메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 976-986

Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: Sources of relapse after behavioral extinction

Author keywords

Anxiety disorders; Conditioning; Context; Extinction; Relapse; Therapy

Indexed keywords

AMBIGUITY; BEHAVIOR; CONDITIONING; DESTRUCTION; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REINFORCEMENT; RELAPSE; REVIEW; STIMULUS RESPONSE;

EID: 0037112191     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01546-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1338)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 0022263377 scopus 로고
    • Administration of dexamethasone prior to training blocks ACTH-induced recovery of an extinguished avoidance response
    • Ahlers S.T., Richardson R. Administration of dexamethasone prior to training blocks ACTH-induced recovery of an extinguished avoidance response. Behav Neurosci. 99:1985;760-764.
    • (1985) Behav Neurosci , vol.99 , pp. 760-764
    • Ahlers, S.T.1    Richardson, R.2
  • 2
    • 0000853431 scopus 로고
    • Contextual conditioning and reinstatement of extinguished instrumental responding
    • Baker A.G., Steinwald H., Bouton M.E., et al. Contextual conditioning and reinstatement of extinguished instrumental responding. Q J Exper Psychol. 43B:1991;199-218.
    • (1991) Q J Exper Psychol , vol.43 B , pp. 199-218
    • Baker, A.G.1    Steinwald, H.2    Bouton, M.E.3
  • 3
    • 0002824429 scopus 로고
    • Differential control by context in the inflation and reinstatement paradigms
    • Bouton M.E. Differential control by context in the inflation and reinstatement paradigms. J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes. 10:1984;56-74.
    • (1984) J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes , vol.10 , pp. 56-74
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 4
    • 38249042960 scopus 로고
    • Slow reacquisition following the extinction of conditioned suppression
    • Bouton M.E. Slow reacquisition following the extinction of conditioned suppression. Learn Motiv. 17:1986;1-15.
    • (1986) Learn Motiv , vol.17 , pp. 1-15
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 5
    • 0023901437 scopus 로고
    • Context and ambiguity in the extinction of emotional learning: Implications for exposure therapy
    • Bouton M.E. Context and ambiguity in the extinction of emotional learning Implications for exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther. 26:1988;137-149.
    • (1988) Behav Res Ther , vol.26 , pp. 137-149
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 6
    • 0027630812 scopus 로고
    • Context time and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning
    • Bouton M.E. Context time and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychol Bull. 114:1993;80-99.
    • (1993) Psychol Bull , vol.114 , pp. 80-99
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 8
    • 0033630115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A learning theory perspective on lapse relapse and the maintenance of behavior change
    • Bouton M.E. A learning theory perspective on lapse relapse and the maintenance of behavior change. Health Psychol. 19:(suppl):2000;57-63.
    • (2000) Health Psychol , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 57-63
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 9
    • 0001216061 scopus 로고
    • Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear
    • Bouton M.E., Bolles R.C. Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear. Learn Motiv. 10:1979;445-466.
    • (1979) Learn Motiv , vol.10 , pp. 445-466
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Bolles, R.C.2
  • 10
    • 0018526860 scopus 로고
    • Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear
    • Bouton M.E., Bolles R.C. Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear. J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes. 5:1979;368-378.
    • (1979) J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes , vol.5 , pp. 368-378
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Bolles, R.C.2
  • 11
    • 0001981629 scopus 로고
    • Contexts event-memories and extinction
    • P.D. Balsam, & A. Tomie. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Bouton M.E., Bolles R.C. Contexts event-memories and extinction. Balsam P.D., Tomie A., Context and Learning. 1985;133-166 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1985) Context and Learning , pp. 133-166
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Bolles, R.C.2
  • 12
    • 0000748349 scopus 로고
    • Time and context effects on performance in a Pavlovian discrimination reversal
    • Bouton M.E., Brooks D.C. Time and context effects on performance in a Pavlovian discrimination reversal. J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes. 19:1993;165-179.
    • (1993) J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes , vol.19 , pp. 165-179
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Brooks, D.C.2
  • 13
    • 0025213573 scopus 로고
    • State-dependent fear extinction with two benzodiazepine tranquilizers
    • Bouton M.E., Kenney F.A., Rosengard C., et al. State-dependent fear extinction with two benzodiazepine tranquilizers. Behav Neurosci. 104:1990;44-55.
    • (1990) Behav Neurosci , vol.104 , pp. 44-55
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Kenney, F.A.2    Rosengard, C.3
  • 14
    • 0020965801 scopus 로고
    • Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context
    • Bouton M.E., King D.A. Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear Tests for the associative value of the context. J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes. 9:1983;248-265.
    • (1983) J Exper Psychol: Anim Behav Processes , vol.9 , pp. 248-265
    • Bouton, M.E.1    King, D.A.2
  • 15
    • 33645267912 scopus 로고
    • Effect of context on performance to conditioned stimuli with mixed histories of reinforcement and nonreinforcement
    • Bouton M.E., King D.A. Effect of context on performance to conditioned stimuli with mixed histories of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 12:1986;4-15.
    • (1986) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.12 , pp. 4-15
    • Bouton, M.E.1    King, D.A.2
  • 16
    • 0028135816 scopus 로고
    • Context-specificity of target versus feature inhibition in a feature-negative discrimination
    • Bouton M.E., Nelson J.B. Context-specificity of target versus feature inhibition in a feature-negative discrimination. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 20:1994;51-65.
    • (1994) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.20 , pp. 51-65
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Nelson, J.B.2
  • 17
    • 0002454962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of context in classical conditioning: Some implications for cognitive behavior therapy
    • W. O'Donohue. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon
    • Bouton M.E., Nelson J.B. The role of context in classical conditioning Some implications for cognitive behavior therapy. O'Donohue W., Learning and Behavior Therapy. 1998;59-84 Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
    • (1998) Learning and Behavior Therapy , pp. 59-84
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Nelson, J.B.2
  • 18
    • 0033090876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulus generalization context change and forgetting
    • Bouton M.E., Nelson J.B., Rosas J.M., et al. Stimulus generalization context change and forgetting. Psychol Bull. 125:1999;171-186.
    • (1999) Psychol Bull , vol.125 , pp. 171-186
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Nelson, J.B.2    Rosas, J.M.3
  • 19
    • 0024518081 scopus 로고
    • Context effects on conditioning extinction and reinstatement in an appetitive conditioning preparation
    • Bouton M.E., Peck C.A. Context effects on conditioning extinction and reinstatement in an appetitive conditioning preparation. Anim Learn Behav. 17:1989;188-198.
    • (1989) Anim Learn Behav , vol.17 , pp. 188-198
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Peck, C.A.2
  • 20
    • 0026483498 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous recovery in cross-motivational transfer (counterconditioning)
    • Bouton M.E., Peck C.A. Spontaneous recovery in cross-motivational transfer (counterconditioning). Anim Learning Behav. 20:1992;313-321.
    • (1992) Anim Learning Behav , vol.20 , pp. 313-321
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Peck, C.A.2
  • 21
    • 0028068494 scopus 로고
    • Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context
    • Bouton M.E., Ricker S.T. Renewal of extinguished responding in a second context. Anim Learn Behav. 22:1994;317-324.
    • (1994) Anim Learn Behav , vol.22 , pp. 317-324
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Ricker, S.T.2
  • 22
    • 0027545973 scopus 로고
    • Effects of contextual conditioning and unconditional stimulus presentation on performance in appetitive conditioning
    • Bouton M.E., Rosengard C., Achenbach G.G., Peck C.A., Brooks D.C., et al. Effects of contextual conditioning and unconditional stimulus presentation on performance in appetitive conditioning. Q J Exper Psychol. 46B:1993;63-95.
    • (1993) Q J Exper Psychol , vol.46 B , pp. 63-95
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Rosengard, C.2    Achenbach, G.G.3    Peck, C.A.4    Brooks, D.C.5
  • 23
    • 0002879784 scopus 로고
    • Slow reacquisition following extinction: Context encoding and retrieval mechanisms
    • Bouton M.E., Swartzentruber D. Slow reacquisition following extinction Context encoding and retrieval mechanisms. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 15:1989;43-53.
    • (1989) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.15 , pp. 43-53
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Swartzentruber, D.2
  • 24
    • 0025752914 scopus 로고
    • Sources of relapse after extinction in Pavlovian and instrumental learning
    • Bouton M.E., Swartzentruber D. Sources of relapse after extinction in Pavlovian and instrumental learning. Clin Psychol Rev. 11:1991;123-140.
    • (1991) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.11 , pp. 123-140
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Swartzentruber, D.2
  • 25
    • 0019533414 scopus 로고
    • Mood and memory
    • Bower G.H. Mood and memory. Am Psychol. 36:1981;129-148.
    • (1981) Am Psychol , vol.36 , pp. 129-148
    • Bower, G.H.1
  • 26
    • 0034132697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent and remote extinction cues reduce spontaneous recovery
    • Brooks D.C. Recent and remote extinction cues reduce spontaneous recovery. Q J Exper Psycho. 153B:2000;25-58.
    • (2000) Q J Exper Psycho , vol.153 B , pp. 25-58
    • Brooks, D.C.1
  • 27
    • 0027343306 scopus 로고
    • A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates spontaneous recovery
    • Brooks D.C., Bouton M.E. A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates spontaneous recovery. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 19:1993;77-89.
    • (1993) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.19 , pp. 77-89
    • Brooks, D.C.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 28
    • 0000389319 scopus 로고
    • A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates response recovery (renewal) caused by a return to the conditioning context
    • Brooks D.C., Bouton M.E. A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates response recovery (renewal) caused by a return to the conditioning context. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 20:1994;366-379.
    • (1994) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.20 , pp. 366-379
    • Brooks, D.C.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 29
    • 0035744586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence that conditioned inhibition is not the mechanism of an extinction cue's effect: A reinforced cue prevents spontaneous recovery
    • Brooks D.C., Bowker J.L. Further evidence that conditioned inhibition is not the mechanism of an extinction cue's effect A reinforced cue prevents spontaneous recovery. Anim Learn Behav. 29:2001;381-388.
    • (2001) Anim Learn Behav , vol.29 , pp. 381-388
    • Brooks, D.C.1    Bowker, J.L.2
  • 31
    • 0035102606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction and spontaneous recovery of ataxic tolerance to ethanol in rats
    • Brooks D.C., Karamanlian B.R., Foster V.L., et al. Extinction and spontaneous recovery of ataxic tolerance to ethanol in rats. Psychopharmacology. 153:2001;491-496.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 491-496
    • Brooks, D.C.1    Karamanlian, B.R.2    Foster, V.L.3
  • 32
    • 0033033939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extinction cue reduces spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion
    • Brooks D.C., Palmatier M.I., Garcia E.O., Johnson J.L., et al. An extinction cue reduces spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion. Anim Learn Behav. 27:1999;77-88.
    • (1999) Anim Learn Behav , vol.27 , pp. 77-88
    • Brooks, D.C.1    Palmatier, M.I.2    Garcia, E.O.3    Johnson, J.L.4
  • 33
    • 0030295737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioned inhibition produced by extinction of a conditioned stimulus
    • Calton J.L., Mitchell K.G., Schachtman T.R., et al. Conditioned inhibition produced by extinction of a conditioned stimulus. Learn Motiv. 27:1996;335-361.
    • (1996) Learn Motiv , vol.27 , pp. 335-361
    • Calton, J.L.1    Mitchell, K.G.2    Schachtman, T.R.3
  • 34
    • 0026748326 scopus 로고
    • Intra-amygdala infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5 blocks acquisition but not expression of fear-potentiated startle to an auditory conditioned stimulus
    • Campeau S., Miserendino M.J.D., Davis M., et al. Intra-amygdala infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5 blocks acquisition but not expression of fear-potentiated startle to an auditory conditioned stimulus. Behav Neurosci. 106:1992;569-574.
    • (1992) Behav Neurosci , vol.106 , pp. 569-574
    • Campeau, S.1    Miserendino, M.J.D.2    Davis, M.3
  • 35
    • 0000478414 scopus 로고
    • The sequential view: From rapidly fading stimulus traces to the organization of memory and the abstract concept of number
    • Capaldi E.J. The sequential view From rapidly fading stimulus traces to the organization of memory and the abstract concept of number. Psychonomic Bull Rev. 1:1994;156-181.
    • (1994) Psychonomic Bull Rev , vol.1 , pp. 156-181
    • Capaldi, E.J.1
  • 36
    • 0001827704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of the renewal effect by extinction in multiple contexts
    • Chelonis J.J., Calton J.L., Hart J.A., Schachtman T.R., et al. Attenuation of the renewal effect by extinction in multiple contexts. Learn Motiv. 30:1999;1-14.
    • (1999) Learn Motiv , vol.30 , pp. 1-14
    • Chelonis, J.J.1    Calton, J.L.2    Hart, J.A.3    Schachtman, T.R.4
  • 37
    • 0036218460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on alcohol cue reactivity among nonalcoholic drinkers
    • Collins B.N., Brandon T.H. Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on alcohol cue reactivity among nonalcoholic drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 70:2002;390-397.
    • (2002) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.70 , pp. 390-397
    • Collins, B.N.1    Brandon, T.H.2
  • 38
    • 0036145911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of drug seeking by contextual cues after prolonged extinction in rats
    • Crombag H.S., Shaham Y. Renewal of drug seeking by contextual cues after prolonged extinction in rats. Behav Neurosci. 116:2002;169-173.
    • (2002) Behav Neurosci , vol.116 , pp. 169-173
    • Crombag, H.S.1    Shaham, Y.2
  • 39
    • 0018701752 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol as a cue for extinction: State dependency produced by conditioned inhibition
    • Cunningham C.L. Alcohol as a cue for extinction State dependency produced by conditioned inhibition. Anim Learn Behav. 7:1979;45-52.
    • (1979) Anim Learn Behav , vol.7 , pp. 45-52
    • Cunningham, C.L.1
  • 40
    • 0027672096 scopus 로고
    • The nature and function of interoceptive signals to feed: Toward integration of physiological and learning perspectives
    • Davidson T.L. The nature and function of interoceptive signals to feed Toward integration of physiological and learning perspectives. Psychol Rev. 100:1993;640-657.
    • (1993) Psychol Rev , vol.100 , pp. 640-657
    • Davidson, T.L.1
  • 41
    • 0030679666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective reinstatement of stimulus-outcome associations
    • Delamater A.R. Selective reinstatement of stimulus-outcome associations. Anim Learn Behav. 25:1997;400-412.
    • (1997) Anim Learn Behav , vol.25 , pp. 400-412
    • Delamater, A.R.1
  • 43
    • 0019780124 scopus 로고
    • Reinstatement of cocaine-reinforced responding in the rat
    • De Wit H., Stewart J. Reinstatement of cocaine-reinforced responding in the rat. Psychopharmacology. 75:1981;134-143.
    • (1981) Psychopharmacology , vol.75 , pp. 134-143
    • De Wit, H.1    Stewart, J.2
  • 44
    • 21844482563 scopus 로고
    • Searching for mood dependent memory
    • Eich E. Searching for mood dependent memory. Psychol Sci. 6:1995;67-75.
    • (1995) Psychol Sci , vol.6 , pp. 67-75
    • Eich, E.1
  • 45
    • 0000581049 scopus 로고
    • Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression
    • Estes W.K. Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. Psychol Rev. 62:1955;145-154.
    • (1955) Psychol Rev , vol.62 , pp. 145-154
    • Estes, W.K.1
  • 46
    • 0003090177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction: A review of theory and the evidence suggesting that memories are not erased with nonreinforcement
    • W. O'Donohue. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
    • Falls W.A. Extinction A review of theory and the evidence suggesting that memories are not erased with nonreinforcement. O'Donohue W., Learning and Behavior Therapy. 1998;205-229 Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
    • (1998) Learning and Behavior Therapy , pp. 205-229
    • Falls, W.A.1
  • 47
    • 0026552579 scopus 로고
    • Extinction of fear-potentiated startle: Blockade by infusion of an NMDA antagonist in the amygdala
    • Falls W.A., Miserendino M.J., Davis M., et al. Extinction of fear-potentiated startle Blockade by infusion of an NMDA antagonist in the amygdala. J Neurosci. 12:1992;854-863.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 854-863
    • Falls, W.A.1    Miserendino, M.J.2    Davis, M.3
  • 48
    • 0033943716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of neurotoxic hippocampal lesions on two effects of context after fear extinction
    • Frohardt R.J., Guarraci F.A., Bouton M.E., et al. The effects of neurotoxic hippocampal lesions on two effects of context after fear extinction. Behav Neurosci. 114:2000;227-240.
    • (2000) Behav Neurosci , vol.114 , pp. 227-240
    • Frohardt, R.J.1    Guarraci, F.A.2    Bouton, M.E.3
  • 49
    • 0001878290 scopus 로고
    • Monotonic and nonmonotonic lag effects in paired-associate and recognition memory paradigms
    • Glenberg A.M. Monotonic and nonmonotonic lag effects in paired-associate and recognition memory paradigms. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav. 15:1976;1-16.
    • (1976) J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav , vol.15 , pp. 1-16
    • Glenberg, A.M.1
  • 50
    • 0031806210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conducting exposure treatment in multiple contexts can prevent relapse
    • Gunther L.M., Denniston J.C., Miller R.R., et al. Conducting exposure treatment in multiple contexts can prevent relapse. Behav Res Ther. 36:1998;75-91.
    • (1998) Behav Res Ther , vol.36 , pp. 75-91
    • Gunther, L.M.1    Denniston, J.C.2    Miller, R.R.3
  • 52
    • 0029094387 scopus 로고
    • Slow reacquisition of a conditioned taste aversion
    • Hart J.A., Bourne M.J., Schachtman T.R., et al. Slow reacquisition of a conditioned taste aversion. Anim Learn Behav. 23:1995;297-303.
    • (1995) Anim Learn Behav , vol.23 , pp. 297-303
    • Hart, J.A.1    Bourne, M.J.2    Schachtman, T.R.3
  • 53
    • 0028108902 scopus 로고
    • Relapse prevention program for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Hiss H., Foa E.B., Kozak M.J., et al. Relapse prevention program for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Consult Clin Psycho. 162:1994;801-808.
    • (1994) J Consult Clin Psycho , vol.162 , pp. 801-808
    • Hiss, H.1    Foa, E.B.2    Kozak, M.J.3
  • 54
    • 0030753889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savings in animal learning: Implications for relapse and maintenance after therapy
    • Kehoe E.J., Macrae M. Savings in animal learning Implications for relapse and maintenance after therapy. Behav Ther. 28:1997;141-155.
    • (1997) Behav Ther , vol.28 , pp. 141-155
    • Kehoe, E.J.1    Macrae, M.2
  • 56
    • 0033964079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: A review of major perspectives and findings
    • Kushner M.G., Abrams K., Borchardt C., et al. The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders A review of major perspectives and findings. Clin Psychol Rev. 20:2000;149-171.
    • (2000) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.20 , pp. 149-171
    • Kushner, M.G.1    Abrams, K.2    Borchardt, C.3
  • 57
    • 0011461360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of a new theory of disuse for the treatment of emotional disorders
    • Lang A.J., Craske M.G., Bjork R.A., et al. Implications of a new theory of disuse for the treatment of emotional disorders. Clin Psychol Sci Practice. 6:1999;80-94.
    • (1999) Clin Psychol Sci Practice , vol.6 , pp. 80-94
    • Lang, A.J.1    Craske, M.G.2    Bjork, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 0035425707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different requirements for protein synthesis in acquisition and extinction of spatial preferences and context-evoked fear
    • Lattal K.M., Abel T. Different requirements for protein synthesis in acquisition and extinction of spatial preferences and context-evoked fear. J Neurosci. 21:2001;5773-5780.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 5773-5780
    • Lattal, K.M.1    Abel, T.2
  • 59
    • 0032531699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdalar NMDA receptors are critical for new fear learning in previously fear-conditioned rats
    • Lee H., Kim J.J. Amygdalar NMDA receptors are critical for new fear learning in previously fear-conditioned rats. J Neurosci. 18:1998;8444-8454.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8444-8454
    • Lee, H.1    Kim, J.J.2
  • 60
    • 0035882941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala is involved in extinction of fear-potentiated startle
    • Lu K.T., Walker D.L., Davis M., et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala is involved in extinction of fear-potentiated startle. J Neurosci. 21:2001;RC162.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21
    • Lu, K.T.1    Walker, D.L.2    Davis, M.3
  • 61
    • 0022081664 scopus 로고
    • Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information
    • McClelland J.L., Rumelhart D.E. Distributed memory and the representation of general and specific information. J Exper Psychol Gen. 114:1985;159-188.
    • (1985) J Exper Psychol Gen , vol.114 , pp. 159-188
    • McClelland, J.L.1    Rumelhart, D.E.2
  • 62
    • 77957064197 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks: The sequential learning problem
    • G.H. Bower. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • McCloskey M., Cohen N.J. Catastrophic interference in connectionist networks The sequential learning problem. Bower G.H., The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. 1989;109-165 Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Vol. 24.
    • (1989) The Psychology of Learning and Motivation , vol.24 , pp. 109-165
    • McCloskey, M.1    Cohen, N.J.2
  • 63
    • 0032770252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear
    • Mineka S., Mystkowski J.L., Hladek D., Rodriguez B.I., et al. The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear. J Consult Clin Psycho. 167:1999;599-604.
    • (1999) J Consult Clin Psycho , vol.167 , pp. 599-604
    • Mineka, S.1    Mystkowski, J.L.2    Hladek, D.3    Rodriguez, B.I.4
  • 64
    • 0025367265 scopus 로고
    • Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdal
    • Miserendino M.J.D., Sananes C.B., Melia K.R., Davis M., et al. Blocking of acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear-potentiated startle by NMDA antagonists in the amygdal. Nature. 345:1990;716-718.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 716-718
    • Miserendino, M.J.D.1    Sananes, C.B.2    Melia, K.R.3    Davis, M.4
  • 65
    • 0000897433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment context and return of fear in spider phobia
    • Mystkowski JL, Craske MG, Echiverri AM, et al. Treatment context and return of fear in spider phobia. Behav Ther. 33:2002;399-416.
    • (2002) Behav Ther , vol.33 , pp. 399-416
    • Mystkowski JL1    Craske MG2    Echiverri AM3
  • 66
    • 0001232956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of extinguished lever-press responses upon return to the training context
    • Nakajima S., Tanaka S., Urshihara K., Imada H., et al. Renewal of extinguished lever-press responses upon return to the training context. Learn Motiv. 31:2000;416-431.
    • (2000) Learn Motiv , vol.31 , pp. 416-431
    • Nakajima, S.1    Tanaka, S.2    Urshihara, K.3    Imada, H.4
  • 67
    • 0026844872 scopus 로고
    • Rapid reacquisition in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response
    • Napier R.M., Macrae M., Kehoe E.J., et al. Rapid reacquisition in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 18:1992;182-192.
    • (1992) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.18 , pp. 182-192
    • Napier, R.M.1    Macrae, M.2    Kehoe, E.J.3
  • 68
    • 0036000572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context specificity of excitation and inhibition in ambiguous stimuli
    • Nelson J.B. Context specificity of excitation and inhibition in ambiguous stimuli. Learn Motiv. 33:2002;284-310.
    • (2002) Learn Motiv , vol.33 , pp. 284-310
    • Nelson, J.B.1
  • 70
    • 0001891675 scopus 로고
    • Contextual stimulus effects of drugs and internal states
    • P.D. Balsam, & A. Tomie. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Overton D.A. Contextual stimulus effects of drugs and internal states. Balsam P.D., Tomie A., Context and Learning. 1985;357-384 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1985) Context and Learning , pp. 357-384
    • Overton, D.A.1
  • 72
    • 0000275386 scopus 로고
    • A model for Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not unconditioned stimuli
    • Pearce J.M., Hall G. A model for Pavlovian conditioning Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not unconditioned stimuli. Psychol Rev. 87:1980;332-352.
    • (1980) Psychol Rev , vol.87 , pp. 332-352
    • Pearce, J.M.1    Hall, G.2
  • 73
    • 38249020550 scopus 로고
    • Context and performance in aversive-to-appetitive and appetitive-to-aversive transfer
    • Peck C.A., Bouton M.E. Context and performance in aversive-to-appetitive and appetitive-to-aversive transfer. Learn Motiv. 21:1990;1-31.
    • (1990) Learn Motiv , vol.21 , pp. 1-31
    • Peck, C.A.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 74
    • 0018376681 scopus 로고
    • The return of fear
    • Rachman S.J. The return of fear. Behav Res Ther. 17:1979;164-165.
    • (1979) Behav Res Ther , vol.17 , pp. 164-165
    • Rachman, S.J.1
  • 75
    • 0024346401 scopus 로고
    • The return of fear: Review and prospect
    • Rachman S.J. The return of fear Review and prospect. Clin Psychol Rev. 9:1989;147-168.
    • (1989) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.9 , pp. 147-168
    • Rachman, S.J.1
  • 76
    • 0035318450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments that weaken Pavlovian conditioned fear and thwart its renewal in rats: Implications for treating human phobias
    • Rauhut A.S., Thomas B.L., Ayres J.J.B., et al. Treatments that weaken Pavlovian conditioned fear and thwart its renewal in rats Implications for treating human phobias. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 27:2001;99-114.
    • (2001) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.27 , pp. 99-114
    • Rauhut, A.S.1    Thomas, B.L.2    Ayres, J.J.B.3
  • 77
    • 0001699982 scopus 로고
    • The role of the reinforcer as a stimulus
    • Reid R.L. The role of the reinforcer as a stimulus. Br J Psychol. 49:1958;202-209.
    • (1958) Br J Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 202-209
    • Reid, R.L.1
  • 78
    • 0015716333 scopus 로고
    • Effect of US habituation following conditioning
    • Rescorla R.A. Effect of US habituation following conditioning. J Comp Physiol Psycho. 182:1973;137-143.
    • (1973) J Comp Physiol Psycho , vol.182 , pp. 137-143
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 79
    • 0027194563 scopus 로고
    • Preservation of response-outcome associations through extinction
    • Rescorla R.A. Preservation of response-outcome associations through extinction. Anim Learn Behav. 21:1993;238-245.
    • (1993) Anim Learn Behav , vol.21 , pp. 238-245
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 80
    • 0030518312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of Pavlovian associations through extinction
    • Rescorla R.A. Preservation of Pavlovian associations through extinction. Q J Exper Psychol. 49B:1996;245-258.
    • (1996) Q J Exper Psychol , vol.49 B , pp. 245-258
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 81
    • 0002196480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental extinction
    • R.R. Mowrer, & S.B. Klein. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Rescorla R.A. Experimental extinction. Mowrer R.R., Klein S.B., Handbook of Contemporary Learning Theories. 2001;119-154 Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
    • (2001) Handbook of Contemporary Learning Theories , pp. 119-154
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 84
    • 0002109138 scopus 로고
    • A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement
    • A.H. Black, & W.K. Prokasy. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
    • Rescorla R.A., Wagner A.R. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. Black A.H., Prokasy W.K., Classical Conditioning II Current Research and Theory. 1972;Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
    • (1972) Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory
    • Rescorla, R.A.1    Wagner, A.R.2
  • 85
    • 0030474794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reacquisition following extinction in appetitive conditioning
    • Ricker S.T., Bouton M.E. Reacquisition following extinction in appetitive conditioning. Anim Learn Behav. 24:1996;423-436.
    • (1996) Anim Learn Behav , vol.24 , pp. 423-436
    • Ricker, S.T.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 86
    • 0001034402 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery in autoshaping
    • Robbins S.J. Mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery in autoshaping. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 16:1990;235-249.
    • (1990) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.16 , pp. 235-249
    • Robbins, S.J.1
  • 87
    • 0033012967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-specificity of relapse: Effects of therapist and environmental context on return of fear
    • Rodriguez B.I., Craske M.G., Mineka S., Hladek D., et al. Context-specificity of relapse Effects of therapist and environmental context on return of fear. Behav Res Ther. 37:1999;845-862.
    • (1999) Behav Res Ther , vol.37 , pp. 845-862
    • Rodriguez, B.I.1    Craske, M.G.2    Mineka, S.3    Hladek, D.4
  • 88
    • 0002037860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context change and retention interval can have additive rather than interactive effects after taste aversion extinction
    • Rosas J.M., Bouton M.E. Context change and retention interval can have additive rather than interactive effects after taste aversion extinction. Psychonomic Bull Rev. 5:1998;79-83.
    • (1998) Psychonomic Bull Rev , vol.5 , pp. 79-83
    • Rosas, J.M.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 89
    • 0035321307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effect of context change and retention interval on interference in causality judgments
    • Rosas J.M., Vila N.J., Lugo M., López L., et al. Combined effect of context change and retention interval on interference in causality judgments. J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes. 27:2001;153-164.
    • (2001) J Exper Psychol Anim Behav Processes , vol.27 , pp. 153-164
    • Rosas, J.M.1    Vila, N.J.2    Lugo, M.3    López, L.4
  • 90
    • 0031850593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an expanding-spaced vs. massed exposure schedule on fear reduction and return of fear
    • Rowe M.K., Craske M.G. Effects of an expanding-spaced vs. massed exposure schedule on fear reduction and return of fear. Behav Res Ther. 36:1998;701-717.
    • (1998) Behav Res Ther , vol.36 , pp. 701-717
    • Rowe, M.K.1    Craske, M.G.2
  • 91
    • 0035890145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consolidation of extinction learning involves transfer from NMDA-independent to NMDA-dependent memory
    • Santini E., Muller R.U., Quirk G.J., et al. Consolidation of extinction learning involves transfer from NMDA-independent to NMDA-dependent memory. J Neurosci. 21:2001;9009-9017.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 9009-9017
    • Santini, E.1    Muller, R.U.2    Quirk, G.J.3
  • 92
    • 0001044313 scopus 로고
    • Remembering in and out of context
    • Smith S.M. Remembering in and out of context. J Exper Psychol Hum Learn Mem. 5:1979;460-471.
    • (1979) J Exper Psychol Hum Learn Mem , vol.5 , pp. 460-471
    • Smith, S.M.1
  • 93
    • 0003346309 scopus 로고
    • Environmental context-dependent memory
    • G.M. Davies, & D.M. Thomson. New York: John Wiley and Sons
    • Smith S.M. Environmental context-dependent memory. Davies G.M., Thomson D.M., Memory in Context Context in Memory. 1988;13-34 John Wiley and Sons, New York.
    • (1988) Memory in Context: Context in Memory , pp. 13-34
    • Smith, S.M.1
  • 95
    • 0026751039 scopus 로고
    • Context sensitivity of conditioned suppression following preexposure to the conditioned stimulus
    • Swartzentruber D., Bouton M.E. Context sensitivity of conditioned suppression following preexposure to the conditioned stimulus. Anim Learn Behav. 20:1992;97-103.
    • (1992) Anim Learn Behav , vol.20 , pp. 97-103
    • Swartzentruber, D.1    Bouton, M.E.2
  • 96
    • 0001702605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewal of formerly conditioned fear in rats after extensive extinction training
    • Tamai N., Nakajima S. Renewal of formerly conditioned fear in rats after extensive extinction training. Int J Comp Psychol. 13:2000;137-147.
    • (2000) Int J Comp Psychol , vol.13 , pp. 137-147
    • Tamai, N.1    Nakajima, S.2
  • 97
    • 0034510321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of treatment and return of fear: Effects of massed uniform- and expanding-spaced exposure schedules
    • Tsao J.C.I., Craske M.G. Timing of treatment and return of fear Effects of massed uniform- and expanding-spaced exposure schedules. Behav Ther. 31:2000;479-497.
    • (2000) Behav Ther , vol.31 , pp. 479-497
    • Tsao, J.C.I.1    Craske, M.G.2
  • 98
    • 0002283156 scopus 로고
    • SOP: A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior
    • N.E. Spear, & R.R. Miller. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Wagner A.R. SOP A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior. Spear N.E., Miller R.R., Information Processing in Animals Memory Mechanisms. 1981;5-47 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1981) Information Processing in Animals: Memory Mechanisms , pp. 5-47
    • Wagner, A.R.1
  • 99
    • 0036159862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of amygdala glutamate receptors in fear learning fear-potentiated startle and extinction
    • Walker D.L., Davis M. The role of amygdala glutamate receptors in fear learning fear-potentiated startle and extinction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 71:2002;379-392.
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.71 , pp. 379-392
    • Walker, D.L.1    Davis, M.2
  • 100
    • 0037088911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration of intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats
    • Walker D.L., Ressler K.J., Lu K.T., Davis M., et al. Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration of intra-amygdala infusions of D-cycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats. J Neurosci. 15:2002;2343-2351.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 2343-2351
    • Walker, D.L.1    Ressler, K.J.2    Lu, K.T.3    Davis, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.