Transcription of bone and cartilage genes

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 375-381

  Sandell, Linda J ^a   Towler, Dwight A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH FACTOR; REGULATOR PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

BONE DEVELOPMENT; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHONDROGENESIS; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; OSTEOBLAST; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0036787335     PISSN: 10419918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001433-200210000-00008     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Jacenko O, Tuan RS: Chondrogenic potential of chick embryonic calvaria: I. Low calcium permits cartilage differentiation. Dev Dyn 1995, 202:13-26.
2. Xie WF, Kondo S, Sandell LJ: Regulation of the mouse cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein gene by the transcription factor AP-2. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:5026-32.
3. Xie WF, Zhang X, Sakano S, et al.: Trans-activation of the mouse cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein gene by Sox9. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14:757-63.
4. th ORS Mtg 2002, 27:11.
5. Xie W-F, Zhang X, Sandell LJ: The 2.2 kb promoter of cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein controls gene expression in cartilage and embryonic mammary buds of transgenic mice. Matrix Biol 2000, 19:501-509.
6. Zhou G, Lefebvre V, Zhang Z, et al.: Three high mobility group-like sequences within a 48-base pair enhancer of the Col2a 1 gene are required for cartilage-specific expression in vivo. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:149:89-97.
7. Lui Y, Li H, Tanaka K, et al.: Identification of an enhancer sequence within the first intron required for cartilage-specific transcription of the alpha2(XI) collagen gene. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:12712-12718.
8. Wagner T, Wirth J, Meyer J, et al.: Autosomal sex reversal and campomelic dsysplasia are caused by mutations in and around the SRY-related gene SOX9. Cell 1994, 79:1111-20.
9. Lefebvre V, Li P, de Crombrugghe B: A new long form of Sox5 (L-Sox5), Sox6 and Sox9 are co-expressed in chondrogenesis and cooperatively activate the type II collagen gene. EMBO J 1998 17:5718-5733.
10. Bell DM, Leung KK, Wheatley SC, et al.: SOX9 directly regulates the type-II collagen gene [see comments]. Nat Genet 1997, 16:174-178.
11. Bi W, Deng JM, Zhang Z, et al.: Sox9 is required for cartilage formation. Nat Genet 1999, 22:85-9.
12. Smits P, Li P, Mandel J, Zhang Z, et al.: The transcription factors L-Sox5 and Sox6 are essential for cartilage formation. Dev Cell 2001, 1:277-90
13. Okazaki K, Li J, Yu H, et al.: CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins beta and delta mediate the repression of gene transcription of cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein induced by interleukin-1beta. J Biol Chem 2002 (in press).
14. Tanaka K, Matsumoto Y, Nakatani F, et al.: A zinc finger transcription factor, alphaA-crystallin binding protein 1, is a negative regulator of the chondrocyte-specific enhancer of the alpha1(II) collagen gene. Mol Cell Biol 2000, 20:4428-4435.
15. Gutierrez S, Javed A, Tennant DK, et al.: CCAAT/enhanceer-binding proteins (C/EBP) beta and delta activate osteocalcin gene transcription and synergize with Runx2 at the C/EBP element to regulate bone-specific expression. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:1316-1323.
16. Alliston T, Choy L, Ducy P, et al.: TGF-beta-induced repression of CBFA1 by Smad3 decreases cbfa1 and osteocalcin expression and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. EMBO J 2001, 20:2254-2272.
17. Davies SR, Sakano S, Zhu Y, et al.: Distribution of the transcription factors Sox9, AP-2, and deltaEF1 in adult murine articular and meniscal cartilage and growth plate. J Histochem Cytochem 2002, 50:1059-1065.
18. Tomasek JJ, Gabbiani G, Hinz B, et al.: Myofibroblasts and mechanoregulation of connective tissue remodeling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002, 3:349-363.
19. Ducy P, Schinke T, Karsenty G: The osteoblast: a sophisticated fibroblast under central surveillance. Science 2000, 289:1501-1504.
20. Doherty MJ, Ashton BA, Walsh S, et al.: Vascular pericytes express osteogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 1998, 13:828-838.
21. Blazsek I, Chagraoui J, Peault B: Ontogenic emergence of the hematon, a morphogenetic stromal unit that supports multipotential hematopoietic progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Blood 2000, 96:3763-3771.
22. Satokata I, Ma L, Oshima H, et al.: Msx2 deficiency in mice causes pleiotropic defects in bone growth and ectodermal organ formation. Nat Genet 2000, 24:391-395.
23. Komori T, Yagi H, Nomura S, et al.: Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell 1997, 89:755-764.
24. Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, et al.: The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell 2002, 108:17-29.
25. Sirard C, Kim S, Mirtsos C, et al.: Targeted disruption in murine cells reveals variable requirement for Smad4 in transforming growth factor beta-related signaling. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:2063-2070.
26. Banerjee C, Javed A, Choi JY, et al.: Differential regulation of the two principal Runx2/Cbfa1 n-terminal isoforms in response to bone morphogenetic protein-2 during development of the osteoblast phenotype. Endocrinology 2001, 142:4026-4039.
27. Boyden LM, Mao J, Belsky J, et al.: High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:1513-1521.
28. Kato M, Patel MS, Levasseur R, et al.: Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor. J Cell Biol 2002, 157:303-314.
29. Little RD, Carulli JP, Del Maestro RG, et al.: A mutation in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high-bone-mass trait. Am J Hum Genet 2002, 70:11-19.
30. Gong Y, Slee RB, Fukai N, et al.: LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell 2001, 107:513-523.
31. Ignelzi MA, Liu YH, Maxson RE, et al.: Genetically engineered mice: tools to understand craniofacial development. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995, 6:181-201.
32. Bidder M, Latifi T, Towler DA: Reciprocal temporospatial patterns of Msx2 and Osteocalcin gene expression during murine odontogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 1998, 13:609-619.
33. Wuyts W, Reardon W, Preis S, et al.: Identification of mutations in the MSX2 homeobox gene in families affected with foramina parietalia permagna. Hum Mol Genet 2000, 9:1251-1255.
34. Jabs EW, Muller U, Li X, et al.: A mutation in the homeodomain of the human MSX2 gene in a family affected with autosomal dominant craniosynostosis. Cell 1993, 75:443-450.
35. Satokata I, Maas R: Msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and tooth development. Nat Genet 1994, 6:348-356.
36. Newberry EP, Latifi T, Battaile JT, et al.: Structure-function analysis of Msx2-mediated transcriptional suppression. Biochemistry 1997, 36:10451-10462.
37. Newberry EP, Boudreaux JM, Towler DA: Stimulus-selective inhibition of rat osteocalcin promoter induction and protein-DNA interactions by the homeodomain repressor Msx2. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:29607-29613.
38. Newberry EP, Tatifi T, Towler DA: Reciprocal regulation of osteocalcin transcription by the homeodomain proteins Msx2 and Dlx5. Biochemistry 1998, 37:16360-16368.
39. Newberry EP, Latifi T, Towler DA: The RRM domain of MINT, a novel Msx2 binding protein, recognizes and regulates the rat osteocalcin promoter. Biochemistry 1999, 38:10678-10690.
40. Hu G, Lee H, Price SM: Msx homeobox genes inhibit differentiation through upregulation of cyclin D1. Development 2001, 128:2373-2384.
41. Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, et al.: Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell 1997, 89:747-754.
42. Harada H, Tagashira S, Fujiwara M, et al.: Cbfa1 isoforms exert functional differences in osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:6972-6878.
43. Kern B, Shen J, Starbuck M, et al.: Cbfa1 contributes to the osteoblast-specific expression of type I collagen genes. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:7101-7107.
44. Hess J, Porte D, Munz C, et al.: AP-1 and Cbfa/runt physically interact and regulate parathyroid hormone-dependent MMP13 expression in osteoblasts through a new osteoblast-specific element 2/AP-1 composite element. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:20029-20038.
45. Javed A, Barnes GL, Jasanya BO, et al.: Runt homology domain transcription factors (Runx, Cbfa, and AML) mediate repression of the bone sialoprotein promoter: evidence for promoter context-dependent activity of Cbfa proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2001, 21:2891-2905.
46. Zaidi SK, Javed A, Choi JY, et al.: A specific targeting signal directs Runx2/Cbfa1 to subnuclear domains and contributes to transactivation of the osteocalcin gene. J Cell Sci 2001, 114:3093-3102.
47. Thirunavukkarasu K, Mahajan M, McLarren KW, et al.: Two domains unique to osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osf2/Cbfa1 contribute to its transactivation function and its inability to heterodimerize with Cbfbeta. Mol Cell Biol 1998, 18:4197-4208.
48. Ito Y, Zhang YW: A RUNX2/PEBP2alphaA/CBFA1 mutation in cleidocranial dysplasia revealing the link between the gene and Smad. J Bone Miner Metab 2001, 19:188-194.
49. Zhang YW, Yasui N, Ito K, et al.: A RUNX2/PEBP2alpha A/CBFA1 mutation displaying impaired transactivation and Smad interaction in cleidocranial dysplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:10549-10554.
50. Lee KS, Kim HJ, Li QL et al.: Runx2 is a common target of transforming growth factor beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2, and cooperation between Runx2 and Smad5 induces osteoblast-specific gene expression in the pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12. Mol Cell Biol 2000, 20:8783-8792.
51. Kawai S, Faucheu C, Gallea S, et al.: Mouse smad8 phosphorylation down-stream of BMP receptors ALK-2, ALK-3, and ALK-6 induces its association with Smad4 and transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000, 271:682-687.
52. Nishimura R, Kato, Y, Chen D, et al.: Smad5 and DPC4 are key molecules in mediating BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation of the pluripotent mesenchcymal precursor cell line C2C12. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:1872-1879.
53. Ziros PG, Rojas Gil AP, Georgakopoulos T, et al.: The bone-specific transcriptional regulator Cbfa1 is a target of mechanical signals in osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 2002, 17:17.
54. Xiao G, Jiang D, Thomas P, et al.: MAPK pathways activate and phosphorylate the osteoblast-specific transcription factor, Cfba1. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:4453-4459.
55. Liu W, Toyosawa S, Furuichi T, et al.: Overexpression of Cbfa1 in osteoblasts inhibits osteoblast maturation and causes osteopenia with multiple fractures. J Cell Biol 2001, 155:157-166.
56. Harbour JW, Dean DC: The Rb/E2F pathway: expanding roles and emerging paradigms. Genes Dev 2000, 14:2393-2409.
57. Thomas DM, Carty SA, Piscopo DM, et al.: The retinoblastoma protein acts as a transcriptional co-activator required for osteogenic differentiation. Mol Cell 2001, 8:303-316.
58. Eastman Q, Grosschedl R: Regulation of Lef-1/TCF transcription factors by Wnt and other signals. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999, 11:233-240.
59. Pandur P, Kuhl M: An arrow for wingless to take-off. Bioessays 2001, 23:207-210.
60. Boras K, Hamel PA: Alx4 binding to LEF-1 regulates N-CAM promoter activity. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:1120-1127.
61. Mavrogiannis LA, Antonopoulou I, Baxova A, et al.: Haploinsufficiency of the human homeobox gene ALX4 causes skull ossification defects. Nat Genet 2001, 27:17-18.
62. Qu S, Tucker SC, Zhao Q, et al.: Physical and genetic interactions between Alx4 and Cart1. Development 1999, 126:359-369.
63. Sasaki A, Masuda Y, Iwai K, et al.: A RING finger protein Praja 1 regulates Dlx5-dependent transcription through its ubiquitin ligase activity for the Dlx/Msx-interacting MAGE/Necdin family protein, Dlxin-1. J Biol Chem 2002, 16:16.
64. Benson MD, Bargeon JL, Xiao G, et al.: Identification of a homeodomain binding element in the bone sialoprotein gene promoter that is required for its osteoblast-selective expression. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:13907-13917.
65. Miyama K, Yamada G, Yamamoto TS, et al.: A BMP-inducible gene, dlx5, regulates osteoblast differentiation and mesoderm induction. Dev Biol 1999, 208:123-133.
66. Ryoo HM, Hoffman HM, Beumer T, et al.: Stage-specific expression of Dlx-5 during osteoblast differentiation: involvement in regulation of osteocalcin gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 1997, 11:1681-1694.
67. Lettice LA, Purdie LA, Carlson GJ, et al.: The mouse bagpipe gene controls development of axial skeleton, skull, and spleen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:9695-9700.
68. Jochum W, David JP, Elliott C, et al.: Increased bone formation and osteosclerosis in mice overexpressing the transcription factor Fra-1. Nat Med 2000, 6:980-984.
69. Sabatakos G, Sims NA, Chen J, et al.: Overexpression of DeltaFosB transcription factor(s) increases bone formation and inhibits adipogenesis. Nat Med 2000, 6:985-990.