New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression

Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 381-385

  Gold, Philip W ^a   Drevets, Wayne C ^a   Charney, Dennis S ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^b Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program/Molecular ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE; GLUCOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; HYDROCORTISONE; MESSENGER RNA; MIFEPRISTONE; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1;

BONE ATROPHY; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; EMOTIONAL STRESS; HIPPOCAMPUS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; HYPERCORTISOLISM; HYPOTHALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; NOTE; OSTEOPENIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036752723     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01480-4     Document Type: Editorial

References (44)

1. Belanoff J.K., Rothschild A.J., Cassidy F., DeBattista C., Baulieu E.-E., Schold C., Schatzberg A.F. An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;386-392.
2. Borduau I., Bard C., Noel B., Leclerc I., Cordeau M.P., Belair M., et al. Loss of brain volume in endogenous Cushing's syndrome and its reversibility after correction of hypercortisolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 87:2002;1949-1954.
3. Bradbury M.J., Akana S.F., Dallman M.F. Roles of type I and II corticosteroid receptors in regulation of basal activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the diurnal trough and the peak Evidence for a nonadditive effect of combined receptor occupation . Endocrinology. 134:1994;1286-1296.
4. Bremner J.D., Narayan M., Anderson E.R., Staib L.H., Miller H.I., Charney D.S. Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 157:2000;115-118.
5. Calogero A.E., Gallucci W.T., Chrousos G.P., Gold P.W. Catecholamine effects upon rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro. J Clin Invest. 82:1988;839-846.
6. Davidson R.J. Anxiety and affective style Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala . Biol Psychiatry. 53:2002;68-80.
7. Dijkstra I., Tilders F.J., Aguilera G., Kiss A., Rabadan-Diehl C., Barden N., et al. Reduced activity of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function. J Neurosci. 18:1998;3909-3918.
8. Diorio D., Viau V., Meaney M.J. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulated gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. J Neurosci. 13:1993;3839-3847.
9. Drevets W.C. Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression Implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders . Curr Opin Neurobiol. 11:2001;240-249.
10. Drevets W.C., Price J.L., Bardgett M.E., Reich T., Todd R.D., Raichle M.E. Glucose metabolism in the amygdala in depression Relationship to diagnostic subtype and plasma cortisol levels . Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 71:2002;431-447.
11. Drevets W.C., Price J.L., Simpson J.J., Todd R.D., Reich T., Vannier M., Raichle M.E. Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature. 386:1997;824-827.
12. Erfurth E.M., Bulow B., Eskilsson J., Hagmar L. High incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with hypopituitarism not receiving growth hormone treatment Preliminary results . Growth Horm IGF Res. 9:(suppl A):1999;21-24.
13. Fallon J.L., Ciofi P. Distribution of monoamines within the amygdala. Aggleton J., The Amygdala Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction . 1992;94-114 Wiley-Liss, New York.
14. Gass P., Reichardt H.M., Strekalova T., Henn F., Tronche F. Mice with targeted mutations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors Models for depression and anxiety? Physiol Behav. 73:2001;811-825.
15. Gold P.W., Chrousos G.P. Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression High vs low CRH/NE states . Mol Psychiatry. 7:2002;254-275.
16. Gray T., Bingaman E. The amygdala corticotropin-releasing factor, steroids, and stress . Crit Rev Neurobiol. 10:1996;155-168.
17. Hew F.L., O'Neal D., Kamarudin N., Alford F.P., Best J.D. Growth hormone deficiency and cardiovascular risk. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 12:1998;199-216.
18. Holsboer F. The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23:2000;477-501.
19. Joels M., deKloet E.R. Control of neuronal excitability by corticosteroid hormones. Trends Neurosci. 15:1992;25-30.
20. Kellendonk C., Gass P., Kretz O., Schutz G., Tronche F. Corticosteroid receptors in the brain Gene targeting studies . Brain Res Bull. 51:2002;73-83.
21. Lee Y., Schulkin J., Davis M. Effect of corticosterone on the enhancement of the acoustic startle reflex by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Brain Res. 666:1994;93-98.
22. Lupien S.J., Gillin C.J., Hauger R.L. Working memory is more sensitive than declarative memory to the acute effects of corticosteroids A dose-response study in humans . Behav Neurosci. 113:1999;420-430.
23. Lyons D.M., Lopez J.M., Yang C., Schatzberg A.F. Stress-level cortisol treatment impairs inhibitory control of behavior in monkeys. J Neurosci. 20:2000;7816-7821.
24. Makino S., Gold P.W., Schulkin J. Effects of corticosterone on CRH mRNA and content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; comparison with the effects in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 675:1994;141-149.
25. Makino S., Gold P.W., Schulkin J. Corticosterone effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 640:1995;105-112.
26. Michelson D., Stratakis C., Hill L., Reynolds J., Galliven E., Chrouso S., et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. N Engl J Med. 16:1996;1176-1181.
27. McGregor V.P., Banarer S., Cryer P.E. Elevated endogenous cortisol reduces autonomic neuroendocrine and symptom responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 282:2002;E770-777.
28. Morimoto M., Morita N., Ozawa H., Yokoyama K., Kawata M. Distribution of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity and mRNA in the rat brain An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study . Neurosci Res. 26:1996;235-269.
29. Pavlides C., Kimura A., Magarinos A.M., McEwen B.S. Hippocampal homosynaptic long-term depression/depotentiation induced by adrenal steroids. Neuroscience. 68:1995;379-385.
30. Pavlides C., McEwen B.S. Effects of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors on long-term potentiation in the CA3 hippocampal field. Brain Res. 851:1999;204-214.
31. Prewitt C.M., Herman J.P. Lesion of the central nucleus of the amygdala decreases basal CRH mRNA expression and stress-induced ACTH release. Ann NY Acad Sci. 746:1994;438-440.
32. Raadsheer F.C., van Heerikhuise J.J., Lucassen P.J., Hoogendijk W.J., Tilders F.J., Swaab D.F. Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression. Am J Psychiatry. 152:1995;1372-1376.
33. Roozendaal B. Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 25:2000;213-238.
34. Sheline Y.I., Sanghavi M., Mintun M.A., Gado M.H. Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression. J Neurosci. 19:1999;5034-5043.
35. Sheline Y.I., Wang P.W., Gado M.H., Csernansky J.G., Vannier M.W. Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;3908-3913.
36. Shepard J.D., Barron K.W., Myers D.A. Corticosterone delivery to the amygdala increases corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the central amygdaloid nucleus and anxiety-like behavior. Brain Res. 861:2000;288-295.
37. Starkman M.N., Schteingart D.E., Schork M.A. Depressed mood and other psychiatric manifestations of Cushing's syndrome Relationship to hormone levels . Psychosom Med. 43:1981;3-18.
38. Sullivan R.M., Gratton A. Lateralized effects of medial prefrontal cortex lesions on neuroendocrine and autonomic stress responses in rats. J Neurosci. 19:1999;2834-2840.
39. Swanson L., Simmons D. Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus A hybridization histochemical study in the rat . J Comp Neurol. 285:1989;413-435.
40. Tronche F., Kellendonk C., Kretz O., Gass P., Anlag K., Orban P.C., et al. Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety. Nat Genet. 23:1999;99-103.
41. Wellman C.L. Dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex after chronic corticosterone administration. J Neurobiol. 49:2001;245-253.
42. Wong M.L., Kling M.A., Munson P.J., Listwak S., Licinio J., Prolo P., et al. Pronounced and sustained central hypernoradrenergic function in major depression with melancholic features Relation to hypercortisolism and corticotropin-releasing hormone . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:2000;325-330.
43. Wulsin L.R., Vaillant G.E., Wells V.E. A systematic review of the mortality of depression. Psychosom Med. 61:1999;6-17.
44. Young A.H., Sahakian B.J., Robbins T.W., Cowen P.G. The effects of chronic administration of hydrocortisone on cognitive function in normal male volunteers. Pharmacology. 145:1999;260-266.