메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 3-15

The role of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis in glucose homeostasis

Author keywords

Glucose metabolism; Growth hormone; Growth hormone deficiency; Insulin resistance; Insulin like growth factor

Indexed keywords

C PEPTIDE; FATTY ACID; GLUCOKINASE; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE; GROWTH HORMONE; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE 1; PEGVISOMANT; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATOMEDIN B; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 1; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 2; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 3; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 4; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 5; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 6; SOMATOMEDIN C;

EID: 0037232337     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00827.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (161)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 0001478202 scopus 로고
    • La diabetes pancreatica de los perros hipofiseoprivos
    • Houssay BA, Biasotti A. La diabetes pancreatica de los perros hipofiseoprivos. Rev Soc Argent Biol 1930; 6: 251-296.
    • (1930) Rev Soc Argent Biol , vol.6 , pp. 251-296
    • Houssay, B.A.1    Biasotti, A.2
  • 2
    • 0000627680 scopus 로고
    • Anterior pituitary fraction and carbohydrate metabolism I; the preparation and properties of diabetogenic extracts
    • Young FG. Anterior pituitary fraction and carbohydrate metabolism I; the preparation and properties of diabetogenic extracts. J Endocrinol 1939; 1: 339-354.
    • (1939) J Endocrinol , vol.1 , pp. 339-354
    • Young, F.G.1
  • 3
    • 0012610947 scopus 로고
    • 'Growth' and the diabetogenic action of anterior pituitary preparations
    • Young FG. 'Growth' and the diabetogenic action of anterior pituitary preparations. BMJ 1941; 2: 897-901.
    • (1941) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 897-901
    • Young, F.G.1
  • 5
    • 0001002482 scopus 로고
    • Roles of insulin and growth hormone based on studies of forearm metabolism in man
    • Zierler K, Rabinomitz R. Roles of insulin and growth hormone based on studies of forearm metabolism in man. Medicine 1963; 42: 385-395.
    • (1963) Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 385-395
    • Zierler, K.1    Rabinomitz, R.2
  • 6
    • 0018635257 scopus 로고
    • Normalization of the growth hormone and catecholamine response to exercise in juvenile-onset diabetic subjects treated with a portable insulin infusion pump
    • Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS, Koivisto V, Hendler R, Genel M, Felig P. Normalization of the growth hormone and catecholamine response to exercise in juvenile-onset diabetic subjects treated with a portable insulin infusion pump. Diabetes 1979; 28: 785-788.
    • (1979) Diabetes , vol.28 , pp. 785-788
    • Tamborlane, W.V.1    Sherwin, R.S.2    Koivisto, V.3    Hendler, R.4    Genel, M.5    Felig, P.6
  • 7
    • 0025752274 scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth hormone on fuel utilization and muscle glycogen synthase activity in normal humans
    • Bak JF, Moller N, Schmitz O. Effects of growth hormone on fuel utilization and muscle glycogen synthase activity in normal humans. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: E736-742.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260
    • Bak, J.F.1    Moller, N.2    Schmitz, O.3
  • 8
    • 0021326150 scopus 로고
    • Importance of raised growth hormone levels in mediating the metabolic derangements of diabetes
    • Press M, Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS. Importance of raised growth hormone levels in mediating the metabolic derangements of diabetes. N Eng J Med 1984; 310: 810-815.
    • (1984) N Eng J Med , vol.310 , pp. 810-815
    • Press, M.1    Tamborlane, W.V.2    Sherwin, R.S.3
  • 9
    • 0028972726 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the insulin-antagonistic effect of growth hormone in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Fowelin J, Attvall S, von Schenck H, Smith U, Lager I. Characterization of the insulin-antagonistic effect of growth hormone in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 990-996.
    • (1995) Diabet Med , vol.12 , pp. 990-996
    • Fowelin, J.1    Attvall, S.2    Von Schenck, H.3    Smith, U.4    Lager, I.5
  • 10
    • 0025813218 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the insulin-antagonistic effect of growth hormone in man
    • Fowelin J, Attvall S, von Schenck H, Smith U, Lager I. Characterization of the insulin-antagonistic effect of growth hormone in man. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 500-506.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 500-506
    • Fowelin, J.1    Attvall, S.2    Von Schenck, H.3    Smith, U.4    Lager, I.5
  • 11
    • 0017227895 scopus 로고
    • Effects of physiologic levels of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies involving administration of exogenous hormone during suppression of endogenous hormone secretion with somatostatin
    • Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Bier DM, Tsalikian E, Schneider V, Karam JH et al. Effects of physiologic levels of glucagon and growth hormone on human carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies involving administration of exogenous hormone during suppression of endogenous hormone secretion with somatostatin. J Clin Invest 1976; 57: 875-884.
    • (1976) J Clin Invest , vol.57 , pp. 875-884
    • Gerich, J.E.1    Lorenzi, M.2    Bier, D.M.3    Tsalikian, E.4    Schneider, V.5    Karam, J.H.6
  • 12
    • 50549202600 scopus 로고
    • The glucose fatty acid cycle: Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbance of diabetes mellitus
    • Randle PJ, Hales CN, Garland PB, Newsholme EA. The glucose fatty acid cycle: its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbance of diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1963; i: 785-789.
    • (1963) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 785-789
    • Randle, P.J.1    Hales, C.N.2    Garland, P.B.3    Newsholme, E.A.4
  • 14
    • 0014736508 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal patterns of blood glucose, serum free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in normals and juvenile diabetics
    • Hansen AP, Johansen K. Diurnal patterns of blood glucose, serum free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in normals and juvenile diabetics. Diabetologia 1970; 6: 27-33.
    • (1970) Diabetologia , vol.6 , pp. 27-33
    • Hansen, A.P.1    Johansen, K.2
  • 15
    • 0016705243 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone kinetics in diabetic patients
    • Navalesi R, Pilo A, Vigneri R. Growth hormone kinetics in diabetic patients. Diabetes 1975; 24: 317-327.
    • (1975) Diabetes , vol.24 , pp. 317-327
    • Navalesi, R.1    Pilo, A.2    Vigneri, R.3
  • 16
    • 0025354708 scopus 로고
    • The effects of improved blood glucose on growth hormone and cortisol secretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Wurzburger MI, Prelevic GM, Sonksen PH, Peric LA, Till S, Morris RW. The effects of improved blood glucose on growth hormone and cortisol secretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990; 32: 787-797.
    • (1990) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.32 , pp. 787-797
    • Wurzburger, M.I.1    Prelevic, G.M.2    Sonksen, P.H.3    Peric, L.A.4    Till, S.5    Morris, R.W.6
  • 17
    • 0026595002 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness by human recombinant growth hormone
    • Wurzburger MI, Prelevic GM, Sonksen PH. Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness by human recombinant growth hormone. Lancet 1992; 339: 496-497.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 496-497
    • Wurzburger, M.I.1    Prelevic, G.M.2    Sonksen, P.H.3
  • 18
    • 0027272979 scopus 로고
    • The effect of recombinant human growth hormone on regulation of growth hormone secretion and blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Wurzburger MI, Prelevic GM, Sonksen PH, Balint-Peric LA, Wheeler M. The effect of recombinant human growth hormone on regulation of growth hormone secretion and blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 267-272.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 267-272
    • Wurzburger, M.I.1    Prelevic, G.M.2    Sonksen, P.H.3    Balint-Peric, L.A.4    Wheeler, M.5
  • 19
    • 0029068961 scopus 로고
    • Effect of recombinant human growth hormone treatment on insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels in insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • Wurzburger MI, Prelevic GM, Sonksen PH, Wheeler M, Balint-Peric L. Effect of recombinant human growth hormone treatment on insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Acta Diabetologica 1995; 32: 131-134.
    • (1995) Acta Diabetologica , vol.32 , pp. 131-134
    • Wurzburger, M.I.1    Prelevic, G.M.2    Sonksen, P.H.3    Wheeler, M.4    Balint-Peric, L.5
  • 20
    • 0021842667 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accelerated glucose production and impaired glucose utilization due to nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion
    • Campbell PJ, Bolli GB, Cryer PE, Gerich JE. Pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accelerated glucose production and impaired glucose utilization due to nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion. N Eng J Med 1985; 312: 1473-1479.
    • (1985) N Eng J Med , vol.312 , pp. 1473-1479
    • Campbell, P.J.1    Bolli, G.B.2    Cryer, P.E.3    Gerich, J.E.4
  • 21
    • 0025958256 scopus 로고
    • The dawn phenomenon in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Magnitude, frequency, variability, and dependency on glucose counterregulation and insulin sensitivity
    • Perriello G, De Feo P, Torlone E, Fanelli C, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P et al. The dawn phenomenon in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: magnitude, frequency, variability, and dependency on glucose counterregulation and insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 21-28.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 21-28
    • Perriello, G.1    De Feo, P.2    Torlone, E.3    Fanelli, C.4    Santeusanio, F.5    Brunetti, P.6
  • 22
    • 0026582777 scopus 로고
    • Absence of the dawn phenomenon and abnormal lipolysis in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with chronic growth hormone deficiency
    • Boyle PJ, Avogaro A, Smith L, Shah SD, Cryer PE, Santiago JV. Absence of the dawn phenomenon and abnormal lipolysis in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with chronic growth hormone deficiency. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 372-379.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 372-379
    • Boyle, P.J.1    Avogaro, A.2    Smith, L.3    Shah, S.D.4    Cryer, P.E.5    Santiago, J.V.6
  • 23
    • 0342796371 scopus 로고
    • Houssay phenomenon in man: Recovery form retinopathy in a case of diabetes with Simmonds disease
    • Poulsen JE. Houssay phenomenon in man: recovery form retinopathy in a case of diabetes with Simmonds disease. Diabetes 1953; 2: 7-12.
    • (1953) Diabetes , vol.2 , pp. 7-12
    • Poulsen, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 0014669861 scopus 로고
    • Serum growth hormone levels and the response of diabetic retinopathy to pituitary ablation
    • Wright AD, Kohner EM, Oakley NW, Hartog M, Joplin GF, Fraser TR. Serum growth hormone levels and the response of diabetic retinopathy to pituitary ablation. BMJ 1969; 2: 346-348.
    • (1969) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 346-348
    • Wright, A.D.1    Kohner, E.M.2    Oakley, N.W.3    Hartog, M.4    Joplin, G.F.5    Fraser, T.R.6
  • 26
    • 0027381792 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone and diabetes mellitus. A review of sixty-three years of medical research and a glimpse into the future?
    • Sonksen PH, Russell-Jones D, Jones RH. Growth hormone and diabetes mellitus. A review of sixty-three years of medical research and a glimpse into the future? Hormone Res 1993; 40: 68-79.
    • (1993) Hormone Res , vol.40 , pp. 68-79
    • Sonksen, P.H.1    Russell-Jones, D.2    Jones, R.H.3
  • 27
    • 0023269446 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
    • Sharp PS, Fallon TJ, Brazier OJ, Sandler L, Joplin GF, Kohner EM. Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 199-207.
    • (1987) Diabetologia , vol.30 , pp. 199-207
    • Sharp, P.S.1    Fallon, T.J.2    Brazier, O.J.3    Sandler, L.4    Joplin, G.F.5    Kohner, E.M.6
  • 28
    • 0028318422 scopus 로고
    • The role of growth hormone in the development of diabetic retinopathy
    • Alzaid AA, Dinneen SF, Melton LJ, Rizza RA. The role of growth hormone in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 531-534.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 531-534
    • Alzaid, A.A.1    Dinneen, S.F.2    Melton, L.J.3    Rizza, R.A.4
  • 30
    • 0024347794 scopus 로고
    • A two-year follow-up study of serum insulinlike growth factor-I in diabetics with retinopathy
    • Hyer SL, Sharp PS, Brooks RA, Burrin JM, Kohner EM. A two-year follow-up study of serum insulinlike growth factor-I in diabetics with retinopathy. Metabolism 1989; 38: 586-589.
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 586-589
    • Hyer, S.L.1    Sharp, P.S.2    Brooks, R.A.3    Burrin, J.M.4    Kohner, E.M.5
  • 31
    • 0025339120 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors and diabetic complications
    • Flyvbjerg A. Growth factors and diabetic complications. Diabet Med 1990; 7: 387-399.
    • (1990) Diabet Med , vol.7 , pp. 387-399
    • Flyvbjerg, A.1
  • 32
    • 0033814068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of growth factors in the development of diabetic complications
    • Chiarelli F, Santilli F, Mohn A. Role of growth factors in the development of diabetic complications. Hormone Res 2000; 53: 53-67.
    • (2000) Hormone Res , vol.53 , pp. 53-67
    • Chiarelli, F.1    Santilli, F.2    Mohn, A.3
  • 33
    • 0033977868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating IGF-I and its protective role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy
    • Janssen JA, Lamberts SW. Circulating IGF-I and its protective role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52: 1-9.
    • (2000) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.52 , pp. 1-9
    • Janssen, J.A.1    Lamberts, S.W.2
  • 34
    • 0027231548 scopus 로고
    • Glucose metabolism in transgenic mice containing a chimeric P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase/bovine growth hormone gene
    • Valera A, Rodriguez-Gil JE, Yun JS, McGrane MM, Hanson RW, Bosch F. Glucose metabolism in transgenic mice containing a chimeric P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase/bovine growth hormone gene. FASEB J 1993; 7: 791-800.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 791-800
    • Valera, A.1    Rodriguez-Gil, J.E.2    Yun, J.S.3    McGrane, M.M.4    Hanson, R.W.5    Bosch, F.6
  • 36
    • 0026681367 scopus 로고
    • Down regulation of masked and unmasked insulin receptors in the liver of transgenic mice expressing bovine growth hormone gene
    • Balbis A, Dellacha JM, Calandra RS, Bartke A, Turyn D. Down regulation of masked and unmasked insulin receptors in the liver of transgenic mice expressing bovine growth hormone gene. Life Sci 1992; 51: 771-778.
    • (1992) Life Sci , vol.51 , pp. 771-778
    • Balbis, A.1    Dellacha, J.M.2    Calandra, R.S.3    Bartke, A.4    Turyn, D.5
  • 37
    • 0030582463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of bovine growth hormone in transgenic mice is associated with changes in hepatic insulin receptors and in their kinase activity
    • Balbis A, Bartke A, Turyn D. Overexpression of bovine growth hormone in transgenic mice is associated with changes in hepatic insulin receptors and in their kinase activity. Life Sci 1996; 59: 1363-1371.
    • (1996) Life Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1363-1371
    • Balbis, A.1    Bartke, A.2    Turyn, D.3
  • 38
    • 0032883443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the early steps of the insulin-signaling system in skeletal muscle of GH-transgenic mice
    • Dominici FP, Cifone D, Bartke A, Turyn D. Alterations in the early steps of the insulin-signaling system in skeletal muscle of GH-transgenic mice. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: E447-454.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Dominici, F.P.1    Cifone, D.2    Bartke, A.3    Turyn, D.4
  • 39
    • 0033037104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of sensitivity to insulin at early events of the insulin signaling pathway in the liver of growth hormone-transgenic mice
    • Dominici FP, Cifone D, Bartke A, Turyn D. Loss of sensitivity to insulin at early events of the insulin signaling pathway in the liver of growth hormone-transgenic mice. J Endocrinol 1999; 161: 383-392.
    • (1999) J Endocrinol , vol.161 , pp. 383-392
    • Dominici, F.P.1    Cifone, D.2    Bartke, A.3    Turyn, D.4
  • 40
    • 0031722221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hyperinsulinemia on hepatic insulin receptor concentration and autophosphorylation in the presence of high growth hormone levels in transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone gene
    • Dominici FP, Balbis A, Bartke A, Turyn D. Role of hyperinsulinemia on hepatic insulin receptor concentration and autophosphorylation in the presence of high growth hormone levels in transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone gene. J Endocrinol 1998; 159: 15-25.
    • (1998) J Endocrinol , vol.159 , pp. 15-25
    • Dominici, F.P.1    Balbis, A.2    Bartke, A.3    Turyn, D.4
  • 42
    • 17744362863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance are independently correlated to the severity of the acromegalic cardiomyopathy
    • Colao A, Baldelli R, Marzullo P, Ferretti E, Ferone D, Gargiulo P et al. Systemic hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance are independently correlated to the severity of the acromegalic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 193-199.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 193-199
    • Colao, A.1    Baldelli, R.2    Marzullo, P.3    Ferretti, E.4    Ferone, D.5    Gargiulo, P.6
  • 44
    • 0012616032 scopus 로고
    • Aetiology and epidemiology of diabetes
    • Sonksen PH. Aetiology and epidemiology of diabetes. Br J Hosp Med 1972; 7: 151-156.
    • (1972) Br J Hosp Med , vol.7 , pp. 151-156
    • Sonksen, P.H.1
  • 45
    • 0028285739 scopus 로고
    • Effect of octreotide on glucose tolerance in acromegaly
    • Koop BL, Harris AG, Ezzat S. Effect of octreotide on glucose tolerance in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 130: 581-586.
    • (1994) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.130 , pp. 581-586
    • Koop, B.L.1    Harris, A.G.2    Ezzat, S.3
  • 47
    • 0035185733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of pegvisomant on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men: Implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in GH deficiency
    • Muller AF, Leebeek FW, Janssen JA, Lamberts SW, Hofland L, van der Lely AJ. Acute effect of pegvisomant on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men: implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5165-5171.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5165-5171
    • Muller, A.F.1    Leebeek, F.W.2    Janssen, J.A.3    Lamberts, S.W.4    Hofland, L.5    Van der Lely, A.J.6
  • 48
    • 0028060110 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of body fat and muscle mass with substrate concentrations and fasting insulin levels in adults with growth hormone deficiency
    • Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Umpleby AM, Sonksen PH. Interactions of body fat and muscle mass with substrate concentrations and fasting insulin levels in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Sci (Lond) 1994; 87: 201-206.
    • (1994) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.87 , pp. 201-206
    • Salomon, F.1    Cuneo, R.C.2    Umpleby, A.M.3    Sonksen, P.H.4
  • 50
    • 0032602201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity in growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults and effect of GH replacement therapy
    • Alford FP, Hew FL, Christopher MC, Rantzau C. Insulin sensitivity in growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults and effect of GH replacement therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 1999; 22: 28-32.
    • (1999) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.22 , pp. 28-32
    • Alford, F.P.1    Hew, F.L.2    Christopher, M.C.3    Rantzau, C.4
  • 51
    • 9044222881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in growth hormone-deficient adults: Defects in glucose utilization and glycogen synthase activity
    • Hew FL, Koschmann M, Christopher M, Rantzau C, Vaag A, Ward G et al. Insulin resistance in growth hormone-deficient adults: defects in glucose utilization and glycogen synthase activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 555-564.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 555-564
    • Hew, F.L.1    Koschmann, M.2    Christopher, M.3    Rantzau, C.4    Vaag, A.5    Ward, G.6
  • 52
    • 0033136763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the deterioration of insulin sensitivity on beta-cell function in growth-hormone-deficient adults following 4-month growth hormone replacement therapy
    • Rosenfalck AM, Fisker S, Hilsted J, Dinesen B, Volund A, Jorgensen JO et al. The effect of the deterioration of insulin sensitivity on beta-cell function in growth-hormone-deficient adults following 4-month growth hormone replacement therapy. Growth Horm IGF Res 1999; 9: 96-105.
    • (1999) Growth Horm IGF Res , vol.9 , pp. 96-105
    • Rosenfalck, A.M.1    Fisker, S.2    Hilsted, J.3    Dinesen, B.4    Volund, A.5    Jorgensen, J.O.6
  • 53
    • 0027429860 scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency
    • Fowelin J, Attvall S, Lager I, Bengtsson BA. Effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Metabolism 1993; 42: 1443-1447.
    • (1993) Metabolism , vol.42 , pp. 1443-1447
    • Fowelin, J.1    Attvall, S.2    Lager, I.3    Bengtsson, B.A.4
  • 54
    • 0028148471 scopus 로고
    • The effect of 3 months of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy on insulin and glucose-mediated glucose disposal and insulin secretion in GH-deficient adults: A minimal model analysis
    • O'Neal DN, Kalfas A, Dunning PL, Christopher MJ, Sawyer SD, Ward GM et al. The effect of 3 months of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy on insulin and glucose-mediated glucose disposal and insulin secretion in GH-deficient adults: a minimal model analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 975-983.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 975-983
    • O'Neal, D.N.1    Kalfas, A.2    Dunning, P.L.3    Christopher, M.J.4    Sawyer, S.D.5    Ward, G.M.6
  • 55
    • 0034534647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 30 months of low-dose replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on insulin and C-peptide kinetics, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and body composition in GH-deficient adults
    • Rosenfalck AM, Maghsoudi S, Fisker S, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Hilsted J et al. The effect of 30 months of low-dose replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on insulin and C-peptide kinetics, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and body composition in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4173-4181.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4173-4181
    • Rosenfalck, A.M.1    Maghsoudi, S.2    Fisker, S.3    Jorgensen, J.O.4    Christiansen, J.S.5    Hilsted, J.6
  • 56
    • 0030832637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein, fat and glucose metabolism during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Short and long term effects
    • Salomon F, Umpleby AM, Cuneo RC, Sönksen PH. Protein, fat and glucose metabolism during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Short and long term effects. Endocrinol Metab 1997; 4: 121-128.
    • (1997) Endocrinol Metab , vol.4 , pp. 121-128
    • Salomon, F.1    Umpleby, A.M.2    Cuneo, R.C.3    Sönksen, P.H.4
  • 57
    • 0033821470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increased insulin sensitivity in growth hormone-deficient adults is reduced by growth hormone replacement therapy
    • Riedl M, Ludvik B, Pacini G, Clodi M, Kotzmann H, Wagner O et al. The increased insulin sensitivity in growth hormone-deficient adults is reduced by growth hormone replacement therapy. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30: 771-778.
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.30 , pp. 771-778
    • Riedl, M.1    Ludvik, B.2    Pacini, G.3    Clodi, M.4    Kotzmann, H.5    Wagner, O.6
  • 58
    • 0031863120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of four years' treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and lipid metabolism in GH-deficient adults
    • al Shoumer KA, Gray R, Anyaoku V, Hughes C, Beshyah S, Richmond W et al. Effects of four years' treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and lipid metabolism in GH-deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 48: 795-802.
    • (1998) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.48 , pp. 795-802
    • Al Shoumer, K.A.1    Gray, R.2    Anyaoku, V.3    Hughes, C.4    Beshyah, S.5    Richmond, W.6
  • 60
    • 0033345441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of 10 years of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in adult GH-deficient patients
    • Gibney J, Wallace JD, Spinks T, Schnorr L, Ranicar A, Cuneo RC et al. The effects of 10 years of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in adult GH-deficient patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2596-2602.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 2596-2602
    • Gibney, J.1    Wallace, J.D.2    Spinks, T.3    Schnorr, L.4    Ranicar, A.5    Cuneo, R.C.6
  • 62
  • 65
    • 0024160877 scopus 로고
    • Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease
    • Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-1607.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 1595-1607
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 68
    • 0035215977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and physical fitness are more important than obesity in determining exercise induced generation of growth hormone
    • Holt RIG, Webb E, Pentecost C, Sönksen PH. Ageing and physical fitness are more important than obesity in determining exercise induced generation of growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5715-5720.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5715-5720
    • Holt, R.I.G.1    Webb, E.2    Pentecost, C.3    Sönksen, P.H.4
  • 69
    • 0031057076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone treatment of abdominally obese men reduces abdominal fat mass, improves glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, and reduces diastolic blood pressure
    • Johannsson G, Marin P, Lonn L, Ottosson M, Stenlof K, Bjorntorp P et al. Growth hormone treatment of abdominally obese men reduces abdominal fat mass, improves glucose and lipoprotein metabolism, and reduces diastolic blood pressure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 727-734.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 727-734
    • Johannsson, G.1    Marin, P.2    Lonn, L.3    Ottosson, M.4    Stenlof, K.5    Bjorntorp, P.6
  • 70
    • 0005096726 scopus 로고
    • Tissue concentrations of somatomedin C: Further evidence for multiple sites of synthesis and paracrine or autocrine mechanisms of action
    • D'Ercole AJ, Stiles AD, Underwood LE. Tissue concentrations of somatomedin C: further evidence for multiple sites of synthesis and paracrine or autocrine mechanisms of action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 935-939.
    • (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.81 , pp. 935-939
    • D'Ercole, A.J.1    Stiles, A.D.2    Underwood, L.E.3
  • 71
    • 0033594893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I
    • Yakar S, Liu JL, Stannard B, Butler A, Accili D, Sauer B et al. Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 7324-7329.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 7324-7329
    • Yakar, S.1    Liu, J.L.2    Stannard, B.3    Butler, A.4    Accili, D.5    Sauer, B.6
  • 72
    • 0023688545 scopus 로고
    • Expression of insulin-like growth factor I in transgenic mice with elevated levels of growth hormone is correlated with growth
    • Mathews LS, Hammer RE, Brinster RL, Palmiter RD. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I in transgenic mice with elevated levels of growth hormone is correlated with growth. Endocrinology 1988; 123: 433-437.
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.123 , pp. 433-437
    • Mathews, L.S.1    Hammer, R.E.2    Brinster, R.L.3    Palmiter, R.D.4
  • 73
    • 0026476091 scopus 로고
    • Intraperitoneal insulin is more potent than subcutaneous insulin at restoring hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA levels in the diabetic rat: A functional role for the portal vascular link
    • Russell-Jones DL, Rattray M, Wilson VJ, Jones RH, Sonksen PH, Thomas CR. Intraperitoneal insulin is more potent than subcutaneous insulin at restoring hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA levels in the diabetic rat: a functional role for the portal vascular link. J Mol Endocrinol 1992; 9: 257-263.
    • (1992) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.9 , pp. 257-263
    • Russell-Jones, D.L.1    Rattray, M.2    Wilson, V.J.3    Jones, R.H.4    Sonksen, P.H.5    Thomas, C.R.6
  • 74
    • 0028127946 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors
    • Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors. Endocr Rev 1994; 15: 80-101.
    • (1994) Endocr Rev , vol.15 , pp. 80-101
    • Thissen, J.P.1    Ketelslegers, J.M.2    Underwood, L.E.3
  • 75
    • 0027496895 scopus 로고
    • Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r)
    • Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r). Cell 1993; 75: 59-72.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 59-72
    • Liu, J.P.1    Baker, J.2    Perkins, A.S.3    Robertson, E.J.4    Efstratiadis, A.5
  • 76
    • 0025320906 scopus 로고
    • A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting
    • DeChiara TM, Efstratiadis A, Robertson EJ. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 1990; 345: 78-80.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 78-80
    • DeChiara, T.M.1    Efstratiadis, A.2    Robertson, E.J.3
  • 77
    • 0027423419 scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth
    • Baker J, Liu JP, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A. Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth. Cell 1993; 75: 73-82.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 73-82
    • Baker, J.1    Liu, J.P.2    Robertson, E.J.3    Efstratiadis, A.4
  • 79
    • 0035408211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
    • Sjogren K, Wallenius K, Liu JL, Bohlooly YM, Pacini G, Svensson L et al. Liver-derived IGF-I is of importance for normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1539-1545.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1539-1545
    • Sjogren, K.1    Wallenius, K.2    Liu, J.L.3    Bohlooly, Y.M.4    Pacini, G.5    Svensson, L.6
  • 80
    • 0035033682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver-specific igf-1 gene deletion leads to muscle insulin insensitivity
    • Yakar S, Liu JL, Fernandez AM, Wu Y, Schally AV, Frystyk J et al. Liver-specific igf-1 gene deletion leads to muscle insulin insensitivity. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1110-1118.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1110-1118
    • Yakar, S.1    Liu, J.L.2    Fernandez, A.M.3    Wu, Y.4    Schally, A.V.5    Frystyk, J.6
  • 81
    • 0024522272 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose and amino acid metabolism in the awake fasted rat. Comparison with insulin
    • Jacob R, Barrett E, Plewe G, Fagin KD, Sherwin RS. Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose and amino acid metabolism in the awake fasted rat. Comparison with insulin. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1717-1723.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.83 , pp. 1717-1723
    • Jacob, R.1    Barrett, E.2    Plewe, G.3    Fagin, K.D.4    Sherwin, R.S.5
  • 82
    • 0029593441 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and combined infusions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose metabolism in dogs
    • Shojaee-Moradie F, Umpleby AM, Thomason MJ, Jackson NC, Boroujerdi MA, Sonksen PH et al. A comparison of the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin and combined infusions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose metabolism in dogs. Eur J Clin Invest 1995; 25: 920-928.
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.25 , pp. 920-928
    • Shojaee-Moradie, F.1    Umpleby, A.M.2    Thomason, M.J.3    Jackson, N.C.4    Boroujerdi, M.A.5    Sonksen, P.H.6
  • 83
    • 0000915437 scopus 로고
    • Antibody suppressible and non-suppressible insulin-like activities in human serum and their physiological significance. An insulin assay with adipose tissue of increased precision and specificity
    • Froesch ER, Burgi H, Ramseier EB, Bally P, Labhart A. Antibody suppressible and non-suppressible insulin-like activities in human serum and their physiological significance. An insulin assay with adipose tissue of increased precision and specificity. J Clin Invest 1963; 42: 1816-1834.
    • (1963) J Clin Invest , vol.42 , pp. 1816-1834
    • Froesch, E.R.1    Burgi, H.2    Ramseier, E.B.3    Bally, P.4    Labhart, A.5
  • 84
    • 0014164577 scopus 로고
    • The physiology and pharmacology of adipose tissue lipolysis: Its inhibition and implications for the treatment of diabetes
    • Froesch ER. The physiology and pharmacology of adipose tissue lipolysis: its inhibition and implications for the treatment of diabetes. Diabetologia 1967; 3: 475-487.
    • (1967) Diabetologia , vol.3 , pp. 475-487
    • Froesch, E.R.1
  • 85
    • 0018184054 scopus 로고
    • The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor I and its structural homology with proinsulin
    • Rinderknecht E, Humbel RE. The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor I and its structural homology with proinsulin. J Biol Chem 1978; 253: 2769-2776.
    • (1978) J Biol Chem , vol.253 , pp. 2769-2776
    • Rinderknecht, E.1    Humbel, R.E.2
  • 86
    • 0026740350 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose tolerance, insulin levels, and insulin secretion
    • Zenobi PD, Graf S, Ursprung H, Froesch ER. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose tolerance, insulin levels, and insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1908-1913.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.89 , pp. 1908-1913
    • Zenobi, P.D.1    Graf, S.2    Ursprung, H.3    Froesch, E.R.4
  • 87
    • 0023276184 scopus 로고
    • Short-term metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in healthy adults
    • Guler HP, Zapf J, Froesch ER. Short-term metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I in healthy adults. N Eng J Med 1987; 317: 137-140.
    • (1987) N Eng J Med , vol.317 , pp. 137-140
    • Guler, H.P.1    Zapf, J.2    Froesch, E.R.3
  • 88
    • 0026510708 scopus 로고
    • Diverse effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism
    • Boulware SD, Tamborlane WV, Matthews LS, Sherwin RS. Diverse effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: E130-133.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Boulware, S.D.1    Tamborlane, W.V.2    Matthews, L.S.3    Sherwin, R.S.4
  • 89
    • 0026452227 scopus 로고
    • Effect of increasing doses of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose, lipid, and leucine metabolism in man
    • Turkalj I, Keller U, Ninnis R, Vosmeer S, Stauffacher W. Effect of increasing doses of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on glucose, lipid, and leucine metabolism in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75: 1186-1191.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 1186-1191
    • Turkalj, I.1    Keller, U.2    Ninnis, R.3    Vosmeer, S.4    Stauffacher, W.5
  • 90
    • 0028223994 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin. Dose-response relationships in healthy young and middle-aged adults
    • Boulware SD, Tamborlane WV, Rennert NJ, Gesundheit N, Sherwin RS. Comparison of the metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin. Dose-response relationships in healthy young and middle-aged adults. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 1131-1139.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Boulware, S.D.1    Tamborlane, W.V.2    Rennert, N.J.3    Gesundheit, N.4    Sherwin, R.S.5
  • 91
    • 0029046383 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of IGF-I and insulin on glucose metabolism, fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system in normal human volunteers
    • Russell-Jones DL, Bates AT, Umpleby AM, Hennessy TR, Bowes SB, Hopkins KD et al. A comparison of the effects of IGF-I and insulin on glucose metabolism, fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system in normal human volunteers. Eur J Clin Invest 1995; 25: 403-411.
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.25 , pp. 403-411
    • Russell-Jones, D.L.1    Bates, A.T.2    Umpleby, A.M.3    Hennessy, T.R.4    Bowes, S.B.5    Hopkins, K.D.6
  • 92
    • 0022998105 scopus 로고
    • Production of insulin-like growth factor I and its binding protein in rat hepatocytes cultured from diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats
    • Scott CD, Baxter RC. Production of insulin-like growth factor I and its binding protein in rat hepatocytes cultured from diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Endocrinology 1986; 119: 2346-2352.
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.119 , pp. 2346-2352
    • Scott, C.D.1    Baxter, R.C.2
  • 94
    • 0022622949 scopus 로고
    • Low serum somatomedin-C in insulin-dependent diabetes: Evidence for a postreceptor mechanism
    • Maes M, Underwood LE, Ketelslegers JM. Low serum somatomedin-C in insulin-dependent diabetes: evidence for a postreceptor mechanism. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 377-382.
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.118 , pp. 377-382
    • Maes, M.1    Underwood, L.E.2    Ketelslegers, J.M.3
  • 95
    • 0035213204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of IGF-I and -II by insulin in primary cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes
    • Goya L, de la Puente A, Ramos S, Martin MA, Escriva F, Alvarez C et al. Regulation of IGF-I and -II by insulin in primary cultures of fetal rat hepatocytes. Endocrinology 2001; 142: 5089-5096.
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 5089-5096
    • Goya, L.1    De la Puente, A.2    Ramos, S.3    Martin, M.A.4    Escriva, F.5    Alvarez, C.6
  • 96
    • 0021687738 scopus 로고
    • Effect of diabetes and its control on insulin-like growth factors in the young subject with type I diabetes
    • Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Hintz RL, Gertner JM, Press CM, Tamborlane WV. Effect of diabetes and its control on insulin-like growth factors in the young subject with type I diabetes. Diabetes 1984; 33: 1175-1179.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 1175-1179
    • Amiel, S.A.1    Sherwin, R.S.2    Hintz, R.L.3    Gertner, J.M.4    Press, C.M.5    Tamborlane, W.V.6
  • 97
    • 0029857842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intraperitoneal insulin delivery on growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 in IDDM
    • Hanaire-Broutin H, Sallerin-Caute B, Poncet MF, Tauber M, Bastide R, Chale JJ et al. Effect of intraperitoneal insulin delivery on growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 in IDDM. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1498-1504.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1498-1504
    • Hanaire-Broutin, H.1    Sallerin-Caute, B.2    Poncet, M.F.3    Tauber, M.4    Bastide, R.5    Chale, J.J.6
  • 98
    • 0030821277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • rhIGF-I administration reduces insulin requirements, decreases growth hormone secretion, and improves the lipid profile in adults with IDDM
    • Carroll PV, Umpleby M, Ward GS, Imuere S, Alexander E, Dunger D et al. rhIGF-I administration reduces insulin requirements, decreases growth hormone secretion, and improves the lipid profile in adults with IDDM. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1453-1458.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1453-1458
    • Carroll, P.V.1    Umpleby, M.2    Ward, G.S.3    Imuere, S.4    Alexander, E.5    Dunger, D.6
  • 99
    • 0027230860 scopus 로고
    • The effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I administration on growth hormone levels and insulin requirements in adolescents with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Cheetham TD, Jones J, Taylor AM, Holly J, Matthews DR, Dunger DB. The effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I administration on growth hormone levels and insulin requirements in adolescents with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 678-681.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , pp. 678-681
    • Cheetham, T.D.1    Jones, J.2    Taylor, A.M.3    Holly, J.4    Matthews, D.R.5    Dunger, D.B.6
  • 100
    • 0031647461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-dose recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on insulin sensitivity, growth hormone and glucagon levels in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Acerini CL, Harris DA, Matyka KA, Watts AP, Umpleby AM, Russell-Jones DL et al. Effects of low-dose recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on insulin sensitivity, growth hormone and glucagon levels in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1998; 47: 1481-1489.
    • (1998) Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 1481-1489
    • Acerini, C.L.1    Harris, D.A.2    Matyka, K.A.3    Watts, A.P.4    Umpleby, A.M.5    Russell-Jones, D.L.6
  • 101
    • 16744368709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IGF-I treatment in adults with type 1 diabetes: Effects on glucose and protein metabolism in the fasting state and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic amino acid clamp
    • Carroll PV, Christ ER, Umpleby AM, Gowrie I, Jackson N, Bowes SB et al. IGF-I treatment in adults with type 1 diabetes: effects on glucose and protein metabolism in the fasting state and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic amino acid clamp. Diabetes 2000; 49: 789-796.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 789-796
    • Carroll, P.V.1    Christ, E.R.2    Umpleby, A.M.3    Gowrie, I.4    Jackson, N.5    Bowes, S.B.6
  • 102
    • 0031586495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I plus intensive insulin therapy in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Acerini CL, Patton CM, Savage MO, Kernell A, Westphal O, Dunger DB. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I plus intensive insulin therapy in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1997; 350: 1199-1204.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1199-1204
    • Acerini, C.L.1    Patton, C.M.2    Savage, M.O.3    Kernell, A.4    Westphal, O.5    Dunger, D.B.6
  • 103
    • 0034456332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces insulin requirements in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes: Evidence for in vivo biological activity
    • Clemmons DR, Moses AC, McKay MJ, Sommer A, Rosen DM, Ruckle J. The combination of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 reduces insulin requirements in insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes: evidence for in vivo biological activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1518-1524.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 1518-1524
    • Clemmons, D.R.1    Moses, A.C.2    McKay, M.J.3    Sommer, A.4    Rosen, D.M.5    Ruckle, J.6
  • 105
    • 0027074505 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-I improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Zenobi PD, Jaeggi-Groisman SE, Riesen WF, Roder ME, Froesch ER. Insulin-like growth factor-I improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 2234-2241.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 2234-2241
    • Zenobi, P.D.1    Jaeggi-Groisman, S.E.2    Riesen, W.F.3    Roder, M.E.4    Froesch, E.R.5
  • 106
    • 0030032795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control in type II diabetes
    • Moses AC, Young SC, Morrow LA, O'Brien M, Clemmons DR. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control in type II diabetes. Diabetes 1996; 45: 91-100.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 91-100
    • Moses, A.C.1    Young, S.C.2    Morrow, L.A.3    O'Brien, M.4    Clemmons, D.R.5
  • 109
    • 0027932818 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on substrate oxidation and on insulin sensitivity in growth hormone-deficient humans
    • Hussain MA, Schmitz O, Mengel A, Glatz Y, Christiansen JS, Zapf J et al. Comparison of the effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on substrate oxidation and on insulin sensitivity in growth hormone-deficient humans. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1126-1133.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 1126-1133
    • Hussain, M.A.1    Schmitz, O.2    Mengel, A.3    Glatz, Y.4    Christiansen, J.S.5    Zapf, J.6
  • 110
    • 0034458011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-deficient humans: Differential effects on protein, glucose, lipid, and calcium metabolism
    • Mauras N, O'Brien KO, Welch S, Rini A, Helgeson K, Vieira NE et al. Insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-deficient humans: differential effects on protein, glucose, lipid, and calcium metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1686-1694.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 1686-1694
    • Mauras, N.1    O'Brien, K.O.2    Welch, S.3    Rini, A.4    Helgeson, K.5    Vieira, N.E.6
  • 111
    • 0026758821 scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Treatment of insulin-resistant diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin-like growth factor I in an adolescent with insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Usala AL, Madigan T, Burguera B, Sinha MK, Caro JF, Cunningham P et al. Brief report: treatment of insulin-resistant diabetic ketoacidosis with insulin-like growth factor I in an adolescent with insulin-dependent diabetes. N Eng J Med 1992; 327: 853-857.
    • (1992) N Eng J Med , vol.327 , pp. 853-857
    • Usala, A.L.1    Madigan, T.2    Burguera, B.3    Sinha, M.K.4    Caro, J.F.5    Cunningham, P.6
  • 112
    • 0025200572 scopus 로고
    • Acute response to recombinant insulin-like growth factor I in a patient with Mendenhall's syndrome
    • Quin JD, Fisher BM, Paterson KR, Inoue A, Beastall GH, MacCuish AC. Acute response to recombinant insulin-like growth factor I in a patient with Mendenhall's syndrome. N Eng J Med 1990; 323: 1425-1426.
    • (1990) N Eng J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1425-1426
    • Quin, J.D.1    Fisher, B.M.2    Paterson, K.R.3    Inoue, A.4    Beastall, G.H.5    MacCuish, A.C.6
  • 113
    • 0025822886 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF I) reduces hyperglycaemia in patients with extreme insulin resistance
    • Schoenle EJ, Zenobi PD, Torresani T, Werder EA, Zachmann M, Froesch ER. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF I) reduces hyperglycaemia in patients with extreme insulin resistance. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 675-679.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 675-679
    • Schoenle, E.J.1    Zenobi, P.D.2    Torresani, T.3    Werder, E.A.4    Zachmann, M.5    Froesch, E.R.6
  • 114
    • 0027932978 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor I in patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes type A
    • Zenobi PD, Glatz Y, Keller A, Graf S, Jaeggi-Groisman SE, Riesen WF et al. Beneficial metabolic effects of insulin-like growth factor I in patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes type A. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 131: 251-257.
    • (1994) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.131 , pp. 251-257
    • Zenobi, P.D.1    Glatz, Y.2    Keller, A.3    Graf, S.4    Jaeggi-Groisman, S.E.5    Riesen, W.F.6
  • 115
    • 0028300538 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I therapy improves glycemic control and insulin action in the type A syndrome of severe insulin resistance
    • Morrow LA, O'Brien MB, Moller DE, Flier JS, Moses AC. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I therapy improves glycemic control and insulin action in the type A syndrome of severe insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 205-210.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 205-210
    • Morrow, L.A.1    O'Brien, M.B.2    Moller, D.E.3    Flier, J.S.4    Moses, A.C.5
  • 116
    • 0029082168 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) as a therapeutic agent for hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus
    • Moses AC, Morrow LA, O'Brien M, Moller DE, Flier JS. Insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) as a therapeutic agent for hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 28: S185-194.
    • (1995) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.28
    • Moses, A.C.1    Morrow, L.A.2    O'Brien, M.3    Moller, D.E.4    Flier, J.S.5
  • 117
    • 0027245458 scopus 로고
    • Trial of insulinlike growth factor I therapy for patients with extreme insulin resistance syndromes
    • Kuzuya H, Matsuura N, Sakamoto M, Makino H, Sakamoto Y, Kadowaki T et al. Trial of insulinlike growth factor I therapy for patients with extreme insulin resistance syndromes. Diabetes 1993; 42: 696-705.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 696-705
    • Kuzuya, H.1    Matsuura, N.2    Sakamoto, M.3    Makino, H.4    Sakamoto, Y.5    Kadowaki, T.6
  • 118
    • 0031009731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice lacking insulin receptors
    • Di Cola G, Cool MH, Accili D. Hypoglycemic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice lacking insulin receptors. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2538-2544.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 2538-2544
    • Di Cola, G.1    Cool, M.H.2    Accili, D.3
  • 119
    • 0029393593 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in primary growth hormone resistance (Laron syndrome) before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment
    • Laron Z, Avitzur Y, Klinger B. Carbohydrate metabolism in primary growth hormone resistance (Laron syndrome) before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment. Metabolism: 1995; 44: 113-118.
    • (1995) Metabolism , vol.44 , pp. 113-118
    • Laron, Z.1    Avitzur, Y.2    Klinger, B.3
  • 120
    • 0033305597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essential role of IGF-I: Lessons from the long-term study and treatment of children and adults with Laron syndrome
    • Laron Z. The essential role of IGF-I: lessons from the long-term study and treatment of children and adults with Laron syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 4397-4404.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4397-4404
    • Laron, Z.1
  • 121
    • 0029805072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth failure associated with deletion of the insulin-like growth factor I gene
    • Woods KA, Camacho-Hubner C, Savage MO, Clark AJ. Intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth failure associated with deletion of the insulin-like growth factor I gene. N Eng J Med 1996; 335: 1363-1367.
    • (1996) N Eng J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1363-1367
    • Woods, K.A.1    Camacho-Hubner, C.2    Savage, M.O.3    Clark, A.J.4
  • 122
    • 0034458337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) therapy on body composition and insulin resistance in IGF-I gene deletion
    • Woods KA, Camacho-Hubner C, Bergman RN, Barter D, Clark AJ, Savage MO. Effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) therapy on body composition and insulin resistance in IGF-I gene deletion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 1407-1411.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 1407-1411
    • Woods, K.A.1    Camacho-Hubner, C.2    Bergman, R.N.3    Barter, D.4    Clark, A.J.5    Savage, M.O.6
  • 123
    • 0028958031 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: Biological actions
    • Jones JI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 3-34.
    • (1995) Endocr Rev , vol.16 , pp. 3-34
    • Jones, J.I.1    Clemmons, D.R.2
  • 124
    • 0033304507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) superfamily
    • Hwa V, Oh Y, Rosenfeld RG. The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) superfamily. Endocr Rev 1999; 20: 761-787.
    • (1999) Endocr Rev , vol.20 , pp. 761-787
    • Hwa, V.1    Oh, Y.2    Rosenfeld, R.G.3
  • 125
    • 0028000737 scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, and IGF-I in insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Brismar K, Fernqvist-Forbes E, Wahren J, Hall K. Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, and IGF-I in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 872-878.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 872-878
    • Brismar, K.1    Fernqvist-Forbes, E.2    Wahren, J.3    Hall, K.4
  • 126
    • 0024203601 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation of GH-independent IGF-binding protein in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to insulin. A new role for insulin?
    • Holly JM, Biddlecombe RA, Dunger DB, Edge JA, Amiel SA, Howell R et al. Circadian variation of GH-independent IGF-binding protein in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to insulin. A new role for insulin? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1988; 29: 667-675.
    • (1988) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.29 , pp. 667-675
    • Holly, J.M.1    Biddlecombe, R.A.2    Dunger, D.B.3    Edge, J.A.4    Amiel, S.A.5    Howell, R.6
  • 127
    • 0025837067 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Batch JA, Baxter RC, Werther G. Abnormal regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 964-968.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 964-968
    • Batch, J.A.1    Baxter, R.C.2    Werther, G.3
  • 128
    • 0026005865 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 modulates blood glucose levels
    • Lewitt MS, Denyer GS, Cooney GJ, Baxter RC. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 modulates blood glucose levels. Endocrinology 1991; 129: 2254-2256.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.129 , pp. 2254-2256
    • Lewitt, M.S.1    Denyer, G.S.2    Cooney, G.J.3    Baxter, R.C.4
  • 129
    • 0027475441 scopus 로고
    • Responses of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and the IGFBP-3 complex to administration of insulin-like growth factor-I
    • Baxter RC, Hizuka N, Takano K, Holman SR, Asakawa K. Responses of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and the IGFBP-3 complex to administration of insulin-like growth factor-I. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128: 101-108.
    • (1993) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.128 , pp. 101-108
    • Baxter, R.C.1    Hizuka, N.2    Takano, K.3    Holman, S.R.4    Asakawa, K.5
  • 130
  • 131
    • 0030039019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential changes in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins in children with end-stage liver disease before and after successful orthotopic liver transplantation
    • Holt RIG, Jones JS, Stone NM, Baker AJ, Miell JP. Sequential changes in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins in children with end-stage liver disease before and after successful orthotopic liver transplantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 160-168.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 160-168
    • Holt, R.I.G.1    Jones, J.S.2    Stone, N.M.3    Baker, A.J.4    Miell, J.P.5
  • 132
    • 0033974036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasogastric feeding enhances nutritional status in paediatric liver disease but does not alter circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins
    • Holt RIG, Miell JP, Jones JS, Mieli-Vergani G, Baker AJ. Nasogastric feeding enhances nutritional status in paediatric liver disease but does not alter circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52: 217-224.
    • (2000) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.52 , pp. 217-224
    • Holt, R.I.G.1    Miell, J.P.2    Jones, J.S.3    Mieli-Vergani, G.4    Baker, A.J.5
  • 133
    • 0029861209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose homeostasis in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 transgenic mice
    • Rajkumar K, Krsek M, Dheen ST, Murphy LJ. Impaired glucose homeostasis in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 1818-1825.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 1818-1825
    • Rajkumar, K.1    Krsek, M.2    Dheen, S.T.3    Murphy, L.J.4
  • 134
    • 0034088143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF binding protein-1 axis in transgenic mice is associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance
    • Crossey PA, Jones JS, Miell JP. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF binding protein-1 axis in transgenic mice is associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. Diabetes 2000; 49: 457-465.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 457-465
    • Crossey, P.A.1    Jones, J.S.2    Miell, J.P.3
  • 135
    • 15844383627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in IGF binding protein-1 transgenic mice
    • Rajkumar K, Dheen ST, Murphy LJ. Hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in IGF binding protein-1 transgenic mice. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: E565-571.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Rajkumar, K.1    Dheen, S.T.2    Murphy, L.J.3
  • 136
    • 0033060656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced gluconeogenesis and hepatic insulin resistance in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 transgenic mice
    • Rajkumar K, Murphy LJ. Enhanced gluconeogenesis and hepatic insulin resistance in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 transgenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1426: 491-497.
    • (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1426 , pp. 491-497
    • Rajkumar, K.1    Murphy, L.J.2
  • 137
    • 0033304640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 in transgenic mice reduces postnatal body weight gain
    • Hoeflich A, Wu M, Mohan S, Foll J, Wanke R, Froehlich T et al. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 in transgenic mice reduces postnatal body weight gain. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 5488-5496.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 5488-5496
    • Hoeflich, A.1    Wu, M.2    Mohan, S.3    Foll, J.4    Wanke, R.5    Froehlich, T.6
  • 138
    • 0027145440 scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II and IGF binding proteins in extrapancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia
    • Zapf J. Role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II and IGF binding proteins in extrapancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia. J Int Med 1993; 234: 543-552.
    • (1993) J Int Med , vol.234 , pp. 543-552
    • Zapf, J.1
  • 140
    • 0025989320 scopus 로고
    • Impaired formation of the ternary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex in patients with hypoglycemia due to nonislet cell tumors
    • Baxter RC, Daughaday WH. Impaired formation of the ternary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex in patients with hypoglycemia due to nonislet cell tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 696-702.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 696-702
    • Baxter, R.C.1    Daughaday, W.H.2
  • 141
    • 0027278676 scopus 로고
    • Serum 'big insulin-like growth factor II' from patients with tumor hypoglycemia lacks normal E-domain O-linked glycosylation, a possible determinant of normal propeptide processing
    • Daughaday WH, Trivedi B, Baxter RC. Serum 'big insulin-like growth factor II' from patients with tumor hypoglycemia lacks normal E-domain O-linked glycosylation, a possible determinant of normal propeptide processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 5823-5827.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 5823-5827
    • Daughaday, W.H.1    Trivedi, B.2    Baxter, R.C.3
  • 142
    • 0022386613 scopus 로고
    • Expression of insulin-like growth factor-II transcripts in Wilms' tumour
    • Reeve AE, Eccles MR, Wilkins RJ, Bell GI, Millow LJ. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-II transcripts in Wilms' tumour. Nature 1985; 317: 258-260.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 258-260
    • Reeve, A.E.1    Eccles, M.R.2    Wilkins, R.J.3    Bell, G.I.4    Millow, L.J.5
  • 143
    • 0024560568 scopus 로고
    • Increased insulin-like growth factor II production and consequent suppression of growth hormone secretion: A dual mechanism for tumor-induced hypoglycemia
    • Ron D, Powers AC, Pandian MR, Godine JE, Axelrod L. Increased insulin-like growth factor II production and consequent suppression of growth hormone secretion: a dual mechanism for tumor-induced hypoglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 701-706.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 701-706
    • Ron, D.1    Powers, A.C.2    Pandian, M.R.3    Godine, J.E.4    Axelrod, L.5
  • 144
    • 0027104634 scopus 로고
    • Can 'big' insulin-like growth factor II in serum of tumor patients account for the development of extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia?
    • Zapf J, Futo E, Peter M, Froesch ER. Can 'big' insulin-like growth factor II in serum of tumor patients account for the development of extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia? J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 2574-2584.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 2574-2584
    • Zapf, J.1    Futo, E.2    Peter, M.3    Froesch, E.R.4
  • 145
    • 9044225942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of growth hormone treatment on the insulin-like growth factor axis in a child with nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia
    • Katz LE, Liu F, Baker B, Agus MS, Nunn SE, Hintz RL et al. The effect of growth hormone treatment on the insulin-like growth factor axis in a child with nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1141-1146.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Katz, L.E.1    Liu, F.2    Baker, B.3    Agus, M.S.4    Nunn, S.E.5    Hintz, R.L.6
  • 146
    • 0023715517 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor II by a leiomyosarcoma with associated hypoglycemia
    • Daughaday WH, Emanuele MA, Brooks MH, Barbato AL, Kapadia M, Rotwein P. Synthesis and secretion of insulin-like growth factor II by a leiomyosarcoma with associated hypoglycemia. N Eng J Med 1988; 319: 1434-1440.
    • (1988) N Eng J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1434-1440
    • Daughaday, W.H.1    Emanuele, M.A.2    Brooks, M.H.3    Barbato, A.L.4    Kapadia, M.5    Rotwein, P.6
  • 147
    • 0031980093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of circulating free insulin-like growth factors in patients with nonislet cell tumour hypoglycaemia
    • Frystyk J, Skjaerbaek C, Zapf J, Orskov H. Increased levels of circulating free insulin-like growth factors in patients with nonislet cell tumour hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 589-594.
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 589-594
    • Frystyk, J.1    Skjaerbaek, C.2    Zapf, J.3    Orskov, H.4
  • 148
    • 0026583360 scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia by growth hormone therapy is associated with changes in IGF binding protein-3
    • Teale JD, Blum WF, Marks V. Alleviation of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia by growth hormone therapy is associated with changes in IGF binding protein-3. Ann Clin Biochem 1992; 29: 314-323.
    • (1992) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.29 , pp. 314-323
    • Teale, J.D.1    Blum, W.F.2    Marks, V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.