Antiepileptic drug withdrawal: Literature review

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

Volumn 77, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 1378-1388

  Britton, Jeffrey W ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; PHENOBARBITAL;

BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BODY WEIGHT DISORDER; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE CONTROL; DRUG COST; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTIC STATE; FATIGUE; FETUS DISTRESS; GINGIVA HYPERPLASIA; HEALTH CARE COST; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; MEMORY DISORDER; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; ONSET AGE; PATIENT COUNSELING; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENCE RISK; RELAPSE; REMISSION; RISK FACTOR; SYNDROME; TERATOGENICITY; VERTIGO;

EID: 0036896337     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4065/77.12.1378     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

1. Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Rocca WA. Descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy: Contributions of population-based studies from Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:576-586.
2. Sillanpaa M, Jalava M, Kaleva O, Shinnar S. Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1715-1722.
3. Cockerell OC, Johnson AL, Sander JW, Shorvon SD. Prognosis of epilepsy: A review and further analysis of the first nine years of the British National General Practice Study of Epilepsy, a prospective population-based study. Epilepsia. 1997;38:31-46.
4. Lhatoo SD, Sander JW. Stopping drug therapy in epilepsy. Curr Pharm Des. 2000;6:861-863.
5. Altunbasak S, Artar O, Burgut R, Yildiztas D. Relapse risk analysis after drug withdrawal in epileptic children with uncomplicated seizures. Seizure. 1999;8:384-389.
6. Gebremariam A, Mengesha W, Enqusilassie F. Discontinuing antiepileptic medication(s) in epileptic children: 18 Versus 24 months. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999;19:93-99.
7. Caviedes BE, Herranz JL. Seizure recurrence and risk factors after withdrawal of chronic antiepileptic therapy in children. Seizure. 1998;7:107-114.
8. Peters AC, Brouwer OF, Geerts AT, Arts WF, Stroink H, van Donselaar CA. Randomized prospective study of early discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1998;50:724-730.
9. Braathen G, Melander H. Early discontinuation of treatment in children with uncomplicated epilepsy: A prospective study with a model for prediction of outcome. Epilepsia. 1997;38:561-569.
10. Dooley J, Gordon K, Camfield P, Camfield C, Smith E. Discontinuation of anticonvulsant therapy in children free of seizures for 1 year: A prospective study. Neurology. 1996;46:969-974.
11. Tinuper P, Avoni P, Riva R, Provini F, Lugaresi E, Baruzzi A. The prognostic value of the electroencephalogram in antiepileptic drug withdrawal in partial epilepsies. Neurology. 1996;47:76-78.
12. Donati F, Hassink RI, Jung H, Vassella F. Factors predicting the risk of relapse after antiepileptic drug discontinuation in children with partial seizures. Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154(9, suppl 4):S44-S47.
13. Matricardi A, Bertamino F, Risso D. Discontinuation of anti-epileptic therapy: A retrospective study of 86 children and adolescents. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1995;16:613-622.
14. Murakami M, Konishi T, Naganuma Y, Hongou K, Yamatani M. Withdrawal of antiepileptic drug treatment in childhood epilepsy: Factors related to age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;59:477-481.
15. Nakazawa Y, Ishida S, Maeda H, Sakurai S, Motooka H. Prognosis of epilepsy withdrawn from antiepileptic drugs. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;49:163-168.
16. Shinnar S, Berg AT, Moshe SL, et al. Discontinuing antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A prospective study. Ann Neurol. 1994;35:534-545.
17. Tennison M, Greenwood R, Lewis D, Thorn M. Discontinuing anti-epileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A comparison of a six-week and a nine-month taper period. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1407-1410.
18. Gherpelli JL, Kok F, dal Forno S, Elkis LC, Lefevre BH, Diament AJ. Discontinuing medication in epileptic children: A study of risk factors related to recurrence. Epilepsia. 1992;33:681-686.
19. Mastropaolo C, Tondi M, Carboni F, Manca S, Zoroddu F. Prognosis after therapy discontinuation in children with epilepsy. Eur Neurol. 1992;32:141-145.
20. Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. Randomised study of antiepileptic drug withdrawal in patients in remission. Lancet. 1991;337:1175-1180.
21. Ehrhardt P, Forsythe WI. Prognosis after grand mal seizures: A study of 187 children with three-year remissions. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1989;31:633-639.
22. Gerstle de Pasquet E, Bonnevaux de Toma S, Scaramelli A, Alcantura JC, Pérez Campos H, Labuonara D. Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after remission of seizures and risk of relapse: A prospective study. Adv Epileptol. 1989;17:323-326.
23. Matricardi M, Brinciotti M, Benedetti P. Outcome after discontinuation of antiepileptic drug therapy in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1989;30:582-589.
24. Arts WF, Visser LH, Loonen MC, et al. Follow-up of 146 children with epilepsy after withdrawal of antiepileptic therapy. Epilepsia. 1988;29:244-250.
25. Brod SA, Ment LR, Ehrenkranz RA, Bridgers S. Predictors of success for drug discontinuation following neonatal seizures. Pediatr Neurol. 1988;4:13-17.
26. Callaghan N, Garrett A, Goggin T. Withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs in patients free of seizures for two years: A prospective study [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 1988;319:188]. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:942-946.
27. Bouma PA, Peters AC, Arts RJ, Stijnen T, Van Rossum J. Discontinuation of antiepileptic therapy: A prospective study in children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50:1579-1583.
28. Overweg J, Binnie CD, Oosting J, Rowan AJ. Clinical and EEG prediction of seizure recurrence following antiepileptic drug withdrawal. Epilepsy Res. 1987;1:272-283.
29. Pestre M, Loiseau P, Dartigues JF, Larrieu E, Cohadon S. Discontinuation of treatment in epileptic seizures in adolescence [in French]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1987;143:40-46.
30. Todt H. The late prognosis of epilepsy in childhood: Results of a prospective follow-up study. Epilepsia. 1984;25:137-144.
31. Thurston JH, Thurston DL, Hixon BB, Keller AJ. Prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Additional follow-up of 148 children 15 to 23 years after withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:831-836.
32. Emerson R, D'Souza BJ, Vining EP, Holden KR, Mellits ED, Freeman JM. Stopping medication in children with epilepsy: Predictors of outcome. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:1125-1129.
33. Juul-Jensen P. Frequency of recurrence after discontinuance of anticonvulsant therapy in patients.with epileptic seizures: A new follow-up study after 5 years. Epilepsia. 1968;9:11-16.
34. Collaborative Group for Epidemiology of Epilepsy. Adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs: A multicenter survey of clinical practice. Epilepsia. 1986;27:323-330.
35. Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Hutton JL, Chadwick DW. The new antiepileptic drugs: A systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability. Epilepsia. 1997;38:859-880.
36. American Academy of Pediatrics. Behavioral and cognitive effects of anticonvulsant therapy. Pediatrics. 1985;76:644-647.
37. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Neuropsychological effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Lancet. 2001;357:216-222.
38. Tuunainen A, Hurskainen H, Nousiainen U, Pilke A, Riekkinen P. Short-term withdrawal of antiepileptic medication: Effects on attention and memory. Acta Neurol Scand. 1995;92:198-205.
39. Tonnby B, Nilsson HL, Aldenkamp AP, et al. Withdrawal of antiepileptic medication in children: Correlation of cognitive function and plasma concentration - The multicentre 'Holmfrid' study. Epilepsy Res. 1994;19:141-152.
40. Chen Y, Chi Chow J, Lee I. Comparison of the cognitive effect of anti-epileptic drugs in seizure-free children with epilepsy before and after drug withdrawal. Epilepsy Res. 2001;44:65-70.
41. Baker GA, Marson AG. Cognitive and behavioural assessments in clinical trials: What type of measure? Epilepsy Res. 2001;45:163-167.
42. Riva D, Devoti M. Discontinuation of phenobarbital in children: Effects on neurocognitive behavior. Pediatr Neurol. 1996;14:36-40.
43. Gallassi R, Morreale A, Di Sarro R, Marra M, Lugaresi E, Baruzzi A. Cognitive effects of antiepileptic drug discontinuation. Epilepsia. 1992;33(suppl 6):S41-S44.
44. May TW, Bulmahn A, Wohlhuter M, Rambeck B. Effects of withdrawal of phenytoin on cognitive and psychomotor functions in hospitalized epileptic patients on polytherapy. Acta Neurol Scand. 1992;86:165-170.
45. Aldenkamp AP, Alpherts WC, Blennow G, et al. Withdrawal of antiepileptic medication in children - Effects on cognitive function: The Multicenter Holmfrid Study. Neurology. 1993;43:41-50.
46. Aldenkamp AP, Alpherts WC, Sandstedt P, et al. Antiepileptic drug-related cognitive complaints in seizure-free children with epilepsy before and after drug discontinuation. Epilepsia. 1998;39: 1070-1074.
47. Morrell MJ. Guidelines for the care of women with epilepsy. Neurology. 1998;51(5, suppl 4):S21-S27.
48. Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA, et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1132-1138.
49. Teramo K, Hiilesmaa V, Bardy A, Saarikoski S. Fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. J Perinat Med. 1979; 7:3-6.
50. Shinnar S, Berg AT. Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995;8:103-106.
51. O'Dell C, Shinnar S. Initiation and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. Neurol Clin. 2001;19:289-311.
52. Chadwick D. Drug withdrawal and epilepsy: When and how? Drugs. 1988;35:579-583.
53. Begley CE, Annegers JF, Lairson DR, Reynolds TF. Estimating the cost of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1999;40(suppl 8):8-13.
54. Fischbacher E. Effect of reduction of anticonvulsants on wellbeing. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285:423-424.
55. Theodore WH, Porter RJ. Removal of sedative-hypnotic antiepileptic drugs from the regimens of patients with intractable epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 1983;13:320-324.
56. Gordon K, MacSween J, Dooley J, Camfield C, Camfield P, Smith B. Families are content to discontinue antiepileptic drugs at different risks than their physicians. Epilepsia. 1996;37:557-562.
57. Jacoby A, Johnson A, Chadwick D, Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. Psychosocial outcomes of antiepileptic drug discontinuation. Epilepsia. 1992;33: 1123-1131.
58. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia. 1989;30:389-399.
59. Berg AT, Shinnar S. Relapse following discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs: A meta-analysis. Neurology. 1994;44:601-608.
60. Van Paesschen W, Duncan JS, Stevens JM, Connelly A. Etiology and early prognosis of newly diagnosed partial seizures in adults: A quantitative hippocampal MRI study. Neurology. 1997;49:753-757.
61. Stephen LJ, Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Does the cause of localisation-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment? Epilepsia. 2001;42:357-362.
62. Oller-Daurella L, Oller L. Suppression of antiepileptic treatment. Eur Neurol. 1987;27:106-113.
63. Uesugi H, Kojima T, Miyasaka M, et al. Discontinuation of antiepileptic drug treatment in controlled seizure patients. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;48:255-258.
64. Verrotti A, Morresi S, Cutarella R, Morgese G, Chiarelli F. Predictive value of EEG monitoring during drug withdrawal in children with cryptogenic partial epilepsy. Neurophysiol Clin. 2000;30:240-245.
65. Duncan JS, Smith SJ, Forster A, Shorvon SD, Trimble MR. Effects of the removal of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate on the electroencephalogram. Epilepsia. 1989;30:590-596.
66. Galimberti CA, Manni R, Parietti L, Marchioni E, Tartara A. Drug withdrawal in patients with epilepsy: Prognostic value of the EEG. Seizure. 1993;2:213-220.
67. Delgado-Escueta AV, Enrile-Bacsal F. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz. Neurology. 1984;34:285-294.
68. Mosewich RK, So EL. A clinical approach to the classification of seizures and epileptic syndromes. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:405-414.
69. Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM, Shinnar S. Classification of childhood epilepsy syndromes in newly diagnosed epilepsy: Interrater agreement and reasons for disagreement. Epilepsia. 1999;40:439-444.
70. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:314-319.
71. Osservatorio Regionale per L'Epilessia (OREp), Lombardy. ILAE classification of epilepsies: Its applicability and practical value of different diagnostic categories. Epilepsia. 1996;37:1051-1059.
72. Lerman P. Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Vol 3. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998:2307-2314.
73. Panayiotopoulos CP. Absence epilepsies. In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Vol 3. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998:2327-2346.
74. Plouin P. Benign familial neonatal convulsions and benign idiopathic neonatal convulsions. In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Vol 3. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998:2247-2255.
75. Jallon P, Loiseau P, Loiseau J, Coordination Active du Réseau Observatoire Longitudinal de l'Epilepsie Groupe. Newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures: Presentation at diagnosis in CAROLE study. Epilepsia. 2001;42:464-475.
76. Loiseau P, Pestre M, Dartigues JF, Commenges D, BarbergerGateau C, Cohadon S. Long-term prognosis in two forms of childhood epilepsy: Typical absence seizures and epilepsy with rolandic (centrotemporal) EEG foci. Ann Neurol. 1983;13:642-648.
77. Loiseau P, Duche B, Loiseau J. Classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes in two different samples of patients. Epilepsia. 1991;32:303-309.
78. Wolf P, Goosses R. Relation of photosensitivity to epileptic syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49:1386-1391.
79. Bouma PA, Westendorp RG, van Dijk JG, Peters AC, Brouwer OF. The outcome of absence epilepsy: A meta-analysis. Neurology. 1996;47:802-808.
80. Delgado MR, Riela AR, Mills J, Pitt A, Browne R. Discontinuation of antiepileptic drug treatment after two seizure-free years in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 1996;97:192-197.
81. Kimura M, Yoshino K, Suzuki N. Seizure recurrence after reduction of an antiepileptic drug in patients with unprovoked seizures and severe neurological abnormalities. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54:41-44.
82. Sirven JI, Sperling M, Wingerchuk DM. Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002:issue 3.
83. Andersson T, Braathen G, Persson A, Theorell K. A comparison between one and three years of treatment in uncomplicated childhood epilepsy: A prospective study, II: The EEG as predictor of outcome after withdrawal of treatment. Epilepsia. 1997;38:225-232.
84. Salinsky M, Kanter R, Dasheiff RM. Effectiveness of multiple EEGs in supporting the diagnosis of epilepsy: An operational curve. Epilepsia. 1987;28:331-334.
85. Marsan CA, Zivin LS. Factors related to the occurrence of typical paroxysmal abnormalities in the EEG records of epileptic patients. Epilepsia. 1970;11:361-381.
86. DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR, et al. A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology. 1996;46:1029-1035.
87. Chadwick D, Taylor J, Johnson T, MRC Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Group. Outcomes after seizure recurrence in people with well-controlled epilepsy and the factors that influence it. Epilepsia. 1996;37:1043-1050.
88. Taylor J, Chadwick D, Johnson T. Risk of accidents in drivers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60:621-627.
89. So NK. Recurrence, remission, and relapse of seizures. Cleve Clin J Med. 1993;60:439-444.
90. Schmidt D, Gram L. A practical guide to when (and how) to withdraw antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients. Drugs. 1996; 52:870-874.
91. Overweg J. Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in seizurefree patients, risk factors for relapse with special attention for the EEG. Seizure. 1995;4:19-36.
92. Buna DK. Antiepileptic drug withdrawal - A good idea? Pharmacotherapy. 1998;18:235-241.
93. Practice parameter: a guideline for discontinuing antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients - Summary statement: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 1996;47:600-602.
94. Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. Prognostic index for recurrence of seizures after remission of epilepsy. BMJ. 1993;306:1374-1378.
95. Chadwick D. Does withdrawal of different antiepileptic drugs have different effects on seizure recurrence? Further results from the MRC Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study. Brain. 1999;122(pt 3):441-448.
96. Goeckner BJ, Rosenfeld WE, Weber SL. Evaluation of seizure control after phenobarbital withdrawal in a mentally retarded/developmentally disabled population. J Epilepsy. 1995;8:93-98.
97. Coulter DL. Withdrawal of barbiturate anticonvulsant drugs: Prospective controlled study. Am J Ment Retard. 1988;93:320-327.
98. Ficker DM. Sudden unexplained death and injury in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2000;41(suppl 2):S7-S12.