Mesenchymal cells in the liver - One cell type or two?

Liver

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 283-294

  Ramadori, G ^a   Saile, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hepatic stellate cell; Myofibroblast; Myofibroblast like cell

Indexed keywords

DNA; FAS LIGAND; FIBULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; PROTEIN; RETINOL; TOXIC SUBSTANCE;

ANIMAL CELL; APOPTOSIS; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELL POPULATION; CELL TYPE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DATA ANALYSIS; DNA SYNTHESIS; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GENE EXPRESSION; IN VITRO STUDY; LIVER BLOOD FLOW; LIVER CELL; LIVER CELL DAMAGE; LIVER PARENCHYMA; LIVER SINUSOID; MESENCHYME; MOUSE; MYOFIBROBLAST; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; RAT; REVIEW; STELLATE CELL;

ANIMALS; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; FIBROBLASTS; HUMANS; KUPFFER CELLS; LIVER; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MESODERM; RATS;

EID: 0036696026     PISSN: 01069543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2002.01726.x     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. FUKUDA-TAIRA S. Hepatic induction in the avian embryo: specificity of reactive endoderm and inductive mesoderm. J Embryol Exp Morph 1981; 63: 111-25.
2. DOUARIN N M. An experimental analysis of liver development. Med Biol 1975; 53: 427-55.
3. ZARET K S. Embryonic development of the liver. In Arias I M, Boyer J L, Chisari F V, Fausto N, Schachter D, Shafritz D A, eds. The Liver. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 17-25.
4. TAN C E, MOSCOSO G J. The developing human biliary system at the porta hepatis level between 11 and 25 weeks of gestation: a way to understanding biliary atresia. Part 2 Pathol Int 1994; 44: 600-10.
5. TIAN Y W, SMITH P G, YEOH G C. The oval-shaped cell as a candidate for a liver stem cell in embryonic, neonatal and precancerous liver. Identification based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining for albumin and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme expression. Histochem Cell Biol 1997; 107: 243-50.
6. ALISON M R, GOLDING M H, SARRAF C E. Pluripotential liver stem cells: facultative stem cells located in the biliary tree. Cell Prolif 1996; 29: 373-402.
7. BRILL S, HOLST P, SIGAL S, et al. Hepatic progenitor populations in embryonic, neonatal, and adult liver. Proc Soc Exp Biol Medical 1993; 204: 261-69.
8. LIN Y, WEISDORF D J, SOLOVEY A, HEBBEL R P. Origins of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial outgrowth from blood. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 71-7.
9. RAFII S. Circulating endothelial precursors. Mystery, reality, and promise. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 17-9.
10. ASAHARA T, MUROHARA T, SULLIVAN A, VAN DER SILVER M Z R, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 1997; 275: 964-7.
11. Kleeberger W, Rothamel T, Glockner S, Flemming P, Lehmann U, Kreipe H. High frequency of epithelial chimerism in liver transplants demonstrated by microdissection and STR-analysis. Hepatology 2002; 35: 110-16.
12. LIECHTY K W, MACKENZIE T C, SHAABAN A F, RADU A. MOSELEY A M et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells engraft and demonstrate site-specific differentiation after in utero transplantation in sheep. Nat Med 2000; 6: 1282-86.
13. PEREIRA R F, O'HARA M D, LAPTEV A V, HALFORD K W, et al. Marrow stromal cells as a source of progenitor cells for nonhematopoietic tissues in transgenic mice with a phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 1998; 95: 1142-47.
14. PROCKOP D J. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for non-hematopoietic tissues. [Review] [32 refs]. Science 1997; 276: 71-4.
15. KUPFFER K. Ueber Sternzellen der Leber. Briefliche Mitteilung an Professor Waldeyer. Arch Mikr Anat 1876; 12: 353-8.
16. ITO T, NEMOTO M. Ueber die Kupfferschen Sternzellen und die 'Fettspeicherungszellen' (fat storing cells) in der Blutkapillarenwand der menschlichen Leber. Okajima Folia Anat Jpn 1952; 24: 243-58.
17. BRONFENMAJER S, SCHAFFNER F, POPPER H. Fat-storing cells (lipocytes) in human liver. Arch Pathol 1966; 82: 447-53.
18. WAKE K. 'Sternzellen' in the liver: perisinusoidal cells with special reference to storage of vitamin A. Am J Anat 1971; 132: 429-62.
19. DE LEEUW A M, MCCARTHY S P, GEERTS A, KNOOK D L. Purified rat liver fat-storing cells in culture divide and contain collagen. Hepatology 1984; 4: 392-403.
20. ANONYMOUS. Hepatic stellate cell nomenclature. Hepatology 1996; 23: 193.
21. APTE M V, HABER P S, APPLEGATE T L, et al. Periacinar stellate shaped cells in rat pancreas: identification, isolation, and culture. Gut 1998; 43: 128-33.
22. NEUBAUER K, KNITTEL T, AURISCH S, FELLMER P, RAMADORI G. Glial fibrillary acidic protein - a cell type specific marker for Ito cells in vivo and in vitro. J Hepatol 1996; 24: 719-30.
23. CASSIMAN D, VAN PELT J, DE VOS R, et al. Synaptophysin: a novel marker for human and rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Pathol 1999; 155: 1831-39.
24. CASSIMAN D, DENEF C, DESMET V J, ROSKAMS T. Human and rat hepatic stellate cells express neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors. Hepatology 2001; 33: 148-58.
25. ZERBE O, GRESSNER A M. Proliferation of fat-storing cells is stimulated by secretions of Kupffer cells from normal and injured liver. Exp Mol Pathol 1988; 49: 87-101.
26. PINZANI M, GESUALDO L, SABBAH G M, ABBOUD H E. Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and other polypeptide mitogens on DNA synthesis and growth of cultured rat liver fat-storing cells. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 1786-93.
27. SAILE B, MATTHES N, NEUBAUER K, et al. Rat liver myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells differ in CD95-mediated apoptosis and in their response to TNF-α. Am J Physiol 2001.
28. FRIEDMAN S L, ROLL F J, BOYLES J, ARENSON D M, BISSELL D M. Maintenance of differentiated phenotype of cultured rat hepatic lipocytes by basement membrane matrix. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 10756-62.
29. TAKASE S, LEO M A, NOUCHI T, LIEBER C S. Desmin distinguishes cultured fat-storing cells from myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the rat. J Hepatol 1988; 6: 267-76.
30. GREENWEL P, SCHWARTZ M, ROSAS M, PEYROL S, GRIMAUD J A, ROJKIND M. Characterization of fat-storing cell lines derived from normal and CC14-cirrhotic livers. Differences in the production of interleukin-6. Laboratory Invest 1991; 65: 644-53.
31. CHEN W, GENDRAULT J L, STEFFAN A M, JEANDIDIER E, KIRN A. Isolation, culture and main characteristics of mouse fat-storing cells: interaction with viruses. Hepatology 1989; 9: 352-62.
32. KNITTEL T, KOBOLD D, DUDAS J, SAILE B, RAMADORI G. Role of the Ets-1 transcription factor during activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in culture. Am J Pathol 1999; 155: 1841-48.
33. KNITTEL T, AURISCH S, NEUBAUER K, EICHHORST S, RAMADORI G. Cell-type-specific expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in Ito cells of rat liver. Up-regulation during in vitro activation and in hepatic tissue repair. Am J Pathol 1996; 149: 449-62.
34. KNITTEL T, SCHUPPAN D, MEYER ZUM BUSCHENFELDE K H, RAMADORI G. Differential expression of collagen types I, III, and IV by fat-storing (Ito) cells in vitro. [see comments]. Gastroenterology 1992: 102: 1724-35.
35. ANDUS T, RAMADORI G, HEINRICH P C, KNITTEL T, MEYER Z, BUSCHENFELDE K H. Cultured Ito cells of rat liver express the alpha 2-macroglobulin gene. Eur J Biochem 1987; 168: 641-46.
36. KNITTEL T, KOBOLD D, SAILE B, et al. Rat liver myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells: different cell populations of the fibroblast lineage with fibrogenic potential. [see comments]. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1205-21.
37. KNITTEL T, ARMBRUST T, SCHWOGLER S, SCHUPPAN D, RAMADORI G. Distribution and cellular origin of undulin in rat liver. Laboratory Invest 1992; 67: 779-87.
38. SCHWOEGLER S, NEUBAUER K, KNITTEL T, CHUNG A E, RAMADORI G. Entactin gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver and in rat liver cells. Laboratory Invest 1994; 70: 525-36.
39. KNITTEL T, MEHDE M, KOBOLD D, SAILE B, DINTER C, RAMADORI G. Expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of rat liver: regulation by TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 48-60.
40. SAILE B, MATTHES N, EL ARMOUCHE H, NEUBAUER K, RAMADORI G. The bcl, NF kappa B and p53/p21 (WAF1) systems are involved in spontaneous apoptosis and in the anti-apoptotic effect of TGF-β or TNF-α on activated hepatic stellate cells. European J Cell Biol 2001; 80: 554-61.
41. RAMADORI G, NEUBAUER K, ODENTHAL M, NAKAMURA T, KNITTEL T, et al. The gene of hepatocyte growth factor is expressed in fat-storing cells of rat liver and is downregulated during cell growth and by transforming growth factor-beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 183: 739-42.
42. RAMADORI G, VEIT T, SCHWOGLER S, et al. Expression of the gene of the alpha-smooth muscle-actin isoform in rat liver and in rat fat-storing (ITO) cells. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1990; 59: 349-57.
43. MINATO Y, HASUMURA Y, TAKEUCHI J. The role of fat-storing cells in Disse space fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1983; 3: 559-66.
44. HORN T, JUNGE J, CHRISTOFFERSEN P. Early alcoholic liver injury. Activation of lipocytes in acinar zone 3 and correlation to degree of collagen formation in the Disse space. J Hepatol 1986; 3: 333-40.
45. WANLESS I R, BELGIORNO J, HUET P M. Hepatic sinusoidal fibrosis induced by cholesterol and stilbestrol in the rabbit: 1. Morphology and inhibition of fibrogenesis by dipyridamole. Hepatology 1996; 24: 855-64.
46. SCHUPPAN D. Structure of the extracellular matrix in normal and fibrotic liver. Collagens and glycoproteins. [Review] [84 Refs] Semin Liver Dis 1990; 10: 1-10.
47. RAMADORI G, KNITTEL T, SAILE B. Fibrosis and altered matrix synthesis. Digestion 1998; 59: 372-75.
48. GALLAI M, KOVALSZKY I, KNITTEL T, NEUBAUER K, ARMBRUST T, et al. Expression of extracellular matrix proteoglycans perlecan and decorin in carbon-tetrachloride-injured rat liver and in isolated liver cells. Am J Pathol 1996; 148: 1463-71.
49. GUPTA S. Hepatic polyploidy and liver growth control. Semin Cancer Biol 2000; 10: 161-71.
50. LANSDORP P M. Repair of telomeric DNA prior to replicative senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 118: 23-34.
51. EDGAR B A, ORR-WEAVER T L. Endoreplication cell cycles. More for Less. Cell 2001; 105: 297-306.
52. O'REILLY M A. DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoints in hyperoxic lung injury: braking to facilitate repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281: L291-305.
53. NASMYTH K. A prize for proliferation. Cell 2001; 107: 689-701.
54. STEMMANN O, ZOU H, GERBER S A, GYGI S P, KIRSCHNER M W. Dual inhibition of sister chromatid separation at metaphase. Cell 2001; 107: 715-26.
55. NIETO N, FRIEDMAN S L, CEDERBAUM A. Stimulation and proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells by cytochrome P450 2E1-derived reactive oxygen species. Hepatology 2002; 35: 62-73.
56. KENT G, GAY S, INOUYE T, BAHU R, MINICK O T, POPPER H. Vitamin A-containing lipocytes and formation of type III collagen in liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 1976; 73: 3719-22.
57. ENZAN H. Proliferation of Ito cells (fat-storing cells) in acute carbon tetrachloride liver injury. A light and electron microscopic autoradiographic study. Acta Pathol Japan 1985; 35: 1301-08.
58. GEERTS A, LAZOU J M, DE BLESER P, WISSE E. Tissue distribution, quantitation and proliferation kinetics of fat-storing cells in carbon tetrachloride-injured rat liver. Hepatology 1991; 13: 1193-1202.
59. OGAWA K, SUZUKI J, MUKAI H, MORI M. Sequential changes of extracellular matrix and proliferation of Ito cells with enhanced expression of desmin and actin in focal hepatic injury. Am J Pathol 1986; 125: 611-9.
60. BALLARDINI G, DEGLI E S, BIANCHI F B, et al. Correlation between Ito cells and fibrogenesis in an experimental model of hepatic fibrosis. A sequential stereological study. Liver 1983; 3: 58-63.
61. BURT A D, ROBERTSON J L, HEIR J, MACSWEEN R N. Desmin-containing stellate cells in rat liver; distribution in normal animals and response to experimental acute liver injury. J Pathol 1986; 150: 29-35.
62. MAK K M, LIEBER C S. Lipocytes and transitional cells in alcoholic liver disease: a morphometric study. Hepatology 1988; 8: 1027-33.
63. GRESSNER A M, LAHME B, BRENZEL A. Molecular dissection of the mitogenic effect of hepatocytes on cultured hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 1995; 22: 1507-18.
64. ROCKEY D C, BOYLES J K, GABBIANI G, FRIEDMAN S L. Rat hepatic lipocytes express smooth muscle actin upon activation in vivo and in culture. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1992; 24: 193-203.
65. OLASO E, IKEDA K, ENG, F J, et al. DDR2 receptor promotes AMP-2-mediated proliferation and invasion by hepatic stellate cells. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 1369-78.
66. TAHASHI Y, MATSUZAKI K, DATE M, et al. Differential regulation of TGF-β signal in hepatic stellate cells between acute and chronic rat liver injury. Hepatology 2002; 35: 49-61.
67. RAMADORI G. The stellate cell (Ito-cell, fat-storing cell, lipocyte, perisinusoidal cell) of the liver. New insights into pathophysiology of an intriguing cell. [Review] [129 Refs] Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1991; 61: 147-58.
68. SHIRATORI Y, GEERTS A, ICHIDA T, KAWASE T, WISSE E. Kupffer cells from CC14-induced fibrotic livers stimulate proliferation of fat-storing cells. J Hepatol 1986; 3: 294-303.
69. DAVIS B H, VUCIC A. The effect of retinol on Ito cell proliferation in vitro. Hepatology 1988; 8: 788-93.
70. RACINE-SAMSON L, ROCKEY D C, BISSELL D M. The role of alpha1beta1 integrin in wound contraction. A quantitative analysis of liver myofibroblasts in vivo and in primary culture. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 30911-7.
71. DAVAILLE J, GALLOIS C, HABIB A, et al. Antiproliferative properties of sphingosine 1-phosphate in human hepatic myofibroblasts. A cyclooxygenase-2 mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 34628-33.
72. BHUNCHET E, WAKE K. Role of mesenchymal cell populations in porcine serum-induced rat liver fibrosis. Hepatology 1992; 16: 1452-73.
73. SCHWOGLER S, ODENTHAL M, MEYER ZUM BUSCHENFELDE K H, RAMADORI G. Alternative splicing products of the tenascin gene distinguish rat liver fat storing cells from arterial smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185: 768-75.
74. RAMADORI G, SCHWOGLER S, VEIT T, et al. Tenascin gene expression in rat liver and in rat liver cells. In vivo and in vitro studies. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1991; 60: 145-53.
75. DE LEEUW A M, BARELDS R J, DE ZANGER R, KNOOK D L. Primary cultures of endothelial cells of the rat liver: a model for ultrastructural and functional studies. Cell Tissue Res 1982; 223: 201-15.
76. PISCAGLIA F, KNITTEL T, KOBOLD D, BARNIKOL-WATANABE S, DI ROCCO P, RAMADORI G. Cellular localization of hepatic cytochrome 1B1 expression and its regulation by aromatic hydrocarbons and inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58: 157-65.
77. FRIEDMAN S L. Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 2247-50.
78. DOOLEY S, DELVOUX B, LAHME B, MANGASSER-STEPHAN K, GRESSNER A M. Modulation of transforming growth factor beta response and signaling during transdifferentiation of rat hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts. Hepatology 2000; 31: 1094-106.
79. PEREZ-TAMAYO R. Cirrhosis of the liver: a reversible disease? Pathol Annu 1979; 14 Part 2: 183-213.
80. GRESSNER A M. Cytokines and cellular crosstalk involved in the activation of fat-storing cells. J Hepatol 1995; 22: 28-36.
81. GRESSNER A M. The up-and-down of hepatic stellate cells in tissue injury: apoptosis restores cellular homeostasis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1285-8.
82. ENG F J, FRIEDMAN S L. Fibrogenesis I. New insights into hepatic stellate cell activation: the simple becomes complex. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 279: G7-11.
83. OLASO E, FRIEDMAN S L. Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrogenesis. J Hepatol 1998; 29: 836-47.
84. DUFOUR J F, DELELLIS R, KAPLAN M M. Regression of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C with long-term interferon treatment. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 2573-6.
85. NEUBAUER K, KNITTEL T, ARMBRUST T, RAMADORI G. Accumulation and cellular localization of fibrinogen/fibrin during short-term and long-term rat liver injury. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1124-35.
86. VAN PARIJS L, IBRAGHIMOV A, ABBAS A K. The roles of costimulation and Fas in T cell apoptosis and peripheral tolerance. Immunity 1996; 4: 321-8.
87. IREDALE J P, BENYON R C, PICKERING J, MCCULLEN M, NORTHROP M, et al. Mechanisms of spontaneous resolution of rat liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and reduced hepatic expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 538-49.
88. SAILE B, KNITTEL T, MATTHES N, SCHOTT P, RAMADORI G. CD95/CD95L-mediated apoptosis of the hepatic stellate cell. A mechanism terminating uncontrolled hepatic stellate cell proliferation during hepatic tissue repair. Am J Pathol 1997; 151: 1265-72.
89. GONG W, PECCI A, ROTH S, LAHME B, BEATO M, GRESSNER A M. Transformation-dependent susceptibility of rat hepatic stellate cells to apoptosis induced by soluble Fas ligand. Hepatology 1998; 28: 492-502.
90. CZAJA M J, WEINER F R, FLANDERS K C, et al. In vitro and in vivo association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 with hepatic fibrosis. J Cell Biol 1989; 108: 2477-82.
91. BORDER W A, NOBLE N A. Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. [Review] [74 refs]. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1286-92.
92. CASTILLA A, PRIETO J, FAUSTO N. Transforming growth factors beta 1 and alpha in chronic liver disease. Effects of interferon alfa therapy. [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 933-40.
93. MILANI S, HERBST H, SCHUPPAN D, STEIN H, SURRENTI C. Transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2 are differentially expressed in fibrotic liver disease. Am J Pathol 1991; 139: 1221-29.
94. NAKATSUKASA H, NAGY P, EVARTS R P, HSIA C C, MARSDEN E, THORGEIRSSON S S. Cellular distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and procollagen types I, III, and IV transcripts in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 1833-43.
95. MARINOS G, NAOUMOV N V, ROSSOL S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptors in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1453-63.
96. DIEZ-RUIZ A, TILZ G P, GUTIERREZ-GEA F, et al. Neopterin and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I in alcohol-induced cirrhosis. Hepatology 1995; 21: 976-8.
97. KNITTEL T, MULLER L, SAILE B, RAMADORI G. Effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on proliferation, activation and protein synthesis of rat hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 1997; 27: 1067-80.
98. SAILE B, MATTHES N, KNITTEL T, RAMADORI G. Transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibit both apoptosis and proliferation of activated rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 1999; 30: 196-202.
99. KNITTEL T, NEUBAUER K, ARMBRUST T, RAMADORI G. Expression of von Willebrand factor in normal and diseased rat livers and in cultivated liver cells. Hepatology 1995; 21: 470-6.
100. MAK K M, LEO M A, LIEBER C S. Alcoholic liver injury in baboons: transformation of lipocytes to transitional cells. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 188-200.
101. TUCHWEBER B, DESMOULIERE A, BOCHATON-PIALLAT M L, RUBBIA-BRANDT L, GABIANI G. Proliferation and phenotypic modulation of portal fibroblasts in the early stages of cholestatic fibrosis in the rat. Laboratory Invest 1996; 74: 265-78.
102. KNITTEL T, KOBOLD D, PISCAGLIA F, et al. Localization of liver myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells in normal and diseased rat livers: distinct roles of (myo-) fibroblast sub-populations in hepatic tissue repair. Histochem Cell Biol 1999; 112: 387-401.
103. RICHTER S, MUCKE I, MENGER M D, VOLLMAR B. Impact of intrinsic blood flow regulation in cirrhosis: maintenance of hepatic arterial buffer response. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 279: G454-62.
104. KNITTEL T, MEHDE M, GRUNDMANN A, SAILE B, SCHARF J G, RAMADORI G. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during hepatic tissue repair in the rat. Histochem Cell Biol 2000; 113: 443-53.
105. ABE R, DONNELLY S C, PENG T, BUCALA R, METZ C N. Peripheral blood fibrocytes: differentiation pathway and migration to wound sites. J Immunol 2001; 166: 7556-62.
106. DUBUISSON L, LEPREUX S, BIOULAC-SAGE P, BALABAUD C, COSTA A M A, ROSENBAUM, et al. Expression and cellular localization of fibrillin-1 in normal and pathological human liver. J Hepatol 2001; 34: 514-22.