Reaction of vinyl triflates of α-keto esters with primary amines: Efficient synthesis of aziridine carboxylates

Tetrahedron

Volumn 58, Issue 42, 2002, Pages 8425-8432

  Tranchant, Marie José ^a   Dalla, Vincent ^a   Jabin, Ivan ^a   Decroix, Bernard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU HAVRE   (France)

Author keywords

keto esters; Aziridine carboxylates; Vinyl triflates

Indexed keywords

AMINE; CARBONYL DERIVATIVE; CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; ESTER DERIVATIVE; TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC ACID;

ARTICLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROXYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTON TRANSPORT; ROOM TEMPERATURE; STEREOCHEMISTRY;

EID: 0037078264     PISSN: 00404020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)01031-1     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Part of this work was presented at Journées de Chimie Organique 2001, Palaiseau.
2. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
3. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
4. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
5. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
6. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
7. For recent reviews for the preparation of aziridines and their use in asymmetric synthesis (a) Tanner D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33:1994;599-619 (b) Pearson W.H., Lian B.W., Bergmeier S.C. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;1-60 Pergamon, Oxford, (c) Rai K.M.L., Hassner A. Padwa A., Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II. Vol. 1A:1996;61-96 Pergamon, Oxford, (d) Osborn H.M.I., Sweeney J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1693-1715 (e) Ibuka I. Chem. Soc. Rev. 27:1998;145-154 (f) McCoull W., Davis F.A. Synthesis. 2000;1347-1365.
8. For intramolecular cyclization in basic medium with expulsion of the leaving group at α-position to the carboxylate, see: Tomasini C., Vecchione A. Org. Lett. 1:1999;2153-2156.
9. For intramolecular cyclization in basic medium with expulsion of the leaving group at β-position to the carboxylate, see: (a) Fernandez-Megia E., Montaos M.A., Sardina F.J. J. Org. Chem. 65:2000;6780-6783 (b) Kato Y., Fukumoto K. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;245-246.
10. For intramolecular cyclization in basic medium with expulsion of the leaving group at β-position to the carboxylate, see: (a) Fernandez-Megia E., Montaos M.A., Sardina F.J. J. Org. Chem. 65:2000;6780-6783 (b) Kato Y., Fukumoto K. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;245-246.
11. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis via ring closing of β-amino alcohols using a phosphorus-based activation, see: (a) Woydowski K., Liebscher J. Synthesis. 2000;1444-1448 (b) Legters J., Thijs L., Zwanenburg B. Tetrahedron Lett. 30:1989;4881-4884 (c) Baldwin J.E., Farthing C.N., Russell A.T., Schofield C.J., Spivey A.C. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3761-3764.
12. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis via ring closing of β-amino alcohols using a phosphorus-based activation, see: (a) Woydowski K., Liebscher J. Synthesis. 2000;1444-1448 (b) Legters J., Thijs L., Zwanenburg B. Tetrahedron Lett. 30:1989;4881-4884 (c) Baldwin J.E., Farthing C.N., Russell A.T., Schofield C.J., Spivey A.C. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3761-3764.
13. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis via ring closing of β-amino alcohols using a phosphorus-based activation, see: (a) Woydowski K., Liebscher J. Synthesis. 2000;1444-1448 (b) Legters J., Thijs L., Zwanenburg B. Tetrahedron Lett. 30:1989;4881-4884 (c) Baldwin J.E., Farthing C.N., Russell A.T., Schofield C.J., Spivey A.C. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3761-3764.
14. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by chiral sulfur ylides addition to imines, see: Aggarwal V.K., Thompson A., Jones R.V.H., Standen M.C.H. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8368-8369.
15. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
16. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
17. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
18. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
19. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
20. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
21. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
22. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
23. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
24. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
25. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
26. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
27. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
28. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
29. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
30. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
31. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
32. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
33. For aziridine carboxylates synthesis by metal-mediated ethyl diazo acetate addition to imines, see: (a) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995;1401-1402 (b) Hansen K.B., Finney N.S., Jacobsen E.N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34:1995;676-678 (c) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Org. Chem. 60:1995;7090-7091 (d) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;7069-7070 (e) Zhu Z., Espenson J.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;9901-9907 (f) Casarrubios L., Perez J.A., Brookhart M., Templeton J.L. J. Org. Chem. 61:1996;8358-8359 (g) Rasmussen K.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1997;1287-1291 (h) Mohan M.J., Uphade B.S., Choudhary V.R., Ravindranathan T., Sudalai A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1997;1429-1430 (i) Nagayama S., Kobayashi S. Chem. Lett. 1998;685 (j) Ha H.-J., Kang K.-H., Suh J.-M., Ahn Y.-G., Han O. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;851-858 (k) Mayer M.F., Hossain M.M. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;6839-6844 (l) Juhl K., Hazell R.G., Jörgensen K.A. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1999;2293-2297 (m) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:1999;5099-5100 (n) Kubo T., Sakaguchi S., Ishii Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2000;625-626 (o) Sengupta S., Mondal S. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6245-6248 (p) Aggarwal V.K., Ferrana M. Org. Lett. 2:2000;4107-4110 (q) Antilla J.C., Wulff W.D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2000;4518-4521 (r) Lee K.-D., Suh J.-M., Park J.-H., Ha H.-J., Choi H.-G., Park C.-S., Chang J.-W., Lee W.-K., Dong Y., Yun H. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;8267-8276 (s) Lontaric C., Wulff W.D. Org. Lett. 3:2001;3675-3678.
34. For relevant examples of the aza Darzens approach, see: (a) Cainelli G., Panunzio M., Giacomini D. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:1991;121-124 (b) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Rao A. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;6345-6352 (c) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhou P., Reddy G.V., Fang T., Liu H. J. Org. Chem. 64:1999;7559-7567 (d) Gennari C., Pain G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3747-3750 (e) Cantrill A.A., Hall L.D., Jarvis A.N., Osborn H.M.I., Raphy J., Sweeney J.B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996;2631-2632.
35. For relevant examples of the aza Darzens approach, see: (a) Cainelli G., Panunzio M., Giacomini D. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:1991;121-124 (b) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Rao A. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;6345-6352 (c) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhou P., Reddy G.V., Fang T., Liu H. J. Org. Chem. 64:1999;7559-7567 (d) Gennari C., Pain G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3747-3750 (e) Cantrill A.A., Hall L.D., Jarvis A.N., Osborn H.M.I., Raphy J., Sweeney J.B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996;2631-2632.
36. For relevant examples of the aza Darzens approach, see: (a) Cainelli G., Panunzio M., Giacomini D. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:1991;121-124 (b) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Rao A. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;6345-6352 (c) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhou P., Reddy G.V., Fang T., Liu H. J. Org. Chem. 64:1999;7559-7567 (d) Gennari C., Pain G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3747-3750 (e) Cantrill A.A., Hall L.D., Jarvis A.N., Osborn H.M.I., Raphy J., Sweeney J.B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996;2631-2632.
37. For relevant examples of the aza Darzens approach, see: (a) Cainelli G., Panunzio M., Giacomini D. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:1991;121-124 (b) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Rao A. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;6345-6352 (c) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhou P., Reddy G.V., Fang T., Liu H. J. Org. Chem. 64:1999;7559-7567 (d) Gennari C., Pain G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3747-3750 (e) Cantrill A.A., Hall L.D., Jarvis A.N., Osborn H.M.I., Raphy J., Sweeney J.B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996;2631-2632.
38. For relevant examples of the aza Darzens approach, see: (a) Cainelli G., Panunzio M., Giacomini D. Tetrahedron Lett. 32:1991;121-124 (b) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Rao A. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;6345-6352 (c) Davis F.A., Zhang Y., Zhou P., Reddy G.V., Fang T., Liu H. J. Org. Chem. 64:1999;7559-7567 (d) Gennari C., Pain G. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3747-3750 (e) Cantrill A.A., Hall L.D., Jarvis A.N., Osborn H.M.I., Raphy J., Sweeney J.B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996;2631-2632.
39. For a two-step process involving 1,4-additions of leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to enoates followed by Lewis acid mediated intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Bongini A., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. J. Org. Chem. 62:1997;9148-9153 (b) Casoleri S., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 35:1996;1848-1849 (c) Gianotti M., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tolomelli A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;563-569.
40. For a two-step process involving 1,4-additions of leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to enoates followed by Lewis acid mediated intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Bongini A., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. J. Org. Chem. 62:1997;9148-9153 (b) Casoleri S., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 35:1996;1848-1849 (c) Gianotti M., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tolomelli A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;563-569.
41. For a two-step process involving 1,4-additions of leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to enoates followed by Lewis acid mediated intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Bongini A., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. J. Org. Chem. 62:1997;9148-9153 (b) Casoleri S., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 35:1996;1848-1849 (c) Gianotti M., Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tolomelli A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;563-569.
42. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
43. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
44. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
45. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
46. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
47. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
48. For conjugated additions of some leaving group-containing nucleophilic nitrogen to conjugated esters followed by in-situ intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions, see: (a) Carducci M., Fioravanti S., Loreto A., Pellacani L., Tardella P.A. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3777-3778 (b) Atkinson R.S., Jones D.W., Kelly B.J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1991;1344-1345 (c) Atkinson R.S., Draycott R.D., Hirst D.J., Paratt M.J., Raynham T.M. Tetrahedron Lett. 43:2002;2083-2085. and Refs. 1, 4-6 and 11 cited therein (d) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S. Tetrahedron Lett. 37:1996;3183-3186 (e) Favio A., Loreto M.A., Tardella P.A., Tofani D. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;4515-4519 (f) Yang K.S., Chen K. J. Org. Chem. 66:2001;1676-1679 (g) Aires-de-Sousa J., Lobo A.M., Prabhakar S., Rosa A.M., Gomes M.J.S., Corvo M.C., Wiliams D.J., White A.J.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3349-3365.
49. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
50. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
51. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
52. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
53. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
54. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
55. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
56. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
57. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
58. For metal-catalyzed addition of nitrene to enoates, see: (a) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Duréault A., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984;1161-1162 (b) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. Tetrahedron Lett. 29:1988;1927-1930 (c) Mansuy D., Mahy J.P., Bédi G., Battioni P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1988;1517-1524 (d) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Org. Chem. 56:1991;6744-6746 (e) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T., Anderson B.A., Barnes D.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5328-5329 (f) Evans D., Faul M.M., Bilodeau M.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116:1994;2742-2753 (g) Li Z., Conser K.Z., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:1993;5326-5327 (h) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:1995;5889-5890 (i) Li Z., Quan R.W., Jacobsen E.N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:1996;8156-8157 (j) Shi M., Wang C.-J., Chan A.S.C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 12:2001;3105-3111.
59. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
60. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
61. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
62. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I.,
63. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
64. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
65. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
66. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
67. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
68. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
69. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
70. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
71. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
72. For sequential 1,4-addition-intramolecular nucleophilic substitutions of primary amines to α-halo enoates, see: (a) Moureu H., Chovin P., Petit L. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1955;1573-1580 (b) Nagel D.L., Woller P.B., Cromwell N.H. J. Org. Chem. 36:1971;3911-3917 (c) Wartski L., Wackselman C., Sierra Escudero A. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1972;1478-1482 (d) Gelas-Mialhe Y., Hierle R., Vessiere R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 11:1974;347-349 (e) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Heterocycles. 9:1978;473-480 (f) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1978;1171-1172 (g) Nakamura I., Harada Y. Chem. Lett. 1979;313-314 (h) Ambrosi H.D., Duczek W., Ramm M., Gründemann E., Schulz B., Jänisch K. Liebigs Ann. 1994;1013-1018 (i) Garner P., Dogan O., Pillai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 35:1994;1653-1656 (j) Cardillo G., Gentilucci L., Tomasini C., Visa Castejon-Bordas M.P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 7:1996;755-762 (k) Rulev A.Y., Maddaluno J., Plé G., Plaquevent J.C., Duhamel L. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 1998;1397-1401 (l) Filigheddu S.N., Taddei M. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;3857-3860 (m) Tittelbach F., Schneider M., Gründemann E., Jänisch K. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2000;3957-3960 (n) Garner P., Dogan O., Youngs W.J., Kennedy V.O., Protasiewicz J., Zaniewski R. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;71-85.
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76. These results are in agreement with those on related aziridination of α-triflyloxy conjugated lactones: de Saint-Fuscien C., Tarrade A., Dauban P., Dodd R.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6393-6397.
77. For a review on tandem reactions: Bunce R.A. Tetrahedron. 51:1995;13103-13159.
78. For some representative examples, see: (a) Dinsmore C.J., Zartman C.B. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6309-6312 (b) Kung P.P., Swayze E. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;5651-5654 (c) Hansen T.K., Schlienger N., Hansen B.S., Andersen P.H., Bryce M.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;3651-3654 (d) Mohamed N., Bhatt U., Just G. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;8213-8216 (e) Horwell D.C., Lewthwaite R.A., Pritchard M.C., Ratcliffe G.S., Rubin J.R. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;4591-4606.
79. For some representative examples, see: (a) Dinsmore C.J., Zartman C.B. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6309-6312 (b) Kung P.P., Swayze E. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;5651-5654 (c) Hansen T.K., Schlienger N., Hansen B.S., Andersen P.H., Bryce M.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;3651-3654 (d) Mohamed N., Bhatt U., Just G. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;8213-8216 (e) Horwell D.C., Lewthwaite R.A., Pritchard M.C., Ratcliffe G.S., Rubin J.R. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;4591-4606.
80. For some representative examples, see: (a) Dinsmore C.J., Zartman C.B. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6309-6312 (b) Kung P.P., Swayze E. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;5651-5654 (c) Hansen T.K., Schlienger N., Hansen B.S., Andersen P.H., Bryce M.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;3651-3654 (d) Mohamed N., Bhatt U., Just G. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;8213-8216 (e) Horwell D.C., Lewthwaite R.A., Pritchard M.C., Ratcliffe G.S., Rubin J.R. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;4591-4606.
81. For some representative examples, see: (a) Dinsmore C.J., Zartman C.B. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6309-6312 (b) Kung P.P., Swayze E. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;5651-5654 (c) Hansen T.K., Schlienger N., Hansen B.S., Andersen P.H., Bryce M.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;3651-3654 (d) Mohamed N., Bhatt U., Just G. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;8213-8216 (e) Horwell D.C., Lewthwaite R.A., Pritchard M.C., Ratcliffe G.S., Rubin J.R. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;4591-4606.
82. For some representative examples, see: (a) Dinsmore C.J., Zartman C.B. Tetrahedron Lett. 41:2000;6309-6312 (b) Kung P.P., Swayze E. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;5651-5654 (c) Hansen T.K., Schlienger N., Hansen B.S., Andersen P.H., Bryce M.R. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;3651-3654 (d) Mohamed N., Bhatt U., Just G. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;8213-8216 (e) Horwell D.C., Lewthwaite R.A., Pritchard M.C., Ratcliffe G.S., Rubin J.R. Tetrahedron. 54:1998;4591-4606.
83. For thermal reactivity of aziridines carboxylates, see Ref. 12n.
84. See Refs. 12i,l.
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89. Davoli P., Forni A., Moreti I., Prati F., Torre G. Tetrahedron. 57:2001;1801-1812.
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