Journalists' perceptions of online information-gathering problems

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 500-514

  Garrison, Bruce ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034259040     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900007700303     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Carol Rich, Writing and Reporting News: A Coaching Method, 3d ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000), 351-53; Melvin Mencher, News Reporting and Writing, 8th ed. (Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 2000), 332-56; Ralph S. Izard, Hugh M. Culbertson, and Donald A. Lambert, Fundamentals of News Reporting, 6th ed. (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1994), 40-42, 106.
2. Carol Rich, Writing and Reporting News: A Coaching Method, 3d ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000), 351-53; Melvin Mencher, News Reporting and Writing, 8th ed. (Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 2000), 332-56; Ralph S. Izard, Hugh M. Culbertson, and Donald A. Lambert, Fundamentals of News Reporting, 6th ed. (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1994), 40-42, 106.
3. Carol Rich, Writing and Reporting News: A Coaching Method, 3d ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000), 351-53; Melvin Mencher, News Reporting and Writing, 8th ed. (Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 2000), 332-56; Ralph S. Izard, Hugh M. Culbertson, and Donald A. Lambert, Fundamentals of News Reporting, 6th ed. (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1994), 40-42, 106.
4. Mencher, News Reporting and Writing, 309.
5. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed. (NY: Free Press, 1995); Everett M. Rogers and Arvind Singhal, "Diffusion of Innovations, "in An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, ed. Michael B. Salwen and Don W. Stacks (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996).
6. Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed. (NY: Free Press, 1995); Everett M. Rogers and Arvind Singhal, "Diffusion of Innovations, "in An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, ed. Michael B. Salwen and Don W. Stacks (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996).
7. Carolyn A. Lin and Leo W. Jeffres, "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Multimedia Cable Technology, "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (summer 1998): 341-52; Michel Dupagne, "Exploring the Characteristics of Potential High-Definition Television Adopters, "The Journal of Media Economics (1999): 35-50; Ted Carlin, "The Digital Satellite System: Innovation Attributes and Adoption" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998).
8. Carolyn A. Lin and Leo W. Jeffres, "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Multimedia Cable Technology, "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (summer 1998): 341-52; Michel Dupagne, "Exploring the Characteristics of Potential High-Definition Television Adopters, "The Journal of Media Economics (1999): 35-50; Ted Carlin, "The Digital Satellite System: Innovation Attributes and Adoption" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998).
9. Carolyn A. Lin and Leo W. Jeffres, "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Multimedia Cable Technology, "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (summer 1998): 341-52; Michel Dupagne, "Exploring the Characteristics of Potential High-Definition Television Adopters, "The Journal of Media Economics (1999): 35-50; Ted Carlin, "The Digital Satellite System: Innovation Attributes and Adoption" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998).
10. As examples, see Seungwhan Lee, "The Convergence of the Web and Television: Current Technological Situation and its Future" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Randall Patnode, "From the Ether to Cyberspace: Development Patterns in Emerging Media" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin, and Leo W. Jeffries, "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Innovations, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 80-94; Jerry Renaud and Nancy Mitchell, "Early Adopters of Audio Digital Workstations: Say Goodbye to Conventional Radio Production" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995); Greg Viggiano, "Diffusion of a Diffusion Instrument: DirecTV and DBS Services in the United States" (paper presented to the Broadcast Education Association, 1994).
11. As examples, see Seungwhan Lee, "The Convergence of the Web and Television: Current Technological Situation and its Future" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Randall Patnode, "From the Ether to Cyberspace: Development Patterns in Emerging Media" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin, and Leo W. Jeffries, "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Innovations, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 80-94; Jerry Renaud and Nancy Mitchell, "Early Adopters of Audio Digital Workstations: Say Goodbye to Conventional Radio Production" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995); Greg Viggiano, "Diffusion of a Diffusion Instrument: DirecTV and DBS Services in the United States" (paper presented to the Broadcast Education Association, 1994).
12. As examples, see Seungwhan Lee, "The Convergence of the Web and Television: Current Technological Situation and its Future" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Randall Patnode, "From the Ether to Cyberspace: Development Patterns in Emerging Media" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin, and Leo W. Jeffries, "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Innovations, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 80-94; Jerry Renaud and Nancy Mitchell, "Early Adopters of Audio Digital Workstations: Say Goodbye to Conventional Radio Production" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995); Greg Viggiano, "Diffusion of a Diffusion Instrument: DirecTV and DBS Services in the United States" (paper presented to the Broadcast Education Association, 1994).
13. As examples, see Seungwhan Lee, "The Convergence of the Web and Television: Current Technological Situation and its Future" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Randall Patnode, "From the Ether to Cyberspace: Development Patterns in Emerging Media" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin, and Leo W. Jeffries, "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Innovations, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 80-94; Jerry Renaud and Nancy Mitchell, "Early Adopters of Audio Digital Workstations: Say Goodbye to Conventional Radio Production" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995); Greg Viggiano, "Diffusion of a Diffusion Instrument: DirecTV and DBS Services in the United States" (paper presented to the Broadcast Education Association, 1994).
14. As examples, see Seungwhan Lee, "The Convergence of the Web and Television: Current Technological Situation and its Future" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Randall Patnode, "From the Ether to Cyberspace: Development Patterns in Emerging Media" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, MD, August 1998); Kimberly A. Neuendorf, David Atkin, and Leo W. Jeffries, "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Innovations, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 80-94; Jerry Renaud and Nancy Mitchell, "Early Adopters of Audio Digital Workstations: Say Goodbye to Conventional Radio Production" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995); Greg Viggiano, "Diffusion of a Diffusion Instrument: DirecTV and DBS Services in the United States" (paper presented to the Broadcast Education Association, 1994).
15. Carolyn A. Lin, "Personal Computer Adoption and Internet Use" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Anaheim, CA, August 1996): Carolyn A. Lin, "Exploring Personal Computer Adoption Dynamics, "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 95-112; Eric A. Abbott, "Re-thinking the Role of Information in Diffusion Theory" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); David J. Atkin, Leo W. Jeffries, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf, "Understanding Internet Adoption as Telecommunications Behavior, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (fall 1998): 475-90.
16. Carolyn A. Lin, "Personal Computer Adoption and Internet Use" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Anaheim, CA, August 1996): Carolyn A. Lin, "Exploring Personal Computer Adoption Dynamics, "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 95-112; Eric A. Abbott, "Re-thinking the Role of Information in Diffusion Theory" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); David J. Atkin, Leo W. Jeffries, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf, "Understanding Internet Adoption as Telecommunications Behavior, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (fall 1998): 475-90.
17. Carolyn A. Lin, "Personal Computer Adoption and Internet Use" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Anaheim, CA, August 1996): Carolyn A. Lin, "Exploring Personal Computer Adoption Dynamics, "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 95-112; Eric A. Abbott, "Re-thinking the Role of Information in Diffusion Theory" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); David J. Atkin, Leo W. Jeffries, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf, "Understanding Internet Adoption as Telecommunications Behavior, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (fall 1998): 475-90.
18. Carolyn A. Lin, "Personal Computer Adoption and Internet Use" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Anaheim, CA, August 1996): Carolyn A. Lin, "Exploring Personal Computer Adoption Dynamics, "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 42 (winter 1998): 95-112; Eric A. Abbott, "Re-thinking the Role of Information in Diffusion Theory" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); David J. Atkin, Leo W. Jeffries, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf, "Understanding Internet Adoption as Telecommunications Behavior, "Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 42 (fall 1998): 475-90.
19. For instance, see Per Hetland, "The Internet in Norway: Dissemination and Use, "Nordicom Review 20 (November 1999): 33-44; Suchitra Vattyam and Charles A. Lubbers, "A Content Analysis of the Web Pages of Large U.S. Corporations: What is the Role of Public Relations and Marketing?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Alice P. Chan and Teresa Mastin, "Internet Use and Issue Knowledge of the College-Age Population" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Mine-Ping Sun, "Effects of Home Computer Use on Adolescents' Family Lives: Time Use and Relationships with Family Members in Taiwan and America" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995).
20. For instance, see Per Hetland, "The Internet in Norway: Dissemination and Use, "Nordicom Review 20 (November 1999): 33-44; Suchitra Vattyam and Charles A. Lubbers, "A Content Analysis of the Web Pages of Large U.S. Corporations: What is the Role of Public Relations and Marketing?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Alice P. Chan and Teresa Mastin, "Internet Use and Issue Knowledge of the College-Age Population" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Mine-Ping Sun, "Effects of Home Computer Use on Adolescents' Family Lives: Time Use and Relationships with Family Members in Taiwan and America" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995).
21. For instance, see Per Hetland, "The Internet in Norway: Dissemination and Use, "Nordicom Review 20 (November 1999): 33-44; Suchitra Vattyam and Charles A. Lubbers, "A Content Analysis of the Web Pages of Large U.S. Corporations: What is the Role of Public Relations and Marketing?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Alice P. Chan and Teresa Mastin, "Internet Use and Issue Knowledge of the College-Age Population" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Mine-Ping Sun, "Effects of Home Computer Use on Adolescents' Family Lives: Time Use and Relationships with Family Members in Taiwan and America" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995).
22. For instance, see Per Hetland, "The Internet in Norway: Dissemination and Use, "Nordicom Review 20 (November 1999): 33-44; Suchitra Vattyam and Charles A. Lubbers, "A Content Analysis of the Web Pages of Large U.S. Corporations: What is the Role of Public Relations and Marketing?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Alice P. Chan and Teresa Mastin, "Internet Use and Issue Knowledge of the College-Age Population" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Mine-Ping Sun, "Effects of Home Computer Use on Adolescents' Family Lives: Time Use and Relationships with Family Members in Taiwan and America" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Washington, DC, August 1995).
23. Scott R. Maier, "Digital Diffusion in Newsrooms: The Uneven Advance of Computer-Assisted Reporting, "Newspaper Research Journal 21 (spring 2000): 95-110.
24. Maier, "Digital Diffusion in Newsrooms, "104.
25. Bruce Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology: On-line Research in Newspaper Newsrooms, "Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 6 (spring 2000): 84-105; Bruce Garrison, "Journalists and Their Computers: An Inseparable Link for the Future?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Walter E. Niebauer Jr., Eric A. Abbott, Lorena Corbin, and John Neibergall, "Computer Adoption Levels of Iowa Dailies and Weeklies, "Newspaper Research Journal 21 (spring 2000): 84-94.
26. Bruce Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology: On-line Research in Newspaper Newsrooms, "Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 6 (spring 2000): 84-105; Bruce Garrison, "Journalists and Their Computers: An Inseparable Link for the Future?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Walter E. Niebauer Jr., Eric A. Abbott, Lorena Corbin, and John Neibergall, "Computer Adoption Levels of Iowa Dailies and Weeklies, "Newspaper Research Journal 21 (spring 2000): 84-94.
27. Bruce Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology: On-line Research in Newspaper Newsrooms, "Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 6 (spring 2000): 84-105; Bruce Garrison, "Journalists and Their Computers: An Inseparable Link for the Future?" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, New Orleans, August 1999); Walter E. Niebauer Jr., Eric A. Abbott, Lorena Corbin, and John Neibergall, "Computer Adoption Levels of Iowa Dailies and Weeklies, "Newspaper Research Journal 21 (spring 2000): 84-94.
28. Fred Fedler, Media Hoaxes (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1989).
29. Bruce Garrison, Professional News Reporting (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992), 69-91; Mencher, News Reporting and Writing; Izard, Culbertson, and Lambert, fundamentals of News Reporting, 40-42, 106.
30. Bruce Garrison, Professional News Reporting (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992), 69-91; Mencher, News Reporting and Writing; Izard, Culbertson, and Lambert, fundamentals of News Reporting, 40-42, 106.
31. Bruce Garrison, Professional News Reporting (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992), 69-91; Mencher, News Reporting and Writing; Izard, Culbertson, and Lambert, fundamentals of News Reporting, 40-42, 106.
32. Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor (NY: HarperCollins, 1999), 79-80.
33. Steven Ross and Don Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study: 1997 Fourth Annual National Survey, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm (11 November 1998); Chris Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "American Journalism Review 19 (April 1997): 38-39; Bruce Garrison, "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998); Randy Reddick and Elliot King, The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 3-5; Barbara K. Kaye and Norman J. Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1997), 2-16.
34. Steven Ross and Don Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study: 1997 Fourth Annual National Survey, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm (11 November 1998); Chris Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "American Journalism Review 19 (April 1997): 38-39; Bruce Garrison, "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998); Randy Reddick and Elliot King, The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 3-5; Barbara K. Kaye and Norman J. Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1997), 2-16.
35. Steven Ross and Don Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study: 1997 Fourth Annual National Survey, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm (11 November 1998); Chris Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "American Journalism Review 19 (April 1997): 38-39; Bruce Garrison, "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998); Randy Reddick and Elliot King, The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 3-5; Barbara K. Kaye and Norman J. Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1997), 2-16.
36. Steven Ross and Don Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study: 1997 Fourth Annual National Survey, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm (11 November 1998); Chris Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "American Journalism Review 19 (April 1997): 38-39; Bruce Garrison, "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998); Randy Reddick and Elliot King, The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 3-5; Barbara K. Kaye and Norman J. Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1997), 2-16.
37. Steven Ross and Don Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study: 1997 Fourth Annual National Survey, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm (11 November 1998); Chris Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "American Journalism Review 19 (April 1997): 38-39; Bruce Garrison, "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998); Randy Reddick and Elliot King, The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 3-5; Barbara K. Kaye and Norman J. Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1997), 2-16.
38. Barbara. P. Semonche, "Computer-Assisted Journalism: An Overview, "in News Media Libraries: A Management Handbook, ed. Barbara P. Semonche (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993), 267.
39. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
40. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
41. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
42. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
43. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
44. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
45. Christopher Callahan, A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999), 1-8; Bruce Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 2d ed. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998), 3-32; Bruce Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 1-27; Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, The Search: Information Gathering for the Mass Media (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1992), 1-7; Kaye and Medoff, The World Wide Web: A Mass Communication Perspective, 2-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 3-5; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study, http://mediasource.com/intro.htm.
46. Jean Ward and Kathleen A. Hansen, Search Strategies in Mass Communication, 3d ed. (NY: Longman, 1997), 194-201.
47. Ward and Hansen, Search Strategies, 194-201; Garrison, "Caught in the Web, "4-6; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study.
48. Ward and Hansen, Search Strategies, 194-201; Garrison, "Caught in the Web, "4-6; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study.
49. Ward and Hansen, Search Strategies, 194-201; Garrison, "Caught in the Web, "4-6; Ross and Middleberg, Media in Cyberspace Study.
50. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
51. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
52. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
53. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
54. Bruce Garrison, "Online Services As Reporting Tools: Daily Newspaper Use of Commercial Databases in 1994, "Newspaper Research Journal 16 (fall 1995): 74-86.
55. Carl Sessions Stepp, "The New Journalist: The On-Line Era Demands Added Skills and Innovative Ways of Looking at the Profession, "American Journalism Review, http://ajr.newslink.org/ajrstep1.html (April 1996).
56. Edwin Schlossberg, "A Question of Trust, "Brill's Content 2 (March 1999): 68-70.
57. John Freed, "Keeping Your Data in Shape" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); George Landau, "Cleaning Dirty Data" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting, 162-63.
58. John Freed, "Keeping Your Data in Shape" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); George Landau, "Cleaning Dirty Data" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting, 162-63.
59. John Freed, "Keeping Your Data in Shape" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); George Landau, "Cleaning Dirty Data" (unpublished presentation, Investigative Reporters and Editors, St. Louis, June 1994); Garrison, Successful Strategies for Computer-Assisted Reporting, 162-63.
60. Bruce Garrison, "Judging Web Site Content Not Always Simple, "College Media Review 36 (winter 1998): 29, 31.
61. Cheryl Harris, An Internet Education: A Guide to Doing Research on the Internet (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1996), 113.
62. Callahan, "The Cyberspace Advantage, "38-39.
63. Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 417-18; Jane B. Singer, Martha P. Tharp, and Amon Haruta, "Superstars or Second-Class Citizens: Management and Staffing Issues Affecting Newspapers' Online Journalists" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998).
64. Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting, 417-18; Jane B. Singer, Martha P. Tharp, and Amon Haruta, "Superstars or Second-Class Citizens: Management and Staffing Issues Affecting Newspapers' Online Journalists" (paper presented to the annual meeting of AEJMC, Baltimore, 1998).
65. Diane K. Kovacs, The Internet Trainer's Guide (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995), 15-19; Garrison, Successful Strategies, 199-201.
66. Diane K. Kovacs, The Internet Trainer's Guide (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995), 15-19; Garrison, Successful Strategies, 199-201.
67. Jane B. Singer, "Virtual Anonymity: Online Accountability in Political Bulletin Boards and the Makings of the Virtuous Virtual Journalist, "Journal of Mass Media Ethics 11 (1995): 95-106.
68. James Evans, Government on the Net (Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 1998), 1-16; J.D. Lasica, "Get It Fast, But Get It Right, "American Journalism Review 19 (October 1997): 64; Mary McGuire, Linda Stilborne, Melinda McAdams, and Laurel Hyatt, The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists (Toronto: Trifolium Books, 1997), 114-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 187-88.
69. James Evans, Government on the Net (Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 1998), 1-16; J.D. Lasica, "Get It Fast, But Get It Right, "American Journalism Review 19 (October 1997): 64; Mary McGuire, Linda Stilborne, Melinda McAdams, and Laurel Hyatt, The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists (Toronto: Trifolium Books, 1997), 114-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 187-88.
70. James Evans, Government on the Net (Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 1998), 1-16; J.D. Lasica, "Get It Fast, But Get It Right, "American Journalism Review 19 (October 1997): 64; Mary McGuire, Linda Stilborne, Melinda McAdams, and Laurel Hyatt, The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists (Toronto: Trifolium Books, 1997), 114-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 187-88.
71. James Evans, Government on the Net (Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 1998), 1-16; J.D. Lasica, "Get It Fast, But Get It Right, "American Journalism Review 19 (October 1997): 64; Mary McGuire, Linda Stilborne, Melinda McAdams, and Laurel Hyatt, The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists (Toronto: Trifolium Books, 1997), 114-16; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist, 187-88.
72. Jennie L. Phipps, "Hackers: Can You Stop Them?" mediainfo.com (November 1998), 4-8; McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116, 230.
73. Jennie L. Phipps, "Hackers: Can You Stop Them?" mediainfo.com (November 1998), 4-8; McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116, 230.
74. Gwen Carleton, "Internet Robust But Unreliable, "Uplink 6 (September 1994): 8.
75. Schlossberg, "A Question of Trust, "18-20.
76. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 114-16; Evans, Government on the Net, 1-16.
77. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 114-16; Evans, Government on the Net, 1-16.
78. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 114-16.
79. Dianne Lynch, "Without A Rulebook, "American Journalism Review 20 (January/February 1998): 40-45.
80. Carleton, "Internet Robust But Unreliable, "8.
81. Whit Andrews, "Surveillance in Cyberspace, "American Journalism Review 18 (March 1996): 12.
82. Bryan Pfaffenberger, Web Search Strategies (NY: MIS:Press, 1996), 1-5.
83. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116.
84. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116; Garrison, Successful Strategies, 154-58; Pfaffenberger, Web Search Strategies, 13-19.
85. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116; Garrison, Successful Strategies, 154-58; Pfaffenberger, Web Search Strategies, 13-19.
86. McGuire et al., The Internet Handbook for Writers, Researchers, and Journalists, 116; Garrison, Successful Strategies, 154-58; Pfaffenberger, Web Search Strategies, 13-19.
87. Alfred and Emily Glossbrenner, Search Engines for the World Wide Web, 2d ed. (Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 1999), xi, 3-4.
88. Glossbrenner, Search Engines, 5-6, 33-46.
89. Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles, "Availability of Information on the Web, "Nature, 8 July 1999, 107-110; Larry Williams, "Search Engines Not Keeping Up with the Internet, "The Miami Herald, 297, 8 July 1999, sec. A, p. 15.
90. Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles, "Availability of Information on the Web, "Nature, 8 July 1999, 107-110; Larry Williams, "Search Engines Not Keeping Up with the Internet, "The Miami Herald, 297, 8 July 1999, sec. A, p. 15.
91. Lynch, "Without a Rulebook, "42.
92. For example, see Ian E. Anderson, ed., Editor & Publisher International Year Book 1998 (NY: Editor & Publisher, 1998).
93. Additional analysis of these roles and job categories has been reported in another study. See Bruce Garrison, "Journalists' Newsroom Roles and Their World Wide Web Search Habits, "(paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Phoenix, August 2000). An earlier version was presented to the Southeast Colloquium, Newspaper Division, AEJMC, Chapel Hill, NC, March 2000.
94. Charles L. Martin, "The Impact of Topic Interest on Mail Survey Response Behaviour, "Journal of the Market Research Society 36 (October 1994): 327-38; see also Ronald Czaja and Johnny Blair, Designing Surveys: A Guide to Decisions and Procedures (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1996), 35-36.
95. Charles L. Martin, "The Impact of Topic Interest on Mail Survey Response Behaviour, "Journal of the Market Research Society 36 (October 1994): 327-38; see also Ronald Czaja and Johnny Blair, Designing Surveys: A Guide to Decisions and Procedures (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1996), 35-36.
96. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
97. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
98. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.
99. Garrison, "Diffusion of a New Technology"; Garrison, Computer-Assisted Reporting; Garrison, Successful Strategies; Reddick and King, The Online Journalist.