Recent progress in tumour vaccine development

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 971-981

  Le Poole, I Caroline ^a,b,c   Bommiasamy, Hemamalini ^a   Kast, W Martin ^a,b  

^a LOYOLA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO   (United States)

^c LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adjuvants; Antibodies; Antigens; Dendritic cells; Immune monitoring; Immunotherapy; T cells; Tumour vaccine

Indexed keywords

3 (4 AMINO 1,3 DIHYDRO 1,3 DIOXO 2H ISOINDOL 2 YL)GLUTARIMIDE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIBODY; ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODY; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; B7 ANTIGEN; CANCER VACCINE; CANVAXIN; CD40 LIGAND; DNA VACCINE; GANGLIOSIDE GM3; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 110; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; MELANOMA VACCINE; NAKED DNA; RANTES; RNA; THALIDOMIDE DERIVATIVE; TRASTUZUMAB; TRIGEM; TUMOR ANTIGEN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VACCINIA VACCINE;

CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CELL FUNCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG TARGETING; GLIOMA; GLIOSARCOMA; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; LIVER CANCER; MELANOMA; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; TUMOR IMMUNITY; VACCINE PRODUCTION; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; CANCER VACCINES; CLINICAL TRIALS; DRUG DESIGN; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0038685907     PISSN: 13543784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/eoid.12.6.971.21786     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. KLADE CS: Proteomics approaches towards antigen discovery and vaccine development. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. (2002) 4(3):216-223.
2. TIMMERMAN JM: Vaccine therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. (2002) 3(4):307-315.
3. COHEN L, DE MOOR C, PARKER PA, AMATO RJ: Quality of life in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma participating in a Phase I trial of an autologous tumor-derived vaccine. Urol. Oncol. (2002) 7(3):119-124.
4. WARD S, CASEY D, LABARTHE MC et al.: Immunotherapeutic potential of whole tumour cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(7):351-357.
5. SAHARA H, NABETA Y, TORIGOE T et al.: A gene encoding human gastric signet ring cell carcinoma antigen recognized by HLA-A31-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunother. (2002) 25(3):235-242.
6. ROBERTS WK, LIVINGSTON PO, AGUS DB, PINILLA-IBARZ J, ZELENETZ A, SCHEINBERG DA: Vaccination with CD20 peptides induces a biologically active, specific immune response in mice. Blood (2002) 99(10):3748-3755.
7. FRANCINI G, SCARDINO A, KOSMATOPOULOS K et al: High-affinity HLA-A(*)02.01 peptides from parathyroid hormone-related protein generate in vitro and in vivo antitumor CTL response without autoimmune side effects. J. Immunol. (2002) 169(9):4840-4849.
8. MAEDA Y, ITO M, HARASHIMA N et al.: Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) derived peptides can induce HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs in the majority of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 99(3):409-417.
9. HUANG S, PREUSS KD, XIE X, REGITZ E, PFREUNDSCHUH M: Analysis of the antibody repertoire of lymphoma patients. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(11-12):655-662.
10. WEINSCHENK T, GOUTTEFANGEAS C, SCHIRLE M et al.: Integrated functional genomics approach for the design of patient-individual antitumor vaccines. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5818-5827.
11. HERNANDEZ J, GARCIA-PONS F, LONE YC et al.: Identification of a human telomerase reverse transcriptase peptide of low affinity for HLA A2.1 that induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and mediates lysis of tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99(19):12275-12280.
12. BARATIN M, KAYIBANDA M, ZIOL M et al.: Amino acid modifications in the wild type sequence p53 232-240 overcome the poor immunogenicity of this self tumour epitope. J. Pept. Sci. (2002) 8(7):327-334.
13. HUARTE E, SAROBE P, LU J et al.: Enhancing immunogenicity of a CTL epitope from carcinoembryonic antigen by selective amino acid replacements. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(7):2336-2344.
14. CELIS E: Getting peptide vaccines to work: just a matter of quality control? J. Clin. Invest. (2002) 110(12):1765-1768.
15. LU J, CELIS E: Recognition of prostate tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5807-5812.
16. DUTOIT V, TAUB RN, PAPADOPOULOS KP et al.: Multiepitope CD8(+) T cell response to a NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine results in imprecise tumor targeting. J. Clin. Invest. (2002) 10(12):1813-1822.
17. GNJATIC S, JAGER E, CHEN W et al.: CD8(+) T cell responses against a dominant cryptic HLA-A2 epitope after NY-ESO-1 peptide immunization of cancer patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99(18):11813-11818.
18. GRAFF-DUBOIS S, FAURE O, GROSS DA et al.: Generation of CTL recognizing an HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope shared by MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12 tumor antigens: implication in a broad-spectrum tumor immunotherapy. J. Immunol. (2002) 169(1):575-580.
19. RAGUPATHI G, COLTART DM, WILLIAMS LJ et al.: On the power of chemical synthesis: immunological evaluation of models for multiantigenic carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99(21):13699-13704.
20. ZENG G, LI Y, EL-GAMIL M et al.: Generation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by a single peptide with dual MHC class I and class II specificities: a new strategy for vaccine design. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(13):3630-3635.
21. FOY TM, FANGER GR, HAND S, GERARD C, BRUCK C, CHEEVER MA: Designing HER2 vaccines. Semin. Oncol. (2002) 29(3 Suppl. 11):53-61.
22. IKUTA Y, KATAYAMA N, WANG L et al.: Presentation of a major histocompatibility complex class 1-binding peptide by monocyte-derived dendritic cells incorporating hydrophobized polysaccharide-truncated HER2 protein complex: implications for a polyvalent immuno-cell therapy. Blood (2002) 99(10):3717-3724.
23. MACHIELS JP, VAN BAREN N, MARCHAND M: Peptide-based cancer vaccines. Semin. Oncol. (2002) 29(5):494-502.
24. PARMIANI G, CASTELLI C, DALERBA P et al.: Cancer immunotherapy with peptide-based vaccines: what have we achieved? Where are we going? J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2002) 94(11):805-818.
25. HE J, SHEN D, O'DONNELL MA, CHANG HR: Induction of MUC1-specific cellular immunity by a recombinant BCG expressing human MUC1 and secreting IL2. Int. J. Oncol. (2002) 20(6):1305-1311.
26. STRIPECKE R, LEVINE AM, PULLARKAT V, CARDOSO AA: Immunotherapy with acute leukemia cells modified into antigen-presenting cells: ex vivo culture and gene transfer methods. Leukemia (2002) 16(10):1974-1983.
27. SHAWLER DL, BARTHOLOMEW RM, GARRETT MA et al.: Antigenic and immunologic characterization of an allogeneic colon carcinoma vaccine. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (2002) 129(1):99-106.
28. BERD D, SATO T, MASTRANGELO MJ: Effect of the dose and composition of an autologous hapten-modified melanoma vaccine on the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(6):320-326.
29. LINARDAKIS E, BATEMAN A, PHAN V et al.: Enhancing the efficacy of a weak allogeneic melanoma vaccine by viral fusogenic membrane glycoprotein-mediated tumor cell-tumor cell fusion. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(19):5495-5504.
30. WHITESIDE TL, GAMBOTTO A, ALBERS A, STANSON J, COHEN EP: Human tumor-derived genomic DNA transduced into a recipient cell induces tumor-specific immune responses ex vivo. Prac. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99(14):9415-9420.
31. BENVENUTI F, BURRONE OR: Genetic vaccination for the immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies. Curr. Gene Ther. (2002) 2(2):235-242.
32. GHOSH MK, LI CL, FAYOLLE C et al.: Induction of HLA-A2-restricted CTL responses by a tubular structure carrying human melanoma epitopes. Vaccine (2002) 20(19-20):2463-2473.
33. KAISHO T, AKIRA S: Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2002): 1-13.
34. FAY JW: Hematopoietic growth factors, dendritic cell biology, and vaccine therapy of cancer. Curr. Opin. Hematol. (2002) 9(3):202-206.
35. MOHTY M, OLIVE D, GAUGLER B: Leukemic dendritic cells: potential for therapy and insights towards immune escape by leukemic blasts. Leukemia (2002) 16(11):2197-2204.
36. FONG CL, HUI KM: Generation of potent and specific cellular immune responses via in vivo stimulation of dendritic cells by pNGVL3-hFLex plasmid DNA and immunogenic peptides. Gene Ther. (2002) 9(17):1127-1138.
37. PONSAERTS P, VAN DEN BOSCH G, COOLS N et al.: Messenger RNA electroporation of human monocytes, followed by rapid in vitro differentiation, leads to highly stimulatory antigen-loaded mature dendritic cells. J. Immunol. (2002) 169(4):1669-1675.
38. GALEA-LAURI J, DARLING D, MUFTI G, HARRISON P, FARZANEH F: Eliciting cytotoxic T lymphocytes against acute myeloid leukemia-derived antigens: evaluation of dendritic cell-leukemia cell hybrids and other antigen-loading strategies for dendritic cell-based vaccination. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(6):299-310.
39. SCHEFFER SR, NAVE H, KORANGY F et al:. Apoptotic, but not necrotic, tumor cell vaccines induce a potent immune response in vivo. Int. J. Cancer (2003) 103(2):205-211.
40. FENG H, ZENG Y, GRANER MW, KATSANIS E: Stressed apoptotic tumor cells stimulate dendritic cells and induce specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood (2002) 100(12):4108-4115.
41. PRINS RM, SCOTT GP, MERCHANT RE, GRAF MR: Irradiated tumor cell vaccine for treatment of an established glioma. II. Expansion of myeloid suppressor cells that promote tumor progression. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(4):190-199.
42. LIU Y, ZHANG W, CHAN T, SAXENA A, XIANG J: Engineered fusion hybrid vaccine of IL-4 gene-modified myeloma and relative mature dendritic cells enhances antitumor immunity. Leuk. Res. (2002) 26(8):757-763.
43. JANTSCHEFF P, SPAGNOLI G, ZAJAC P, ROCHLITZ CF: Cell fusion: an approach to generating constitutively proliferating human tumor antigen-presenting cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(7):367-375.
44. RAFIQ K, BERGTOLD A, CLYNES R: Immune complex-mediated antigen presentation induces tumor immunity. J. Clin. Invest. (2002) 110(1):71-79.
45. KALERGIS AM, RAVETCH JV: Inducing tumor immunity through the selective engagement of activating Fcγ receptors on dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. (2002) 195(12):1653-1659.
46. VIDOVIC D, GRADDIS T, CHEN F et al.: Antitumor vaccination with HER-2-derived recombinant antigens. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 102(6):660-664.
47. YEI S, BARTHOLOMEW RM, PEZZOLI P et al.: Novel membrane-bound GM-CSF vaccines for the treatment of cancer: generation and evaluation of mbGM-CSF mouse B16F10 melanoma cell vaccine. Gene Ther. (2002) 9(19):1302-1311.
48. BANCHEREAU J: The long arm of the immune system. Sci. Am. (2002) 287(5):52-59.
49. TEMME A, MORGENROTH A, SCHMITZ M et al.: Efficient transduction and long-term retroviral expression of the melanoma-associated tumor antigen tyrosinase in CD34(+) cord blood-derived dendritic cells. Gene Ther. (2002) 9(22):1551-1560.
50. TATSUMI T, GAMBOTTO A, ROBBINS PD, STORKUS WJ: Interleukin 18 gene transfer expands the repertoire of antitumor Th1 -type immunity elicited by dendritic cell-based vaccines in association with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5853-5858.
51. BIRAGYN A, RUFFINI PA, LEIFER CA et al.: Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by β-defensin 2. Science (2002) 298(5595):1025-1029.
52. LUNDQVIST A, NAGATA T, KIESSLING R, PISA P: Mature dendritic cells are protected from Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis by upregulation of Bcl-X(L). Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(3):139-144.
53. SMITS HH, HILKENS CM, KALINSKI P, KAPSENBERG ML, WIERENGA EA: How to deal with polarized Th2 cells: exploring the Achilles' heel. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (2001) 126(2):102-110.
54. TIMMERMAN JM, SINGH G, HERMANSON G et al.: Immunogenicity of a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding chimeric idiotype in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5845-5852.
55. RUFFINI PA, BIRAGYN A, KWAK LW: Recent advances in multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Biomed. Pharmacother. (2002) 56(3):129-132.
56. HU HM, POEHLEIN CH, URBA WJ, FOX BA: Development of antitumor immune responses in reconstituted lymphopenic hosts. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(14):3914-3919.
57. FORCONI F, KING CA, SAHOTA SS, KENNAWAY CK, RUSSELL NH, STEVENSON FK: Insight into the potential for DNA idiotypic fusion vaccines designed for patients by analysing xenogeneic anti-idiotypic antibody responses. Immunology (2002) 107(1):39-45.
58. HUANG J, SHEU JJ, WU SC, CHANG TW: Down regulation of B cells by immunization with a fusion protein of a self CD20 peptide and a foreign IgG.Fc fragment. Immunol. Lett. 81(1):49-58.
59. LUTZKY J, GONZALEZ-ANGULO AM, ORZANO JA: Antibody-based vaccines for the treatment of melanoma. Semin. Oncol. (2002) 29(5):462-470.
60. KURATSUKURI K, SONE T, WANG CY, NISHISAKA N, JONES RF, HAAS GP: Inhibition of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive tumor growth by vaccination with either full-length or the C-terminal end of PSMA. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 102(3):244-249.
61. RAGUPATHI G, DESHPANDE PP, COLTART DM et al.: Constructing an adenocarcinoma vaccine: immunization of mice with synthetic KH-1 nonasaccharide stimulates anti-KH-1 and anti-Le(y) antibodies. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 99(2):207-212.
62. BADA A, CASACO PARADA A, ARTEAGA M et al.: Toxicity of a GM3 cancer vaccine in Macaca fascicularis monkey: a 12-month study. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. (2002) 21(5):263-267.
63. PLUNKETT TA, MILES DW: 13. New biological therapies for breast cancer. Int. J. Clin. Pract. (2002) 56(4):261-266.
64. ARMSTRONG TD, JAFFEE EM: Cytokine modified tumor vaccines. Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. (2002) 11(3):681-696.
65. DREDGE K, MARRIOTT JB, TODRYK SM, DALGLEISH AG: Adjuvants and the promotion of Th1-type cytokines in tumour immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(10):521-531.
66. DREDGE K, MARRIOTT JB, TODRYK SM et al.: Protective antitumor immunity induced by a costimulatory thalidomide analog in conjunction with whole tumor cell vaccination is mediated by increased Th1-type immunity. J. Immunol. (2002) 168(10):4914-4919.
67. LEFRANC F, COOL V, VELU T, BROTCHI J, DE WITTE O: Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene transfer to induce a protective anti-tumoral immune response against the 9L rat gliosarcoma model. Int. J. Oncol. (2002) 20(5):1077-1085.
68. PARNEY IF, FARR-JONES MA, KANE K, CHANG LJ, PETRUK KC: Human autologous in vitro models of glioma immunogene therapy using B7-2, GM-CSF, and IL12. Can J. Neurol Sci. (2002) 29(3):267-275.
69. DELMAN KA, ZAGER JS, BENNETT JJ et al.: Efficacy of multiagent herpes simplex virus amplicon-mediated immunotherapy as adjuvant treatment fbr experimental hepatic cancer. Ann. Surg. (2002) 236(3):337-342.
70. STRITZKE J, ZUNKEL T, STEINMANN J, SCHMITZ N, UHAREK L, ZEIS M: Therapeutic effects of idiotype vaccination can be enhanced by the combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 in a myeloma model. Br. J. Haematol. (2003) 120(1):27-35.
71. AARTS WM, SCHLOM J, HODGE JW: Vector-based vaccine/cytokine combination therapy to enhance induction of immune responses to a self-antigen and antitumor activity. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5770-5777.
72. GREINER JW, ZEYTIN H, ANVER MR, SCHLOM J: Vaccine-based therapy directed against carcinoembryonic antigen demonstrates antitumor activity on spontaneous intestinal tumors in the absence of autoimmunity. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(23):6944-6951.
73. FISHMAN M, SEIGNE J: Immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer Control (2002) 9(4):293-304.
74. AGARWALA SS: Intermediate- and high-risk melanoma. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. (2002) 3(3):205-217.
75. WANG XY, LI Y, MANJILI MH, REPASKY EA, PARDOLL DM, SUBJECK JR: Hsp110 over-expression increases the immunogenicity of the murine CT26 colon tumor. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(6):311-319.
76. CIUPITU AM, PETERSSON M, KONO K, CHARO J, KIESSLING R: Immunization with heat shock protein 70 from methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas induces tumor protection correlating with in vitro T cell responses. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(3):163-170.
77. LINGNAU K, EGYED A, SCHELLACK C et al.: Poly-L-arginine synergizes with oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs (CpG-ODN) for enhanced and prolonged immune responses and prevents the CpG-ODN-induced systemic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Vaccine (2002) 20(29-30):3498-3508.
78. MATTNER F, FLEITMANN JK, LINGNAU K et al.: Vaccination with poly-L-arginine as immunostimulant forpeptide vaccines: induction of potent and long-lasting T-cell responses against cancer antigens. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(5):1477-1480.
79. BRIONES J, TIMMERMAN J, LEVY R: In vivo antitumor effect of CD40L-transduced tumor cells as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(11):3195-3199.
80. XIA J, TANAKA Y, KOIDO S et al:. Prevention of spontaneous breast carcinoma by prophylactic vaccination with dendritic/ tumor fusion cells. J. Immunol. (2003) 170(4):1980-1986.
81. MCCONNELL EJ, PATHANGEY LB, MADSEN CS, GENDLER SJ, MUKHERJEE P: Dendritic cell-tumor cell fusion and staphylococcal enterotoxin B treatment in a pancreatic tumor model. J. Surg. Res. (2002) 107(2):196-202.
82. EIBEN GL, VELDERS MP, SCHREIBER H et al.: Establishment of an HLA-A*0201 human papillomavirus Type 16 tumor model to determine the efficacy of vaccination strategies in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(20):5792-5799.
83. PALMOWSKI MJ, CHOI EM, HERMANS IF et al.: Competition between CTL narrows the immune response induced by prime-boost vaccination protocols. J. Immunol. (2002) 168(9):4391-4398.
84. LIU WJ, GAO F, ZHAO KN et al.: Codon modified human papillomavirus Type 16 E7 DNA vaccine enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction and anti-tumour activity. Virology (2002) 301(1):43-52.
85. SOJKA DK, FELNEROVA D, MOKYR MB: Anti-metastatic activity of hapten-modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in an animal tumor model. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(4):200-208.
86. HU HM, POEHLEIN CH, URBA WJ, FOX BA: Development of antitumor immune responses in reconstituted lymphopenic hosts. Cancer Res. (2002) 62(14):3914-3919.
87. MINEV BR: Melanoma vaccines. Semin. Oncol. (2002) 29(5):479-543.
88. WEBER J, SONDAK VK, SCOTLAND R et al.: Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor added to a multipeptide vaccine for resected Stage II melanoma. Cancer (2003) 97(1):186-200.
89. BELLI F, TESTORI A, RIVOLTINI L et al.: Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complexes: clinical and immunologic findings. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20(20):4169-4180.
90. SCHULER-THURNER B, SCHULTZ ES, BERGER TG et al.: Rapid induction of tumor-specific Type 1 T helper cells in metastatic melanoma patients by vaccination with mature, cryopreserved, peptide-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells J. Exp. Med. (2002) 195(10):1279-1288.
91. HSUEH EC, ESSNER R, FOSHAG LJ et al.: Prolonged survival after complete resection of disseminated melanoma and active immunotherapy with a therapeutic cancer vaccine. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20(23):4549-4554.
92. SCHEIBENBOGEN C, NAGORSEN D, SELIGER B et al.: Long-term freedom from recurrence in 2 stage IV melanoma patients following vaccination with tyrosinase peptides. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 99(3):403-408.
93. MORTON DL, HSUEH EC, ESSNER R et al.: Prolonged survival of patients receiving active immunotherapy with Canvaxin therapeutic polyvalent vaccine after complete resection of melanoma metastatic to regional lymph nodes. Ann. Surg. (2002) 236(4):438-448.
94. HERSEY P, COATES AS, MCCARTHY WH et al.: Adjuvant immunotherapy of patients with high-risk melanoma using vaccinia viral lysates of melanoma: results of a randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20(20):4181-4190.
95. VAISHAMPAYAN U, ABRAMS J, DARRAH D, JONES V, MITCHELL MS: Active immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma with allogeneic melanoma lysates and interferon alpha. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(12):3696-701.
96. DIFRONZO LA, GUPTA RK, ESSNER R et al.: Enhanced humoral immune response correlates with improved disease-free and overall survival in American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II melanoma patients receiving adjuvant polyvalent vaccine. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20(15):3242-3248.
97. BAARS A, VAN RIEL JM, CUESTA MA, JASPARS EH, PINEDO HM, VAN DENEERTWEGH AJ: Metastasectomy and active specific immunotherapy for a large single melanoma metastasis. Hepatogastroenterology (2002) 49(45):691-693.
98. GULLEY J, CHEN AP, DAHUT W et al.: Phase I study of a vaccine using recombinant vaccinia virus expressing PSA (rV-PSA) in patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. Prostate (2002) 53(2):109-117.
99. CONRY RM, CURIEL DT, STRONG TV et al.: Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen in colorectal carcinoma patients. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(9):2782-2787.
100. MOULTON HM, YOSHIHARA PH, MASON DH, IVERSEN PL, TRIOZZI PL: Active specific immunotherapy with a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin peptide vaccine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: antibody response is associated with improved survival. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(7):2044-2051.
101. KNUTSON KL, SCHIFFMAN K, CHEEVER MA, DISIS ML: Immunization of cancer patients with a HER-2/neu, HLA-A2 peptide, p369-377, results in short-lived peptide-specific immunity. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(5):1014-1018.
102. ANTONIA SJ, SEIGNE J, DIAZ J et al.: Phase I trial of a B7-1 (CD80) gene modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in combination with systemic interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. (2002) 167(5):1995-2000.
103. LOTEM M, PERETZ T, DRIZE O et al.: Autologous cell vaccine as a post operative adjuvant treatment for high-risk melanoma patients (AJCC stages III and IV). The new American Joint Committee on Cancer. Br. J. Cancer. (2002) 86(10):1534-1539.
104. SCHIFFMAN K, RINN K, DISIS ML: Delayed type hypersensitivity response to recall antigens does not accurately reflect immune competence in advanced stage breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2002) 74(1):17-23.
105. MENG WS, BUTTERFIELD LH: Rational design of peptide-based tumor vaccines. Pharm. Res. (2002) 19(7):926-932.
106. KEILHOLZ U, WEBER J, FINKE JH et al.: Immunologic monitoring of cancer vaccine therapy: results of a workshop sponsored by the Society for Biological Therapy. J. Immunother. (2002) 25(2):97-138.
107. HOUSSEAU F, LINDSEY KR, OBERHOLTZER SD et al.: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR as a method for monitoring T lymphocyte reactivity to full-length tyrosinase protein in vaccinated melanoma patients. J. Immunol. Methods. (2002) 266(1-2):87-103.
108. MONSURRO V, NAGORSEN D, WANG E et al.: Functional heterogeneity of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells. J. Immunol. (2002) 168(11):5933-5942.
109. MANNE J, MASTRANGELO MJ, SATO T, BERD D: TCR rearrangement in lymphocytes infiltrating melanoma metastases after administration of autologous dinitrophenyl-modified vaccine. J. Immunol. (2002) 169(6):3407-3412.
110. ROSZKOWSKI JJ, YU DC, RUBINSTEIN MP, MCKEE MD, COLE DJ, NISHIMURA MI: CD8-Independent tumor cell recognition is a property of the T cell receptor of the T cell receptor and not the T cell. J. Immunol. (2003) 170:2582-9
111. SIYINSKI CL, KOHLGRAF KG, VANLITH ML, MORIKANE K, TEMPERO RM, HOLLINGSWORTH MA: Molecular requirements for CD8-mediated rejection of a MUC1-expressing pancreatic carcinoma: implications for tumor vaccines. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2002) 51(6):327-340.
112. LAMBERT LA, GIBSON GR, MALONEY M, DURELL B, NOELLE RJ, BARTH RJ: Intranodal immunization with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells enhances protective antitumor immunity. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(2):641-646.
113. KOUTSKY LA, AULT KA, WHEELER CM et al.: A controlled tiral of a human papillomavirus Type 16 vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347(21):1645-1651.
114. LU G, JANJIC BM, JANJIC J et al.: Innate direct anticancer function of human immature dendritic cells. II. Role of TNF, lmphotoxin effector function of human immature dendritic cells. II. Role of TNF, lymphotoxin-alpha(1)beta(2), Fas-ligand, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. J. Immunol. (2002) 168(4):1831-1839.
115. DUDLEY ME, WUDNERLICH JR, ROBBINS PF et al.: Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science (2002) 298(5594):850-854.