corvallis, OR, 1983).
76. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56.
77. Creedon, "Public Relations and 'Women's Work,'" 67-84.
78. David Dozier and Glen Broom, "Evolution of the Manager Role in Public Relations Practice," Journal of Public Relations Research 7 (1, 1995): 3-26.
79. K. Temple, "Is Public Relations Ready for the 1990s?" Public Relations Quarterly 35 (1989-1990): 4-6.
80. P. Dorf, "High-Tech Firms Launching Clients into Cyberspace," Public Relations Journal 51 (1, 1995): 28-31.
81. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Shirley A. Ramsey, "Issues Management and the Use of Technologies in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 19 (3, 1993): 261-75; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases,"103-122.
82. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Shirley A. Ramsey, "Issues Management and the Use of Technologies in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 19 (3, 1993): 261-75; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases,"103-122.
83. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Shirley A. Ramsey, "Issues Management and the Use of Technologies in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 19 (3, 1993): 261-75; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases,"103-122.
84. Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship";
85. Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
86. Ronald Anderson and J. Reagan, "Practitioner Roles and Uses of New Technologies," Journalism Quarterly 69 (spring 1992): 156-65.
87. Jeffrey K. Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology: The Impact of the Internet," in Public Relations Handbook, ed. Robert Heath (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001), 603-614.
88. Melissa A. Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology: Practitioner Perspectives," Journal of Public Relations Research 9 (3, 1997): 213-36.
89. Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 234.
90. Lisa A. Petrison and Paul Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing: Applying Database Technology to Public Relations," Public Relations Review 19 (3, 1993): 235-45.
91. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 187.
92. Anderson and Reagan, "Practitioner Roles and Uses of New Technologies," 156-65; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology."
93. Anderson and Reagan, "Practitioner Roles and Uses of New Technologies," 156-65; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology."
94. D. Hauss, "Measuring the Impact of Public Relations: New Electronic Research Methods Improve Campaign Evaluation," Public Relations Journal 49 (2, 1993): 14-21; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36.
95. D. Hauss, "Measuring the Impact of Public Relations: New Electronic Research Methods Improve Campaign Evaluation," Public Relations Journal 49 (2, 1993): 14-21; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36.
96. Linda J. Calloway, "Survival of the Fastest: Information Technology and Corporate Crises," Public Relations Review 17 (1, 1991): 85-92.
97. Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology."
98. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations
99. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
100. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
101. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
102. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
103. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
104. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
105. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
106. H.E. Aldrich and D. Herker, "Boundary Spanning Roles and Organizational Structure," Academy of Management Review (1977): 217-30; Arrington and Sawaya, "Managing Public Affairs," 148-60; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; J.E. Dutton and E. Ottensmeyer, "Strategic Issues Management Systems: Forms, Function, and Contexts," Academy of Management Review (9, 1987): 355-65; Hainsworth and Meng, "How Corporations Define," 18-30; Robert L. Heath and Kenneth R. Cousino, "Issues Management: End of Decade Progress Report," Public Relations Review 16 (1, 1990): 6-18; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; White and Dozier, "Public Relations and Management Decision Making," 91-108.
107. Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
108. Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
109. Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
110. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
111. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
112. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
113. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
114. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
115. Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Johnson, "Public Relations and Technology," 213-36; Petrison and Wang, "From Relationships to Relationship Marketing," 235-45; Ramsey, "Issues Management," 261-75; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
116. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology"; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
117. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology"; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
118. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology"; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
119. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology"; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
120. Chikudate, "Communicating Through On-Line Database Systems," 179-88; Fiur, "Information Technology: Form or Substance"; Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology"; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
121. Subjects were classified as technicians if their job titles were listed as "representative," "technician," "assistant," or "specialist"; as executives if their job titles were "vice president," "director," or "chief"; as managers if their job titles were "manager," "supervisor," or "coordinator."
122. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
123. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
124. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
125. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
126. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
127. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
128. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
129. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
130. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
131. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
132. Broom and Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," 37-56; Dozier, "Program Evaluation," 13-21; Dozier, "The Environmental Scanning Function"; Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," 327-55; Lauzen, "Public Relations Roles," 61-80; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Practitioner Role Enactment in Issue Management," Journalism Quarterly 71 (summer 1994): 356-69; Martha Lauzen, "Public Relations Manager Involvement in Strategic Issue Diagnosis," Public Relations Review 21 (4, 1995): 287-304; Lauzen and Dozier, "Missing Link," 205-220; Martha Lauzen and David Dozier, "Issues Management Mediation of Linkages Between Environmental Complexity and Management of the Public Relations Function," Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (3, 1994): 163-84; Thomsen, "Information Entrepreneurship"; Thomsen, "Using Online Databases," 103-122.
133. Approximately 78% of the sample population was female.
134. James E. Grunig and Todd Hunt, Managing Public Relations (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1984).
135. Responses ranged from a value of 1 for "diminished greatly" to a value of 5 for "increased greatly."
136. Anderson and Reagan, "Practitioner Roles and Uses of New Technologies," 156-65.
137. John V. Pavlik and David Dozier, Managing the Information Super-highway: A Report On the Issues Facing Communications Professionals (Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research and Education, 1996).
138. Springston, "Public Relations and New Media Technology," 613-14.
139. Candace White and Niranjan Raman, "The World Wide Web as a Public Relations Medium: The Use of Research, Planning, and Evaluation in Web Site Development," Public Relations Review 25 (4, 1999): 405-419.
140. Laura Hill and Candace White, "Public Relations Practitioners' Perception of the World Wide Web as a Communications Tool," Public Relations Review 26 (1, 2000): 31-51.