Trends in public relations roles: 1990-1995

Public Relations Review

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 145-163

  Toth, Elizabeth L ^a   Serini, Shirley A ^a   Wright, Donald K ^a   Emig, Arthur G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032085715     PISSN: 03638111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80048-4     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. 1. Glen M. Broom and G. D. Smith, "Testing the Practitioner's Impact on Clients," Public Relations Review 5 (1979), pp. 47-59.
2. 2. Glen M. Broom, "A Comparison of Sex Roles in Public Relations," Public Relations Review, 8 (1982), pp. 17-22.
3. 3. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, "Advancement for Public Relations Role Models," Public Relations Review 12 (1986), pp. 37-56.
4. 4. Glen M. Broom, op. cit., p. 18.
5. 5. Glen M. Broom, op. cit., p. 18.
6. 6. Glen M. Broom, op. cit., p. 18.
7. 7. Glen M. Broom, op. cit., p. 18.
8. 8. Scott M. Cutlip, Alan H. Center and Glen M. Broom, Effective Public Relations (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994), p. 43.
9. 9. David M. Dozier, Larissa A. Grunig, and James E. Grunig, The Manager's Guide to Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1995).
10. 10. David M. Dozier, "The Organizational Roles of Communications and Public Relations Practitioners," in James E. Grunig (ed.), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 1992), pp. 327-356.
11. 11. Ibid., p. 348.
12. 12. Ibid., p. 347.
13. 13. David M. Dozier, et al. op. cit.
14. 14. David M. Dozier, "The Innovation of Research in Public Relations Practice: Review of a Program of Studies," in Larissa A. Grunig and James E. Grunig (eds.), Public Relations Research Annual, Vol. 2 (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990), pp. 3-28.
15. 15. Glen M. Broom, op. cit.
16. 16. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.
17. 17. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.; Carolyn G. Cline, Lynn Masel-Walters, Elizabeth L. Toth, Judy V. Turk, H. T. Smith, and Nancy Johnson, The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Organizational Communication (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1968); Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline, Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1990); Donald K. Wright, Larissa A. Grunig, Jeff K. Springston, and Elizabeth L. Toth, Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations (New York: PRSA Foundation, 1991).
18. 17. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.; Carolyn G. Cline, Lynn Masel-Walters, Elizabeth L. Toth, Judy V. Turk, H. T. Smith, and Nancy Johnson, The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Organizational Communication (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1968); Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline, Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1990); Donald K. Wright, Larissa A. Grunig, Jeff K. Springston, and Elizabeth L. Toth, Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations (New York: PRSA Foundation, 1991).
19. 17. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.; Carolyn G. Cline, Lynn Masel-Walters, Elizabeth L. Toth, Judy V. Turk, H. T. Smith, and Nancy Johnson, The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Organizational Communication (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1968); Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline, Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1990); Donald K. Wright, Larissa A. Grunig, Jeff K. Springston, and Elizabeth L. Toth, Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations (New York: PRSA Foundation, 1991).
20. 17. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.; Carolyn G. Cline, Lynn Masel-Walters, Elizabeth L. Toth, Judy V. Turk, H. T. Smith, and Nancy Johnson, The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Organizational Communication (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1968); Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline, Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1990); Donald K. Wright, Larissa A. Grunig, Jeff K. Springston, and Elizabeth L. Toth, Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations (New York: PRSA Foundation, 1991).
21. 18. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, "Evolution of the Manager Role in Public Relations Practice," Journal of Public Relations Research 7 (1995), pp. 3-26.
22. 19. Ibid., p. 17.
23. 20. Ibid., p. 12.
24. 21. Ibid., p. 11.
25. 22. Elizabeth L. Toth and Larissa A. Grunig, "The Missing Story of Women in Public Relations," Journal of Public Relations Research 5 (1993), pp. 153-175.
26. 23. Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, Glen T. Cameron, and D.D. Sweep, "Women in Higher Education Public Relations: An Inkling of Change?" Journal of Public Relations Research 6 (1994), p. 137.
27. 24. Linda C. Hon, "Toward a Feminist Theory in Public Relations," Journal of Public Relations Research 7(1995), pp. 27-88.
28. 25. Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, Lynne Sallot, and Glen T. Cameron, "Justice and Gender: An Instrumental and Symbolic Explication," Journal of Public Relations Research 8 (1996), pp. 107-121.
29. 26. Ibid., p. 119.
30. 27. Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, Lynne Sallot, and Glen T. Cameron, 1996, op. cit.
31. 28. Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy, Glen T. Cameron, and D. D. Sweep, 1994, op. cit.
32. 29. Elizabeth L. Toth and Larissa A. Grunig, op. cit.
33. 30. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, op. cit.
34. 31. Hugh M. Culbertson, "Role Taking and Sensitivity: Keys to Playing and Making Public Relations Roles," in Larissa A. Grunig and James. E. Grunig (eds.), Public Relations Research Annual, Vol. 3 (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1991), pp. 37-67.
35. 32. See Glen M. Broom, op. cit, p. 154 and Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit, p. 39.
36. 32. See Glen M. Broom, op. cit, p. 154 and Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit, p. 39.
37. 33. Elizabeth L. Toth, "Making Peace with Gender Issues in Public Relations," Public Relations Review 14 (1988), p. 38.
38. 34. See Gary N. Powell, Women & Men in Management (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1988) and Lana F. Rakow, "From the Feminization of Public Relations to the Promise of Feminism," in Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline (eds.), Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1989), pp. 287-298.
39. 34. See Gary N. Powell, Women & Men in Management (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1988) and Lana F. Rakow, "From the Feminization of Public Relations to the Promise of Feminism," in Elizabeth L. Toth and Carolyn G. Cline (eds.), Beyond the Velvet Ghetto (San Francisco: IABC Research Foundation, 1989), pp. 287-298.
40. 35. B. L Benderly, The Myth of Two Minds: What Gender Means and Doesn't Mean (New York: Doubleday, 1987). In Larissa A. Grunig, "A Feminist Phase Analysis of Research on Women in Postmodern Public Relations," paper presented to the Second International Public Relations Research Symposium, Bled, Slovenia, July, 1995.
41. 35. B. L Benderly, The Myth of Two Minds: What Gender Means and Doesn't Mean (New York: Doubleday, 1987). In Larissa A. Grunig, "A Feminist Phase Analysis of Research on Women in Postmodern Public Relations," paper presented to the Second International Public Relations Research Symposium, Bled, Slovenia, July, 1995.
42. 36. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, op. cit.
43. 37. The authors thank Associate Professor Carol L. Hills, APR, Boston University, for the use of the 17-item list of activities used.
44. 38. See Elizabeth L. Toth and Larissa A. Grunig, op. cit.
45. 39. Glen M. Broom and Davld M. Dozier, Using Research in Public Relations: Applications to Program Management (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990), p. 181.
46. 40. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, op. cit.
47. 41. K. Lukovitz, "Women Practitioners: How Far, How Fast?" Public Relations Journal 45 (1989), pp. 14-20, 22.
48. 42. Bureau of the Census, 1995 Statistical Abstract of the U.S. (115th ed., Washington, DC, 1995), p. 411.
49. 43. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, op. cit., p. 17.
50. 44. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, 1986, op. cit.
51. 45. Elizabeth L. Toth and Larissa A. Grunig, 1990, op. cit.
52. 46. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, 1986, op. cit., p. 41.
53. 47. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, 1986, op. cit.
54. 48. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, 1995, op. cit.
55. 49. Glen M. Broom and G. M. Smith, op. cit.
56. 50. Glen M. Broom and David M. Dozier, 1986, op. cit., p. 40.
57. 51. James E. Grunig, "Communication, Public Relations, and Effective Organizations: An Overview of This Book," in J. E. Grunig (ed.), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1992), p. 33.
58. 52. David M. Dozier, Larissa A. Grunig, and James E. Grunig, The Manager's Guide to Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1995), p. 24.
59. 53. David M. Dozier and Glen M. Broom, op. cit.
60. 54. Joey Reagan, Ronald Anderson, J. Sumner, and S. Hill, "A Factor Analysis of Broom and Smith's Public Relations Roles Scale," Journalism Quarterly 67 (1990), p. 180.
61. 55. Elizabeth L. Toth and Larissa A. Grunig, op. cit.