메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 17-25

Molecular determinants of glucocorticoid sensitivity and resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Author keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Apoptosis; Childhood; Glucocorticoid; Glucocorticoid receptor; Resistance

Indexed keywords

CHAPERONE; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN; MYC PROTEIN; RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1;

EID: 0037268987     PISSN: 08876924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402733     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (144)

References (119)
  • 2
    • 0023186011 scopus 로고
    • Die corticosteroid-abhangige dezemierung der leukamiezellzahl im blut als prognose-faktor bei der akuten lymphoblastischen leukemie im kindesalter (therapiestudie ALL-BFM 83)
    • Riehm H, Reiter A, Schrappe M, Berthold F, Dopfer R, Gerein V, Ludwig R, Ritter J, Stollmann B, Henze G. Die corticosteroid-abhangige dezemierung der leukamiezellzahl im blut als prognose-faktor bei der akuten lymphoblastischen leukemie im kindesalter (therapiestudie ALL-BFM 83). Klin Padiatr 1986; 199: 151-160.
    • (1986) Klin. Padiatr. , vol.199 , pp. 151-160
    • Riehm, H.1    Reiter, A.2    Schrappe, M.3    Berthold, F.4    Dopfer, R.5    Gerein, V.6    Ludwig, R.7    Ritter, J.8    Stollmann, B.9    Henze, G.10
  • 3
    • 0028952574 scopus 로고
    • Good steroid response in vivo predicts a favorable outcome in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP)
    • Arico M, Basso G, Mandelli F, Rizzari C, Colella R, Barisone E, Zanesco L, Rondelli R, Pession A, Masera G. Good steroid response in vivo predicts a favorable outcome in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP). Cancer 1995; 75: 1684-1693.
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 1684-1693
    • Arico, M.1    Basso, G.2    Mandelli, F.3    Rizzari, C.4    Colella, R.5    Barisone, E.6    Zanesco, L.7    Rondelli, R.8    Pession, A.9    Masera, G.10
  • 8
    • 0030984290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro drug sensitivity testing can predict induction failure and early relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Hongo T, Yajima S, Sakurai M, Horikoshi Y, Hanada R. In vitro drug sensitivity testing can predict induction failure and early relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1997; 89: 2959-2965.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , pp. 2959-2965
    • Hongo, T.1    Yajima, S.2    Sakurai, M.3    Horikoshi, Y.4    Hanada, R.5
  • 9
    • 0032126675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prednisolone resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Vitro-vivo correlations and cross-resistance to other drugs
    • Kaspers GJ, Pieters R, Van Zantwijk CH, Van Wering ER, Van Der Does-Van Den Berg A, Veerman AJ. Prednisolone resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: vitro-vivo correlations and cross-resistance to other drugs. Blood 1998; 92: 259-266.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , pp. 259-266
    • Kaspers, G.J.1    Pieters, R.2    Van Zantwijk, C.H.3    Van Wering, E.R.4    Van Der Does-Van Den Berg, A.5    Veerman, A.J.6
  • 10
    • 0031717981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between age, immunophenotype and in vitro drug resistance in 395 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia - Implications for treatment of infants
    • Pieters R, den Boer ML, Durian M, Janka C, Schmiegelow K, Kaspers GJ, van Wering ER, Veerman AJ. Relation between age, immunophenotype and in vitro drug resistance in 395 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia - implications for treatment of infants. Leukemia 1998; 12: 1344-1348.
    • (1998) Leukemia , vol.12 , pp. 1344-1348
    • Pieters, R.1    den Boer, M.L.2    Durian, M.3    Janka, C.4    Schmiegelow, K.5    Kaspers, G.J.6    van Wering, E.R.7    Veerman, A.J.8
  • 11
    • 0029154446 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid resistance is increased in lymphoblasts from adults compared with children: Preliminary results of in vitro drug sensitivity study in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    • Maung ZT, Reid MM, Matheson E, Taylor PR, Proctor SJ, Hall AG. Corticosteroid resistance is increased in lymphoblasts from adults compared with children: preliminary results of in vitro drug sensitivity study in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1995; 91: 93-100.
    • (1995) Br. J. Haematol. , vol.91 , pp. 93-100
    • Maung, Z.T.1    Reid, M.M.2    Matheson, E.3    Taylor, P.R.4    Proctor, S.J.5    Hall, A.G.6
  • 14
    • 0024445411 scopus 로고
    • Regional chromosomal assignment of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene to 5q31
    • Theriault A, Boyd E, Harrap SB, Hollenberg SM, Connor JM. Regional chromosomal assignment of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene to 5q31. Hum Genet 1989; 83: 289-291.
    • (1989) Hum. Genet. , vol.83 , pp. 289-291
    • Theriault, A.1    Boyd, E.2    Harrap, S.B.3    Hollenberg, S.M.4    Connor, J.M.5
  • 15
    • 0023794190 scopus 로고
    • Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Hollenberg SM, Evans RM. Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 1988; 55: 899-906.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 899-906
    • Hollenberg, S.M.1    Evans, R.M.2
  • 16
    • 0035951781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain surfaces contributing to transrepression of NF-{kappa}B and induction of apoptosis
    • Tao Y, Williams-Skipp C, Scheinman RI. Mapping of glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain surfaces contributing to transrepression of NF-{kappa}B and induction of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 2329-2332.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 2329-2332
    • Tao, Y.1    Williams-Skipp, C.2    Scheinman, R.I.3
  • 17
    • 0025759019 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with DNA as a dimer is mediated by a short segment of five amino acids
    • Dahlman-Wright K, Wright A, Gustafsson JA, Carlstedt-Duke J. Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with DNA as a dimer is mediated by a short segment of five amino acids. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 3107-3112.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 3107-3112
    • Dahlman-Wright, K.1    Wright, A.2    Gustafsson, J.A.3    Carlstedt-Duke, J.4
  • 19
    • 0023441954 scopus 로고
    • Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Picard D, Yamamoto KR. Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 1987; 6: 3333-3340.
    • (1987) EMBO J. , vol.6 , pp. 3333-3340
    • Picard, D.1    Yamamoto, K.R.2
  • 20
    • 0023649571 scopus 로고
    • Colocalization of DNA-binding and transcriptional activation functions in the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Hollenberg SM, Giguere V, Segui P, Evans RM. Colocalization of DNA-binding and transcriptional activation functions in the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 1987; 49: 39-46.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.49 , pp. 39-46
    • Hollenberg, S.M.1    Giguere, V.2    Segui, P.3    Evans, R.M.4
  • 21
    • 0031862891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids: Molecular mechanisms
    • Barnes PJ. Anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids: molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci 1998; 94: 557-572.
    • (1998) Clin. Sci. , vol.94 , pp. 557-572
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 22
    • 0034111154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of molecular chaperones in subnuclear trafficking of glucocorticoid receptors
    • Defranco DB. Role of molecular chaperones in subnuclear trafficking of glucocorticoid receptors. Kidney Int 2000; 57: 1241-1249.
    • (2000) Kidney Int. , vol.57 , pp. 1241-1249
    • Defranco, D.B.1
  • 23
    • 0024545638 scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by steroid hormones
    • Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 1989; 56: 335-344.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.56 , pp. 335-344
    • Beato, M.1
  • 24
    • 0023700693 scopus 로고
    • Molecular interactions of steroid hormone receptor with its enhancer element: Evidence for receptor dimer formation
    • Tsai SY, Carlstedt-Duke J, Weigel NL, Dahlman K, Gustafsson JA, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Molecular interactions of steroid hormone receptor with its enhancer element: evidence for receptor dimer formation. Cell 1988; 55: 361-369.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.55 , pp. 361-369
    • Tsai, S.Y.1    Carlstedt-Duke, J.2    Weigel, N.L.3    Dahlman, K.4    Gustafsson, J.A.5    Tsai, M.J.6    O'Malley, B.W.7
  • 25
    • 0025131067 scopus 로고
    • Novel antipeptide antibodies to the human glucocorticoid receptor: Recognition of multiple receptor forms in vitro and distinct localization of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors
    • Cidlowski JA, Bellingham DL, Powell-Oliver FE, Lubahn DB, Sar M. Novel antipeptide antibodies to the human glucocorticoid receptor: recognition of multiple receptor forms in vitro and distinct localization of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4: 1427-1437.
    • (1990) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.4 , pp. 1427-1437
    • Cidlowski, J.A.1    Bellingham, D.L.2    Powell-Oliver, F.E.3    Lubahn, D.B.4    Sar, M.5
  • 26
    • 0029774085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional control of steroid-regulated apoptosis in murine thymoma cells
    • Chapman MS, Askew DJ, Kuscuoglu U, Miesfeld RL. Transcriptional control of steroid-regulated apoptosis in murine thymoma cells. Mol Endocrinol 1996; 10: 967-978.
    • (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.10 , pp. 967-978
    • Chapman, M.S.1    Askew, D.J.2    Kuscuoglu, U.3    Miesfeld, R.L.4
  • 28
    • 0028837242 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Helmberg A, Auphan N, Caelles C, Karin M. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 1995; 14: 452-460.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 452-460
    • Helmberg, A.1    Auphan, N.2    Caelles, C.3    Karin, M.4
  • 29
    • 0033868781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of lymphoblastic leukemia cells
    • Kofler R. The molecular basis of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2000; 114: 1-7.
    • (2000) Histochem. Cell Biol. , vol.114 , pp. 1-7
    • Kofler, R.1
  • 30
    • 0029195884 scopus 로고
    • Leukemic cell apoptosis caused by constitutively active mutant glucocorticoid receptor fragments
    • Nazareth LV, Thompson EB. Leukemic cell apoptosis caused by constitutively active mutant glucocorticoid receptor fragments. Recent Prog Horm Res 1995; 50: 417-421.
    • (1995) Recent. Prog. Horm. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 417-421
    • Nazareth, L.V.1    Thompson, E.B.2
  • 33
    • 0028686588 scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. A mechanism for physiological adaptation to hormones
    • Webster JC, Cidlowski JA. Downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. A mechanism for physiological adaptation to hormones. Ann NY Acad Sci 1994; 746: 216-220.
    • (1994) Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. , vol.746 , pp. 216-220
    • Webster, J.C.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 34
    • 0028882244 scopus 로고
    • Differences in down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA by cortisol, prednisolone and dexamethasone in HeLa cells
    • Shimojo M, Hiroi N, Yakushiji F, Ueshiba H, Yamaguchi N, Miyachi Y. Differences in down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA by cortisol, prednisolone and dexamethasone in HeLa cells. Endocrine J 1995; 42: 629-636.
    • (1995) Endocrine J. , vol.42 , pp. 629-636
    • Shimojo, M.1    Hiroi, N.2    Yakushiji, F.3    Ueshiba, H.4    Yamaguchi, N.5    Miyachi, Y.6
  • 36
    • 0028277949 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the human glucocorticoid receptor by long-term and chronic treatment with glucocorticoid
    • Silva CM, Powell-Oliver FE, Jewell CM, Sar M, Allgood VE, Cidlowski JA. Regulation of the human glucocorticoid receptor by long-term and chronic treatment with glucocorticoid. Steroids 1994; 59: 436-442.
    • (1994) Steroids , vol.59 , pp. 436-442
    • Silva, C.M.1    Powell-Oliver, F.E.2    Jewell, C.M.3    Sar, M.4    Allgood, V.E.5    Cidlowski, J.A.6
  • 37
    • 0035132054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the human glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms in human respiratory epithelial cells and their regulation by dexamethasone
    • Pujols L, Mullol J, Perez M, Roca-Ferrer J, Juan M, Xaubet A, Cidlowski JA, Picado C. Expression of the human glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms in human respiratory epithelial cells and their regulation by dexamethasone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24: 49-57.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 49-57
    • Pujols, L.1    Mullol, J.2    Perez, M.3    Roca-Ferrer, J.4    Juan, M.5    Xaubet, A.6    Cidlowski, J.A.7    Picado, C.8
  • 38
    • 0035088322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiles of proliferating vs. G1/G0 arrested human leukemia cells suggest a mechanism for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
    • Tonko M, Ausserlechner MJ, Bernhard D, Helmberg A, Kotler R. Gene expression profiles of proliferating vs. G1/G0 arrested human leukemia cells suggest a mechanism for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. FASEB J 2001; 15: 693-699.
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , pp. 693-699
    • Tonko, M.1    Ausserlechner, M.J.2    Bernhard, D.3    Helmberg, A.4    Kotler, R.5
  • 39
    • 0033559204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced cell death requires autoinduction of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human leukemic T cells
    • Ramdas J, Liu W, Harmon JM. Glucocorticoid-induced cell death requires autoinduction of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human leukemic T cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 1378-1385.
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 1378-1385
    • Ramdas, J.1    Liu, W.2    Harmon, J.M.3
  • 40
    • 0034909433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple promoters exist in the human gr gene, one of which is activated by glucocorticoids
    • Breslin MB, Geng CD, Vedeckis WV. Multiple promoters exist in the human gr gene, one of which is activated by glucocorticoids. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 1381-1395.
    • (2001) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.15 , pp. 1381-1395
    • Breslin, M.B.1    Geng, C.D.2    Vedeckis, W.V.3
  • 41
    • 0032899668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane-resident glucocorticoid receptors in rodent lymphoma and human leukemia models
    • Gametchu B, Chen F, Sackey F, Powell C, Watson CS. Plasma membrane-resident glucocorticoid receptors in rodent lymphoma and human leukemia models. Steroids 1999; 64: 107-119.
    • (1999) Steroids , vol.64 , pp. 107-119
    • Gametchu, B.1    Chen, F.2    Sackey, F.3    Powell, C.4    Watson, C.S.5
  • 42
    • 0030779113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle regulation of membrane glucocorticoid receptor in CCRF-CEM human ALL cells: Correlation to apoptosis
    • Sackey FN, Watson CS, Gametchu B. Cell cycle regulation of membrane glucocorticoid receptor in CCRF-CEM human ALL cells: correlation to apoptosis. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: E571-583.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.273
    • Sackey, F.N.1    Watson, C.S.2    Gametchu, B.3
  • 45
  • 48
    • 0034640694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five missense variants in the amino-terminal domain of the glucocorticoid receptor: No association with puerperal psychosis or schizophrenia
    • Feng J, Zheng J, Bennett WP, Heston LL, Jones IR, Craddock N, Sommer SS. Five missense variants in the amino-terminal domain of the glucocorticoid receptor: no association with puerperal psychosis or schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96: 412-417.
    • (2000) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.96 , pp. 412-417
    • Feng, J.1    Zheng, J.2    Bennett, W.P.3    Heston, L.L.4    Jones, I.R.5    Craddock, N.6    Sommer, S.S.7
  • 51
    • 0033589793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High penetrance, overweight, and glucocorticoid receptor variant: Case-control study
    • Lin RCY, Wang WYS, Morris BJ. High penetrance, overweight, and glucocorticoid receptor variant: case-control study. Br Med J 1999; 319: 1337-1338.
    • (1999) Br. Med. J. , vol.319 , pp. 1337-1338
    • Lin, R.C.Y.1    Wang, W.Y.S.2    Morris, B.J.3
  • 52
    • 0034032191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor gene mutations in leukemic cells acquired in vitro and in vivo
    • Hillmann AG, Ramdas J, Multanen K, Norman MR, Harmon JM. Glucocorticoid receptor gene mutations in leukemic cells acquired in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 2056-2062.
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 2056-2062
    • Hillmann, A.G.1    Ramdas, J.2    Multanen, K.3    Norman, M.R.4    Harmon, J.M.5
  • 55
    • 0032846619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform (GRalpha) using GRalpha-specific antibody
    • Oakley RH, Webster JC, Jewell CM, Sar M, Cidlowski JA. Immunocytochemical analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform (GRalpha) using GRalpha-specific antibody. Steroids 1999; 64: 742-751.
    • (1999) Steroids , vol.64 , pp. 742-751
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Webster, J.C.2    Jewell, C.M.3    Sar, M.4    Cidlowski, J.A.5
  • 58
    • 0029993518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function
    • Oakley RH, Sar M, Cidlowski JA. The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 9550-9559.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 9550-9559
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Sar, M.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3
  • 59
    • 0030774245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor
    • Oakley RH, Webster JC, Sar M, Parker CR Jr, Cidlowski JA. Expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 5028-5038.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 5028-5038
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Webster, J.C.2    Sar, M.3    Parker C.R., Jr.4    Cidlowski, J.A.5
  • 60
    • 0030691015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor does not act as a physiologically significant repressor
    • Hecht K, Carlstedt-Duke J, Stierna P, Gustafsson J, Bronnegard M, Wikstrom AC. Evidence that the beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor does not act as a physiologically significant repressor. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 26659-26664.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 26659-26664
    • Hecht, K.1    Carlstedt-Duke, J.2    Stierna, P.3    Gustafsson, J.4    Bronnegard, M.5    Wikstrom, A.C.6
  • 61
    • 0029807036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-ligand binding beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR beta): Tissue levels, mechanism of action, and potential physiologic role
    • de Castro M, Elliot S, Kino T, Bamberger C, Karl M, Webster E, Chrousos GP. The non-ligand binding beta-isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR beta): tissue levels, mechanism of action, and potential physiologic role. Mol Med 1996; 2: 597-607.
    • (1996) Mol. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 597-607
    • de Castro, M.1    Elliot, S.2    Kino, T.3    Bamberger, C.4    Karl, M.5    Webster, E.6    Chrousos, G.P.7
  • 62
    • 0001065189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor beta: View II
    • Carlstedt-Duke J. Glucocorticoid receptor beta: view II. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1999; 10: 339-342.
    • (1999) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.10 , pp. 339-342
    • Carlstedt-Duke, J.1
  • 66
    • 0033600936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action
    • Oakley RH, Jewell CM, Yudt MR, Bofetiado DM, Cidlowski JA. The dominant negative activity of the human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Specificity and mechanisms of action. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 27857-27866.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 27857-27866
    • Oakley, R.H.1    Jewell, C.M.2    Yudt, M.R.3    Bofetiado, D.M.4    Cidlowski, J.A.5
  • 67
    • 0029056558 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans
    • Bamberger CM, Bamberger AM, de Castro M, Chrousos GP. Glucocorticoid receptor beta, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2435-2441.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.95 , pp. 2435-2441
    • Bamberger, C.M.1    Bamberger, A.M.2    de Castro, M.3    Chrousos, G.P.4
  • 68
    • 0033587516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural variants of the beta isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor do not alter sensitivity to glucocorticoids
    • de Lange P, Koper JW, Brinkmann AO, de Jong FH, Lamberts SW. Natural variants of the beta isoform of the human glucocorticoid receptor do not alter sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 153: 163-168.
    • (1999) Mol. Cell Endocrinol. , vol.153 , pp. 163-168
    • de Lange, P.1    Koper, J.W.2    Brinkmann, A.O.3    de Jong, F.H.4    Lamberts, S.W.5
  • 69
    • 0032701608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB: Lack of effect of glucocorticoid receptor beta
    • Brogan IJ, Murray IA, Cerillo C, Needham M, White A, Davis JR. Interaction of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB: lack of effect of glucocorticoid receptor beta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 157: 95-104.
    • (1999) Mol. Cell Endocrinol. , vol.157 , pp. 95-104
    • Brogan, I.J.1    Murray, I.A.2    Cerillo, C.3    Needham, M.4    White, A.5    Davis, J.R.6
  • 70
    • 0033323794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertion of an amino acid in the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor as a result of alternative splicing
    • Rivers C, Levy A, Hancock J, Lightman S, Norman M. Insertion of an amino acid in the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor as a result of alternative splicing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 4283-4286.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.84 , pp. 4283-4286
    • Rivers, C.1    Levy, A.2    Hancock, J.3    Lightman, S.4    Norman, M.5
  • 71
    • 79960971656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the glucocorticoid receptor and its splice variant gamma in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using real-time PCR
    • (Abstr.)
    • Gerdes K, Beger C, Lauten M, Fernandez-Munoz I, Tissing WJE, Pieters R, Welte K, Schrappe M. Quantification of the glucocorticoid receptor and its splice variant gamma in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using real-time PCR. Blood 2001; 98: 113a (Abstr.).
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98
    • Gerdes, K.1    Beger, C.2    Lauten, M.3    Fernandez-Munoz, I.4    Tissing, W.J.E.5    Pieters, R.6    Welte, K.7    Schrappe, M.8
  • 72
    • 0029982833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor structure and function in glucocorticoid-resistant small cell lung carcinoma cells
    • Ray DW, Davis JRE, White A, Clark AJL. Glucocorticoid receptor structure and function in glucocorticoid-resistant small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 3276-3280.
    • (1996) Cancer Res. , vol.56 , pp. 3276-3280
    • Ray, D.W.1    Davis, J.R.E.2    White, A.3    Clark, A.J.L.4
  • 73
    • 0027169076 scopus 로고
    • Alternatively spliced glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant human multiple myeloma cells
    • Moalli PA, Pillay S, Krett NL, Rosen ST. Alternatively spliced glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 3877-3879.
    • (1993) Cancer Res. , vol.53 , pp. 3877-3879
    • Moalli, P.A.1    Pillay, S.2    Krett, N.L.3    Rosen, S.T.4
  • 74
    • 0029044488 scopus 로고
    • A variant glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA is expressed in multiple myeloma patients
    • Krett NL, Pillay S, Moalli PA, Greipp PR, Rosen ST. A variant glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA is expressed in multiple myeloma patients. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 2727-2729.
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 2727-2729
    • Krett, N.L.1    Pillay, S.2    Moalli, P.A.3    Greipp, P.R.4    Rosen, S.T.5
  • 76
    • 4243929463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in multiple myeloma: The role of the non-functional glucocorticoid receptor delta
    • (Abstr.)
    • Segeren CM, Sonneveld P, de Lange P, Wiemer E, Koper JW, van Zon A, de Jong FH, Lamberts SWJ. Molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in multiple myeloma: the role of the non-functional glucocorticoid receptor delta. Blood 1999; 94: 593a (Abstr.).
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94
    • Segeren, C.M.1    Sonneveld, P.2    de Lange, P.3    Wiemer, E.4    Koper, J.W.5    van Zon, A.6    de Jong, F.H.7    Lamberts, S.W.J.8
  • 79
    • 0027214172 scopus 로고
    • Expression of an mdr gene is associated with a new form of resistance to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis
    • Bourgeois S, Gruol DJ, Newby RF, Rajah FM. Expression of an mdr gene is associated with a new form of resistance to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol 1993; 7: 840-851.
    • (1993) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.7 , pp. 840-851
    • Bourgeois, S.1    Gruol, D.J.2    Newby, R.F.3    Rajah, F.M.4
  • 82
    • 0033886840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression levels of CD95 and Bcl-2 as well as CD95 function and spontaneous apoptosis in vitro do not predict the response to induction chemotherapy and relapse rate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    • Wuchter C, Karawajew L, Ruppert V, Schrappe M, Harbott J, Ratei R, Dorken B, Ludwig WD. Constitutive expression levels of CD95 and Bcl-2 as well as CD95 function and spontaneous apoptosis in vitro do not predict the response to induction chemotherapy and relapse rate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 154-160.
    • (2000) Br. J. Haematol. , vol.110 , pp. 154-160
    • Wuchter, C.1    Karawajew, L.2    Ruppert, V.3    Schrappe, M.4    Harbott, J.5    Ratei, R.6    Dorken, B.7    Ludwig, W.D.8
  • 83
    • 0027931868 scopus 로고
    • Raised intracellular glutathione levels correlate with in vitro resistance to cytotoxic drugs in leukaemic cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Maung ZT, Hogarth L, Reid MM, Proctor SJ, Hamilton PJ, Hall AC. Raised intracellular glutathione levels correlate with in vitro resistance to cytotoxic drugs in leukaemic cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1994; 8: 1487-1491.
    • (1994) Leukemia , vol.8 , pp. 1487-1491
    • Maung, Z.T.1    Hogarth, L.2    Reid, M.M.3    Proctor, S.J.4    Hamilton, P.J.5    Hall, A.C.6
  • 84
    • 0035863889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raised blast glutathione levels are associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • Kearns PR, Pieters R, Rottier MM, Pearson AD, Hall AG. Raised blast glutathione levels are associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001; 97: 393-398.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 393-398
    • Kearns, P.R.1    Pieters, R.2    Rottier, M.M.3    Pearson, A.D.4    Hall, A.G.5
  • 86
    • 0033645405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes and initial response to glucocorticoids in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    • Anderer G, Schrappe M, Brechlin AM, Lauten M, Muti P, Welte K, Stanulla M. Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes and initial response to glucocorticoids in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Pharmacogenetics 2000; 10: 715-726.
    • (2000) Pharmacogenetics , vol.10 , pp. 715-726
    • Anderer, G.1    Schrappe, M.2    Brechlin, A.M.3    Lauten, M.4    Muti, P.5    Welte, K.6    Stanulla, M.7
  • 87
    • 0027451956 scopus 로고
    • The role of heat shock proteins in regulating the function, folding, and trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Pratt WB. The role of heat shock proteins in regulating the function, folding, and trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 21455-21458.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 21455-21458
    • Pratt, W.B.1
  • 88
    • 0034698087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 are both necessary and sufficient to activate hormone binding by glucocorticoid receptor
    • Rajapandi T, Greene LE, Eisenberg E. The molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 are both necessary and sufficient to activate hormone binding by glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 22597-22604.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 22597-22604
    • Rajapandi, T.1    Greene, L.E.2    Eisenberg, E.3
  • 90
    • 0033607658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of the hsp70-binding protein BAG-1 on glucocorticoid receptor folding by the hsp90-based chaperone machinery
    • Kanelakis KC, Morishima Y, Dittmar KD, Galigniana MD, Takayama S, Reed JC, Pratt WB. Differential effects of the hsp70-binding protein BAG-1 on glucocorticoid receptor folding by the hsp90-based chaperone machinery. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 34134-34140.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 34134-34140
    • Kanelakis, K.C.1    Morishima, Y.2    Dittmar, K.D.3    Galigniana, M.D.4    Takayama, S.5    Reed, J.C.6    Pratt, W.B.7
  • 91
    • 0032486380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor action and hormone-induced apoptosis
    • Kullmann M, Schneikert J, Moll J, Heck S, Zeiner M, Gehring U, Cato AC. RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor action and hormone-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 14620-14625.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 14620-14625
    • Kullmann, M.1    Schneikert, J.2    Moll, J.3    Heck, S.4    Zeiner, M.5    Gehring, U.6    Cato, A.C.7
  • 92
    • 0028831128 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-kappa B by activated glucocorticoid receptors
    • Scheinman RI, Gualberto A, Jewell CM, Cidlowski JA, Baldwin AS. Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-kappa B by activated glucocorticoid receptors. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15: 943-953.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 943-953
    • Scheinman, R.I.1    Gualberto, A.2    Jewell, C.M.3    Cidlowski, J.A.4    Baldwin, A.S.5
  • 93
    • 0028867899 scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis
    • Auphan N, DiDonato JA, Rosette C, Helmberg A, Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science 1995; 270: 286-290.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 286-290
    • Auphan, N.1    DiDonato, J.A.2    Rosette, C.3    Helmberg, A.4    Karin, M.5
  • 94
    • 0028879819 scopus 로고
    • Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids
    • Scheinman RI, Cogswell PC, Lofquist AK, Baldwin AS. Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 1995; 270: 283-286.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 283-286
    • Scheinman, R.I.1    Cogswell, P.C.2    Lofquist, A.K.3    Baldwin, A.S.4
  • 95
    • 0032963293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A NF-kappa B/c-myc-dependent survival pathway is targeted by corticosteroids in immature thymocytes
    • Wang W, Wykrzykowska J, Johnson T, Sen R, Sen J. A NF-kappa B/c-myc-dependent survival pathway is targeted by corticosteroids in immature thymocytes. J Immunol 1999; 162: 314-322.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 314-322
    • Wang, W.1    Wykrzykowska, J.2    Johnson, T.3    Sen, R.4    Sen, J.5
  • 96
    • 0031731350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and regulation of NF-kappaB activity in human leukemic T cells
    • Ramdas J, Harmon JM. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and regulation of NF-kappaB activity in human leukemic T cells. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 3813-3821.
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 3813-3821
    • Ramdas, J.1    Harmon, J.M.2
  • 97
    • 0030789420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I kappaB alpha-independent downregulation of NF-kappaB activity by glucocorticoid receptor
    • Heck S, Bender K, Kullmann M, Gottlicher M, Herdich P, Cato AC. I kappaB alpha-independent downregulation of NF-kappaB activity by glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 1997; 16: 4698-4707.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 4698-4707
    • Heck, S.1    Bender, K.2    Kullmann, M.3    Gottlicher, M.4    Herdich, P.5    Cato, A.C.6
  • 98
    • 0034092559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
    • Kordes U, Krappmann D, Heissmeyer V, Ludwig WD, Scheidereit C. Transcription factor NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2000; 14: 399-402.
    • (2000) Leukemia , vol.14 , pp. 399-402
    • Kordes, U.1    Krappmann, D.2    Heissmeyer, V.3    Ludwig, W.D.4    Scheidereit, C.5
  • 99
    • 0035086099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of AP-1 in glucocorticoid resistance in leukaemia
    • Bailey S, Hall AG, Pearson AD, Redfern CP. The role of AP-1 in glucocorticoid resistance in leukaemia. Leukemia 2001; 15: 391-397.
    • (2001) Leukemia , vol.15 , pp. 391-397
    • Bailey, S.1    Hall, A.G.2    Pearson, A.D.3    Redfern, C.P.4
  • 101
    • 0027327239 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of c-myc is a critical step in glucocorticoid-induced human leukemic cell lysis
    • Thulasi R, Harbour DV, Thompson EB. Suppression of c-myc is a critical step in glucocorticoid-induced human leukemic cell lysis. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 18306-18312.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 18306-18312
    • Thulasi, R.1    Harbour, D.V.2    Thompson, E.B.3
  • 103
    • 0035797489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression of ectopic c-Myc delays glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis of human leukemic CEM-C7 cells
    • Medh RD, Wang A, Zhou F, Thompson EB. Constitutive expression of ectopic c-Myc delays glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis of human leukemic CEM-C7 cells. Oncogene 2001; 20: 4629-4639.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 4629-4639
    • Medh, R.D.1    Wang, A.2    Zhou, F.3    Thompson, E.B.4
  • 104
    • 0031763718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of c-myc in the resistance of non-obese diabetic mice to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
    • Martins TC, Aguas AP. Involvement of c-myc in the resistance of non-obese diabetic mice to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Immunology 1998; 95: 377-382.
    • (1998) Immunology , vol.95 , pp. 377-382
    • Martins, T.C.1    Aguas, A.P.2
  • 107
    • 0035913191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profiling of glucocorticoid-treated T-ALL cell lines: Rapid repression of multiple genes involved in RNA-, protein- and nucleotide synthesis
    • Obexer P, Certa U, Kofler R, Helmberg A. Expression profiling of glucocorticoid-treated T-ALL cell lines: rapid repression of multiple genes involved in RNA-, protein- and nucleotide synthesis. Oncogene 2001; 20: 4324-4336.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 4324-4336
    • Obexer, P.1    Certa, U.2    Kofler, R.3    Helmberg, A.4
  • 108
    • 0034464839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineation of the signalling pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous apoptosis of rat thymocytes
    • Mann CL, Hughes FM Jr, Cidlowski JA. Delineation of the signalling pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous apoptosis of rat thymocytes. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 528-538.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 528-538
    • Mann, C.L.1    Hughes F.M., Jr.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3
  • 111
    • 0032575714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptors: Signaling and modulation
    • Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 1998; 281: 1305-1308.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1305-1308
    • Ashkenazi, A.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 112
    • 0029669929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cells from baxalpha transgenic mice show accelerated apoptosis in response to stimuli but do not show restored DNA damage-induced cell death in the absence of p53. gene product in
    • Brady HJ, Salomons GS, Bobeldijk RC, Berns AJ. T cells from baxalpha transgenic mice show accelerated apoptosis in response to stimuli but do not show restored DNA damage-induced cell death in the absence of p53. gene product in. EMBO J 1996; 15: 1221-1230.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 1221-1230
    • Brady, H.J.1    Salomons, G.S.2    Bobeldijk, R.C.3    Berns, A.J.4
  • 113
  • 114
    • 0026599125 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of BCL-2 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human pre-B- leukemias
    • Alnemri ES, Fernandes TF, Haldar S, Croce CM, Litwack G. Involvement of BCL-2 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human pre-B- leukemias. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 491-495.
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 491-495
    • Alnemri, E.S.1    Fernandes, T.F.2    Haldar, S.3    Croce, C.M.4    Litwack, G.5
  • 115
    • 0028362488 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis but only partially blocks calcium ionophore or cycloheximide-regulated apoptosis in S49 cells
    • Caron-Leslie LA, Evans RB, Cidlowski JA. Bcl-2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis but only partially blocks calcium ionophore or cycloheximide-regulated apoptosis in S49 cells. FASEB J 1994; 8: 639-645.
    • (1994) FASEB J. , vol.8 , pp. 639-645
    • Caron-Leslie, L.A.1    Evans, R.B.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3
  • 116
    • 0028085750 scopus 로고
    • BCL-2 expression and mitochondrial activity in leukemic cells with different sensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis
    • Smets LA, Van den Berg J, Acton D, Top B, Van Rooij H, Verwijs-Janssen M. BCL-2 expression and mitochondrial activity in leukemic cells with different sensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Blood 1994; 84: 1613-1619.
    • (1994) Blood , vol.84 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Smets, L.A.1    Van den Berg, J.2    Acton, D.3    Top, B.4    Van Rooij, H.5    Verwijs-Janssen, M.6
  • 117
    • 0032847005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 family members in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Relationships with features at presentation, in vitro and in vivo drug response and long-term clinical outcome
    • Salomons GS, Smets LA, Verwijs-Janssen M, Hart AA, Haarman EG, Kaspers GJ, Wering EV, Der Does-Van Den Berg AV, Kamps WA. Bcl-2 family members in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relationships with features at presentation, in vitro and in vivo drug response and long-term clinical outcome. Leukemia 1999; 13: 1574-1580.
    • (1999) Leukemia , vol.13 , pp. 1574-1580
    • Salomons, G.S.1    Smets, L.A.2    Verwijs-Janssen, M.3    Hart, A.A.4    Haarman, E.G.5    Kaspers, G.J.6    Wering, E.V.7    Der Does-Van Den Berg, A.V.8    Kamps, W.A.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.