Influence of age, sex, folate and vitamin B12 status on plasma homocysteine in Saudis

Saudi Medical Journal

Volumn 23, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 959-968

  Ardawi, Mohammed Salleh M ^a,c,d   Rouzi, Abdulrahim A ^a   Qari, Mohammed H ^a   Dahlawi, Foaud M ^a   Al Raddadi, Rajaa M ^b  

^a KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Saudi Arabia)

^c New Jeddah Clinic Hospital   (Saudi Arabia)

^d NONE   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Folate; Homocysteine concentration; Vitamin B12

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE;

ADULT; AGE; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DATA ANALYSIS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; GENDER; GEOMETRY; HUMAN; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MALE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; NORMAL HUMAN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZATION; REFERENCE VALUE; SAUDI ARABIA; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SAUDI ARABIA; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; VITAMIN B 12;

EID: 0036700136     PISSN: 03795284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Finkelstein JD. Methionine metabolism in mammals. J Nutr Biochem 1990; 1: 228-237.
2. Frinkelstein JD. The regulation of homocysteine metabolism. In: Graham I, Refsum H, Rosenberg IH, Veland PM, editors. Homocysteine Metabolism: From Basic Science to Clinical Medicine. Boston, (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1997. p. 3-9.
3. Rasmussen K, Moller J. Total homocysteine measurement in clinical practice. Ann Clin Biochem 2000; 37: 627-648.
4. McCully KS, Wilson RB. Homocysteine theory of arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis 1975; 22: 215-227.
5. McCully KS. Vascular pathology of homocysteinaemia: Implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1969; 56: 111-128.
6. Boushey CJ, Beresford SA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. JAMA 1995; 274: 1049-1057.
7. Graham IM, Daly LE, Refsum HM, Robinson K, Brattstrom LE, Ueland PM et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: the European Concerted Action Project. JAMA 1997; 277: 1775-1781.
8. Nygard O, Nordrehaug JE, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Farstad M, Vollset SE. Plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 230-236.
9. Chambers JC, Obeid OA, Refsum HM, Ueland P, Hackett D, Hooper J et al. Plasma homocysteine concentrations and coronary heart disease risk in UK Indian Asian and European white men. Lancet 2000; 355: 523-527.
10. Arnesen E, Refsum H, Bonna KH, Ueland PM, Forde OH, Norderhaug JE. Serum total homocysteine and coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24: 704-709.
11. Ueland PM, Refsum H, Brattstrom L. Plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. In: Francis RBJ, editor. Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hemotasis and endothelial function. New York, (NY): Marcel Dekker Inc; 1992. p. 183-236.
12. Welch GN, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1042-1050.
13. McCully KS. The Homocysteine Revolution: Medicine for the New Millennium. New Canaan (CT): Keats Publishing; 1997. p. 5.
14. Jacobsen DW. Homocysteine and vitamins in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem 1998; 44: 1823-1843.
15. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PWF, Rush D, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of Homocysteinaemia in the elderly. JAMA 1993; 270: 2693-2698.
16. Nygard Q, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Stenvold I, Tverdal A, Nordrehaug JE et al. Total homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. JAMA 1995; 274: 1526-1533.
17. Brattstrom L, Lindgren A, Israelsson B, Andersson A, Hultberg B. Homocysteine and cysteine: Determinants of plasma levels in middle-aged and elderly subjects. J Intern Med 1994; 236: 633-641.
18. Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, Rogers G, Selhub J, Bowman BA, Gunter EW et al. Serum total homocysteine concentrations in adolescent and adult Americans: Results from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 482-489.
19. Carmel R, Green R, Jacobsen DW, Rasmussen K, Florea M, Azen C. Serum cobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid concentrations in a multiethnic elderly population: Ethnic and sex differences in cohalamin and metabolite abnormalities. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 904-910.
20. Williams RR, Malinow MR, Hunt SC, Upson B, Wu LL, Hopkins PN. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in Utah siblings with early coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 1990; 1: 681-685.
21. Genest JJ, McNamara JR, Upson B, Salem DN, Ordovas JM, Schaefer EJ et al. Prevalence of familial hyperhomocyst (e)inemia in men with premature coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 1129-1136.
22. Wu LL, Wu J, Hunt SC, James BC, Vincent GM, Williams RR et al. Plasma homocyst(e)ine as a risk factor for early familial coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 552-561.
23. Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ, Delport R, Potieter HC. Vitamin requirements for the treatment of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in humans. J Nutr 1994; 124: 1927-1933.
24. Lindgren F, Israelsson B, Lindgren A, Hultberg B, Andersson A, Brattstrom L. Plasma homocysteine in acute myocardial function: Homocysteine-lowering effect of folic acid. J Intern Med 1995; 237: 381-388.
25. Riddell LJ, Chisholm A, Williams S, Mann JI. Dietary strategies for lowering homocysteine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 1448-1454
26. Chait A, Malinow MR, Nevin DN, Morris CD, Eastgard RL, Kris-Etherton P et al. Increased dietary micronutrients decrease serum homocysteine concentrations in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 881-887.
27. Shipchandler TM, Moore EG. Rapid, fully automated measurement of plasma homocyst(e)ine with the Abbott IMX analyzer. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 991-994.
28. Malinow MR, Boston AG, Krauss RM. Homoc0yst(e)ine, diet, and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the nutrition committee. American Heart Association. Circulation 1999; 99: 178-182.
29. Ueland PM, Refsum H, Stabler SP, Malinow MR, Andersson A, Allen RH. Total homocysteine in plasma or serum: Methods and clinical applications. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 1764-1779.
30. Williams RH, Maggiore JA. Hyperhomocysteinenia: pathogenesis, clinical significance, laboratory assessment and treatment. Lab Med 1999; 30: 468-475.
31. Clarke R, Stansbie D. Assessment of homocysteine as a cardiovascular risk factor in clinical practice. Ann Clin Biochem 2001; 38: 624-632.
32. Malinow MR, Ducimetiere P, Luc G, Evans AE, Arveiler D, Cambien F et al. Plasma homocysteine levels and graded risk for myocardial infarction: Findings in two populations at contrasting risk for coronary disease. Atherosclerosis 1996; 126: 27-34.
33. Omenn GS, Beresford SA, Motulsky AG. Preventing coronary heart disease: B vitamins and homocysteine. Circulation 1998; 97: 421-424.
34. Robinson K, Mayer EL, Miller DP, Green R, van Lente F, Gupta A et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low pyridoxa phosphate. Common and independent reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1995; 92: 2825-2830.
35. Donnelly JD, Isotalo PA. Non-fasting reference intervals for the Abbott IMX homocysteine and AxSYM plasma folate assays: influence of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 (mutation on homocysteine. Ann Clin Biochem 2000; 37: 390-398.
36. Koehler KM, Romero LJ, Stauber PM, Pareo-Tubbeh SL, Liang HC. Vitamin supplementation and other variables affecting serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in elderly men and women. J Am Coll Nutr 1996; 15: 364-376.
37. Clarke R, Woodhouse P, Ulvik A, Frost C, Sherliker P, Refsum H et al. Variability and determinants of total homocysteine concentrations in plasma in an elderly population. Clin Chem 1998; 44: 102-107.
38. Lussier-Cacan S, Xhignesse M, Piolot A, Selhub J, Darignon J, Genest J Jr. Plasma total homocysteine in healthy subjects: Sex-specific relation with biological traits. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 587-593.
39. Guttormsen AB, Ueland PM, Svarstad E, Refsum H. Kinetic basis of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1997; 52: 495-502.
40. Andersson A, Brattstrom L, Israelsson B, Isaksson A, Hamfelt A, Hultberg B. Plasma homocysteine before and after methionine loading with regard to age, gender and menopausal status. Eur J Clin Invest 1992; 22: 79-87.
41. Rasmussen K, Moller J, Lyngbak M, Pdersen AM, Dybkjaer L. Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in plasma before and after vitamin supplementation. Clin Chem 1996; 42: 630-636.
42. Wouters MG, Moorrees MT, van der Mooren MJ, Bloom HJ, Boers GH, Schellekens LA et al. Plasma homocysteine and menopausal stats. Eur J Clin Invest 1995; 25: 801-805.
43. van der Mooren MJ, Wouters MGAJ, Blom HJ, Schellekens LA, Eskes TKAB, Rolland R. Hormone replacement therapy may reduce high serum homocysteine in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24: 733-736.
44. Mudd Sh, Poole JR. Labile methyl balances for normal humans on various dietary regimens. Metabolism 1975; 24: 721-735.
45. Gerhard GT, Malinow MR, DeLoughery TG, Evans AJ, Sexton G, Connor SL et al. Higher total homocysteine concentrations and low folate concentrations in premenopausal black women than in premenopausal white women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 70: 252-260.
46. Jacobsen DW, Gatautis VJ, Green R, Robinson K, Savon SR, Secic M et al. Rapid HPLC determination of total homocysteine and other thiols in serum and plasma: sex differences and correlation with cobalamin and folate levels in normal subjects. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 873-881.
47. Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57: 47-53.
48. Bates CJ, Mansoor MA, van der Pols J, Prentice A, Cole TJ, Finch S. Plasma total homocysteine in a representative sample of 972 British men and women aged 65 and over. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51: 691-697.
49. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pentothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Food and Nutrition Board. Washington DC, (USA): Institute of Medicine (National Academy Press); 1998. p. 52.
50. Kang SS, Wong PWK, Norusis M. Homocysteinemia due to folate deficiency. Metabolism 1987; 36: 458-462.
51. Stabler SP, Marcell PD, Podell ER, Allen RH, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J. Evaluation of total homocysteine in the serum of patients with cobalamin or folate deficiency detected by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Clin Invest 1988; 81: 466-474.
52. Allen RH, Stabler SP, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J. Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency I. Usefulness of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations. Am J Hematol 1990; 34: 90-98.
53. Sabler SP, Allen RH, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J. Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency. Blood 1990; 76: 871-881.