Vascular and cardiac benefits of angiotensin receptor blockers

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 113, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 409-418

  Schiffrin, Ernesto L ^a  

^a CLIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATENOLOL; CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; IRBESARTAN; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; PERINDOPRIL; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN; VALSARTAN;

APOPTOSIS; ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD CLOTTING; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CELL GROWTH; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; ENDOTHELIUM LESION; FIBROSIS; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; KIDNEY DISEASE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE; VASOCONSTRICTION;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASES; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN;

EID: 0036773028     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01241-X     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Waeber B. Achieving blood pressure targets in the management of hypertension. Blood Press. 10:(suppl 2):2001;6-12.
2. Siragy H.M. AT(1) and AT(2) receptors in the kidney role in disease and treatment . Am J Kidney Dis. 36:(suppl 1):2000;S4-S9.
3. Horiuchi M., Akishita M., Dzau V.J. Recent progress in angiotensin II type 2 receptor research in the cardiovascular system. Hypertension. 33:1999;613-621.
4. Dzau V.J. Tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease. A unifying hypothesis. Hypertension. 37:2001;1047-1052.
5. Urata H., Healy B., Stewart R.W., et al. Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing hearts. Circ Res. 66:1990;883-890.
6. Urata H., Kinoshita A., Misono K.S., et al. Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human heart. J Biol Chem. 265:1990;22348-22357.
7. Urata H., Strobel F., Ganten D. Widespread tissue distribution of human chymase. J Hypertens. 12:(suppl 9):1994;S17-S22.
8. Guo C., Ju H., Leung D., et al. A novel vascular smooth muscle chymase is upregulated in hypertensive rats. J Clin Invest. 107:2001;703-715.
9. Ju H., Gros R., You X., et al. Conditional and targeted overexpression of vascular chymase causes hypertension in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;7469-7474.
10. Voors A.A., Pinto Y.M., Buikema H., et al. Dual pathway for angiotensin II formation in human internal mammary arteries. Br J Pharmacol. 125:1998;1028-1032.
11. Richard V., Hurel-Merle S., Scalbert E., et al. Functional evidence for a role of vascular chymase in the production of angiotensin II in isolated human arteries. Circulation. 104:2001;750-752.
12. Petrie M.C., Padmanabhan N., McDonald J.E., et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and non-ACE dependent angiotensin II generation in resistance arteries from patients with heart failure and coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 37:2001;1056-1061.
13. Tabibiazar R., Jamali A.H., Rockson S.G. Formulating clinical strategies for angiotensin antagonism a review of preclinical and clinical studies . Am J Med. 110:2001;471-480.
14. Kokkonen J.O., Saarinen J., Kovanen P.T. Regulation of local angiotensin II formation in the human heart in the presence of interstitial fluid. Inhibition of chymase by protease inhibitors of interstitial fluid and of angiotensin-converting enzyme by Ang-(1-9) formed by heart carboxypeptidase A-like activity. Circulation. 95:1997;1455-1463.
15. Nishimoto M., Takai S., Kim S., et al. Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin-II forming pathway in the development of vascular proliferation. Circulation. 104:2001;1274-1279.
16. 12] angiotensin I in human dorsal hand veins in vivo demonstration of non-ACE production of angiotensin II in humans . Circulation. 104:2001;1805-1808.
17. Touyz R.M., Schiffrin E.L. Signal transduction mechanisms mediating the physiological and pathophysiological actions of angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Rev. 52:2000;639-672.
18. Dzau V.J., Re R. Tissue angiotensin system in cardiovascular medicine. A paradigm shift? Circulation. 89:1994;493-498.
19. Brown N.J., Vaughn D.E. Prothrombotic effects of angiotensin. Adv Intern Med. 45:2000;419-429.
20. Griendling K.K., Ushio-Fukai M. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of angiotensin II signaling. Regul Pept. 91:2000;21-27.
21. 2 in angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 32:1998;488-495.
22. Rajagopalan S., Kurz S., Münzel T., et al. Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone. J Clin Invest. 97:1996;1916-1923.
23. Libby P. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 104:2001;365-372.
24. Burnier M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation. 103:2001;904-912.
25. Siragy H.M., Carey R.M. Angiotensin type 2 receptors: potential importance in the regulation of blood pressure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 10:2001;99-103.
26. Weiss D., Kools J.J., Taylor W.R. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Circulation. 103:2001;448-454.
27. Wu L., Iwai M., Nakagami H., et al. Roles of angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation associated with selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with valsartan in the improvement of inflammation-induced vascular injury. Circulation. 104:2001;2716-2721.
28. Chobanian A.V. Can antihypertensive drugs reduce atherosclerosis and its clinical complications? Am J Hypertens. 7:(suppl):1994;119S-125S.
29. Hornig B., Landmesser U., Kohler C., et al. Comparative effect of ACE inhibition and angiotensin II type I receptor antagonism on bioavailability of nitric oxide in patients with coronary artery disease role of superoxide dismutase . Circulation. 103:2001;799-805.
30. 2 receptor in blood pressure regulation and therapeutic implications. Am J Hypertens. 14:(pt 2):2001;98S-102S.
31. 2 receptor subtypes in vascular trophic and phenotypic changes in response to stimulation with angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 17:1997;257-264.
32. Yamada T., Horiuchi M., Dzau V.J. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;156-160.
33. Schiffrin E.L. Reactivity of small blood vessels in hypertension relation with structural changes. State of the art lecture . Hypertension. 19:(suppl II):1992;II-1-II-9.
34. Heagerty A.M., Aalkjaer C., Bund S.J., et al. Small artery structure in hypertension dual processes of remodeling and growth . Hypertension. 21:1993;391-397.
35. Park J.B., Schiffrin E.L. Small artery remodeling is the most prevalent (earliest?) form of target organ damage in mild essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 19:2001;921-930.
36. Mulvany M.J., Aalkjaer C. Structure and function of small arteries. Physiol Rev. 70:1990;921-971.
37. Mulvany M.J., Baumbach G.L., Aalkjaer C., et al. Vascular remodeling. Hypertension. 28:1996;505-506.
38. Korsgaard N., Aalkjaer C., Heagerty A.M., et al. Histology of subcutaneous small arteries from patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 22:1993;523-526.
39. Schiffrin E.L., Deng L.-Y., Larochelle P. Morphology of resistance arteries and comparison of effects of vasoconstrictors in mild essential hypertensive patients. Clin Invest Med. 16:1993;177-186.
40. Rizzoni D., Porteri E., Guefi D., et al. Cellular hypertrophy in subcutaneous small arteries of patients with renovascular hypertension. Hypertension. 35:2000;931-935.
41. Intengan H.D., Schiffrin E.L. Structure and mechanical properties of resistance arteries in hypertension role of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix determinants . Hypertension. 36:2000;312-318.
42. Intengan H.D., Thibault G., Li J.-S., Schiffrin E.L. Resistance artery mechanics, structure, and extracellular components in spontaneously hypertensive rats effects of angiotensin receptor antagonism and converting enzyme inhibition . Circulation. 100:1999;2267-2275.
43. Sharifi A.M., Li J.-S., Endemann D., Schiffrin E.L. Effects of enalapril and amlodipine on small-artery structure and composition, and on endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 16:1998;457-466.
44. Intengan H.D., Deng L.Y., Li J.-S., Schiffrin E.L. Mechanics and composition of human subcutaneous resistance arteries in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 33:(pt 2):1999;366-372.
45. Meuwissen M., Chamuleau S.A.J., Siebes M., et al. Role of variability in microvascular resistance on fractional flow reserve and coronary blood flow velocity reserve in intermediate coronary lesions. Circulation. 103:2001;184-187.
46. Schachinger V., Britten M.B., Zeiher A.M. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 101:2000;1899-1906.
47. Schiffrin E.L. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on vascular remodeling do they predict outcome in response to antihypertensive therapy? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 10:2001;617-624.
48. Deng L.Y., Schiffrin E.L. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on response to endothelin of resistance arteries of hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 21:1993;725-731.
49. Thybo N.K., Korsgaard N., Eriksen S., et al. Dose-dependent effects of perindopril on blood pressure and small-artery structure. Hypertension. 23:1994;659-666.
50. Rizzoni D., Castellano M., Porteri E., et al. Effects of low and high doses of fosinopril on the structure and function of resistance arteries. Hypertension. 26:1995;118-123.
51. Schiffrin E.L., Deng L.-Y., Larochelle P. Effects of β-blocker or a converting enzyme inhibitor on resistance arteries in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 3:1994;83-91.
52. Schiffrin E.L., Deng L.-Y., Larochelle P. Progressive improvement in the structure of resistance arteries of hypertensive patients after 2 years of treatment with an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor comparison with effects of a β-blocker . Am J Hypertens. 8:1995;229-236.
53. Schiffrin E.L., Deng L.-Y. Comparison of effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition and β-blockade for 2 years on function of small arteries from hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 25:(pt 2):1995;699-703.
54. Thybo N.K., Stephens N., Cooper A., et al. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on small arteries of patients with previously untreated essential hypertension. Hypertension. 25:(pt 1):1995;474-481.
55. Rizzoni D., Muiesan M.L., Porteri E., et al. Effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with lisinopril on resistance arteries in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Hypertens. 15:1997;197-204.
56. Mancini G.B.J., Henry G.C., Macaya C., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. The TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study. Circulation. 94:1996;258-265.
57. O'Callaghan C.J., Williams B. The regulation of human vascular smooth muscle extracellular matrix protein production by α- and β-adrenoceptor stimulation. J Hypertens. 20:2002;287-294.
58. Schiffrin E.L. Vascular smooth muscle growth and extracellular matrix deposition is there a role for the sympathetic nervous system? J Hypertens. 20:2002;179-182.
59. Hansson L., Lindholm L.H., Ekbom T., et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study . Lancet. 354:1999;1751-1756.
60. Lindholm L.H., Hansson L., Ekbom T., et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. J Hypertens. 18:2000;1671-1675.
61. Hansson L., Lindholm L.H., Niskanen L., et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial . Lancet. 353:1999;611-616.
62. Dahlöf B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE) a randomised trial against atenolol . Lancet. 359:2002;995-1003.
63. Lindholm L.H., Ibsen H., Dahlöf B., et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE) a randomized trial against atenolol . Lancet. 359:2002;1004-1010.
64. Julius S. Long term potential of angiotensin receptor blockade for cardiovascular protection in hypertension the VALUE trial . Cardiology. 91:(suppl 1):1991;8-13.
65. Davis B.R., Cutler J.A., Gordon D.J., et al. Rationale and design for the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Am J Hypertens. 9:1996;342-360.
66. Grimm R.H. Jr, Margolis K.L., Papademetriou V., et al. Baseline characteristics of participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Hypertension. 37:2001;19-27.
67. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators . Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 342:2000;145-153.
68. Pfeffer M.A., Domanski M., Rosenberg Y., et al. Prevention of events with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (the PEACE study design). Am J Cardiol. 82:1998;25H-30H.
69. Yusuf S. From the HOPE to the ONTARGET and the TRANSCEND studies challenges in improving prognosis . Am J Cardiol. 89:2002;18A-25A.
70. The SOLVD Investigators . Effects of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 325:1991;293-302.
71. The SOLVD Investigators . Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med. 327:1992;685-691.
72. Pitt B., Poole-Wilson P.A., Segal R., et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure randomised trial - the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II . Lancet. 355:2000;1582-1587.
73. Cohn J.N., Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 345:2001;1667-1675.
74. Swedberg K., Pfeffer M., Granger C., et al. Candesartan in heart failure-assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) rationale and design. CHARM Programme Investigators . J Card Fail. 5:1999;276-282.
75. Pfeffer M.A., Braunwald E., Moyé L.A., et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement trial. N Engl J Med. 327:1992;669-677.
76. The AIRE Study Investigators . Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinic evidence of heart failure. Lancet. 342:1993;821-828.
77. Dickstein K., Kjekshus J. Comparison of the effects of losartan and captopril on mortality in patients after acute myocardial infarction the OPTIMAAL trial design . Am J Cardiol. 83:1999;477-481.
78. Pfeffer M.A., McMurray J., Leizorovicz A., et al. Valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial (VALIANT) rationale and design . Am Heart J. 140:2000;727-734.
79. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group . Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. BMJ. 317:1998;713-720.
80. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation . Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy . Lancet. 355:2000;253-259.
81. Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D., et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 345:2001;861-869.
82. Lewis E.D., Hunsicker L.G., Clarke W.R., et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 345:2001;851-860.
83. Parving H.-H., Lehnert H., Bröchner-Mortensen J., et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 345:2001;870-878.
84. Schmieder R.E., Martus P., Klingbeil A. Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension - a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind studies. JAMA. 275:1996;1507-1513.
85. Amant C., Bauters C., Bodart J.C., et al. D allele of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme is a major risk factor for restenosis after coronary stenting. Circulation. 96:1997;56-60.
86. Meurice T., Bauters C., Hermant X., et al. Effect of ACE inhibitors on angiographic restenosis after coronary stenting (PARIS) a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Lancet. 357:2001;1321-1324.
87. Van Geel P.P., Pinto Y.M., Voors A.A., et al. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism is associated with an increased response to angiotensin II in human arteries. Hypertension. 35:2000;717-721.
88. 1166A/C gene polymorphisms and increase in aortic stiffness with age in hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens. 19:2001;407-413.
89. Schiffrin E.L., Park J.B., Intengan H.D., Touyz R.M. Correction of arterial structure and endothelial dysfunction in human essential hypertension by the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan. Circulation. 101:2000;1653-1659.
90. Brosnan M.J., Hamilton C.A., Graham D., et al. Irbesartan lowers superoxide levels and increases nitric oxide bioavailability in blood vessels from spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats. J Hypertens. 20:2002;281-286.
91. Schiffrin E.L., Park J.B., Pu Q. Effect of crossing over hypertensive patients from a beta-blocker to an angiotensin receptor antagonist on resistance artery structure and on endothelial function. J Hypertens. 20:2002;71-78.
92. 1-receptor antagonist losartan in essential hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 1:2000;40-45.
93. von zur Mühlen B., Kahan T., Hägg A., et al. Treatment with irbesartan or atenolol improves endothelial function in essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 19:2001;1813-1818.
94. Benetos A., Gautier S., Laflèche A., et al. Blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptors effect on carotid and radial artery structure and function in hypertensive humans . J Vasc Res. 37:2000;8-15.
95. Ghiadoni L., Virdis A., Magagna A., et al. Effect of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan on endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 35:(pt 2):2000;501-506.
96. Strawn W.B., Chappell M.C., Dean R.H., et al. Inhibition of early atherogenesis by losartan in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 101:2000;1586-1593.
97. de Gasparo M., Hess P., Nuesslein-Hildesheim B., et al. Combination of non-hypotensive doses of valsartan and enalapril improves survival of spontaneously hypertensive rats with endothelial dysfunction. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 1:2000;151-158.
98. Peters S., Götting B., Trümmel M., et al. Valsartan for prevention of restenosis after stenting of type B2/C lesions the Val-PREST trial . J Invasive Cardiol. 13:2001;93-97.
99. Prasad A., Halcox J.P.J., Waclawiw M.A., Quyyumi A.A. Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism reverses abnormal coronary vasomotion in atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 38:2001;1089-1095.
100. Prasad A., Tupas-Habib T., Schenke W.H., et al. Acute and chronic angiotensin-1 receptor antagonism reverses endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 101:2000;2349-2354.
101. Heitzer T., Schlinzig T., Krohn K., et al. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 104:2001;2673-2678.
102. Chae C.U., Lee R.T., Rifai N., Ridker P.M. Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men. Hypertension. 38:2001;399-403.
103. Navalkar S., Parthasarathy S., Santanam N., Khan B.V. Irbesartan, an angiotensin type I receptor inhibitor, regulates markers of inflammation in patients with premature atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 37:2001;440-444.
104. Swedberg K.B. Impact of neuroendocrine activation on coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 82:1998;8H-14H.
105. Seeger H., Lippert C., Wallwiener D., Mueck A.O. Valsartan and candesartan can inhibit deteriorating effects of angiotensin II on coronary endothelial function. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2:2001;141-143.
106. Goodfield N.E.R., Newby D.E., Ludlan C.A., Flapan A.D. Effects of acute angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on plasma fibrinolytic parameters in patients with heart failure. Circulation. 99:1999;2983-2985.
107. Neunteufl T., Heher S., Katzenschlager R., et al. Late prognostic value of flow-mediate dilation in the brachial artery of patients with chest pain. Am J Cardiol. 86:2000;207-210.
108. Ramahi T.M. Expanded role for angiotensin receptor blockers in cardiovascular and renal disease? Recent observations have far-reaching implications. Postgrad Med. 109:2001;115-122.
109. Pitt B., Segal R., Martinez F.A., et al. Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet. 349:1997;747-752.
110. Palatini P., Malacco E., Fogari R., et al. A multicenter, randomized double-blind study of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination versus amlodipine in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Hypertens. 19:2001;1691-1696.
111. Dahlöf B., Devereux R.B., Julius S., et al. Characteristics of 9194 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Hypertension. 32:1998;989-997.
112. Lewis E.J., Hunsicker L.G., Bain R.P., Rohde R.D. The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 329:1993;1456-1462.