Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies

European Journal of Personality

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 425-448

  Petrides, K V ^a   Furnham, Adrian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035541060     PISSN: 08902070     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/per.416     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Bar-On R. 1997. BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Technical Manual. Multi-Health: Toronto.
2. Bar-On R, Brown JM, Kirkcaldy BD, Thome EP. 2000. Emotional expression and implications for occupational stress: an application of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Personality and Individual Differences 28: 1107-1118.
3. Baron H. 1996. An evaluation of some psychometric parameters: a response to Barrett, Kline, Paltiel & Eysenck. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 69: 21-23.
4. Barrett PT. 1996. The PsWin programs. Available free at http://www.liv.ac.uk/∼pbarrctt/ programs.htm
5. Barrett PT, Kline P, Paltiel L, Eysenck HJ. 1996. An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the concept 5.2 Occupational Personality Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 69: 1-19.
6. Barrett PT, Petrides KV, Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ. 1998. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: an examination of the factorial similarity of P, E, N and L across 34 countries. Personality and Individual Differences 25: 805-819.
7. Bentler PM. 1990. Comparative fix indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107: 238-246.
8. Beyer S. 1998. Gender differences in self-perception and negative recall biases. Sex Roles 38: 103-133.
9. Beyer S, Bowden EM. 1997. Gender differences in self-perceptions: convergent evidence from three measures of accuracy and bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23: 157-172.
10. Byrne BM. 1998. Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLlS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ.
11. Cattell RB. 1952. Factor analysis. Harper: New York.
12. Church AT, Burke PJ. 1994. Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the Big Five and Tellegen's three-and four-dimensional models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66: 93-114.
13. Ciarrochi JV, Chan AYC, Caputi P. 2000. A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences 28: 539-561.
14. Cooper C. 1998. Individual Differences. Arnold: London.
15. Cooper RK, Sawaf A. 1997. Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations. Grosset Putnum: New York.
16. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR. 1992a. Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences 13: 653-665.
17. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR. 1992b. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa, FL.
18. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR. 1995. Primary traits of the Eysenck P-E-N system: three and five-factor solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69: 308-317.
19. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR. 1998. Six approaches to the explication of facet-level traits: examples from conscientiousness. European Journal of Personality 12: 117-134.
20. Costa PT Jr, McCrae RR, Dye DA. 1991. Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness - A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences 12: 887-898.
21. Cronbach LJ. 1949. Essentials of Psychological Testing. Harper and Row: New York.
22. Cronbach LJ, Meelh PE. 1955. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin 52: 281-302.
23. Davies M, Stankov L, Roberts RD. 1998. Emotional intelligence: in search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 989-1015.
24. Dawda D, Hart SD. 2000. Assessing emotional intelligence: reliability and validity of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient-Inventory (EQ-i) in university students. Personality and Individual Differences 28: 797-812.
25. Digman JM. 1990. Personality structure: emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology 41: 417-440.
26. Eysenck HJ. 1992. Four ways five factors are not basic. Personality and Individual Differences 13: 667-673.
27. Eysenck HJ. 1994. Personality and intelligence: psychometric and experimental approaches. In Personality and Intelligence, Sternberg RJ, Ruzgis P (eds). Cambridge University Press: New York; 3-31.
28. Eysenck HJ. 1997. Personality and experimental psychology: the unification of psychology and the possibility of a paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73: 1224-1237.
29. Eysenck HJ, Barrett PT, Wilson GD, Jackson CJ. 1992. Primary trait measurement of the 21 components of the P-E-N system. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 8: 109-117.
30. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck MW. 1985. Personality and Individual Differences: A Natural Science Approach. Plenum: New York.
31. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG. 1976. Psychoticism as a dimension of personality. Hodder and Stoughton: London.
32. Fox S, Spector PE. 2000. Relations of emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, general intelligence, and trait affectivity with interview outcomes: it's not all just 'G'. Journal of Organizational Behavior 21: 203-220.
33. Furnham A. in press. Self-estimates of intelligence: culture and gender differences in self and other estimates of both general (g) and multiple intelligences. Personality and Individual Differences.
34. Furnham A, Forde L, Cotter T. 1998a. Personality and intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 24: 187-192.
35. Furnham A, Forde L, Cotter T. 1998b. Personality scores and test taking style. Personality and Individual Differences 24: 19-23.
36. Gardner H. 1983. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic: New York.
37. Gohm CL, Clore GL. 2000. Individual differences in emotional experience: mapping available scales to processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26: 679-697.
38. Goldberg LR, Saucier G. 1995. So what do you propose we use instead? A reply to Block. Psychological Bulletin 117: 221-225.
39. Goleman D. 1995. Emotional Intelligence: Why it can Matter More than IQ. Bloomsbury: London.
40. Greenspan SI. 1989. Emotional intelligence. In Learning and Education: Psychoanalytic Perspectives, Field K, Cohler BJ, Wool G (eds). Madison, CT; International Universities Press: 209-243.
41. Hein S. 1997. EQ for Everybody: A Practical Guide to Emotional Intelligence. Grainsville: Alligater.
42. Hofstee WKB. in press. Intelligence and personality: do they mix? In Intelligence and Personality: Bridging the Gap in Theory and Measurement, Collis J, Messick S (eds). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
43. Hu LT, Bentler PM. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 6: 1-55.
44. Jackson CJ, Furnham A, Forde L, Cotter T. 2000. The structure of the Eysenck Personality Profiler. British Journal of Psychology 91: 223-239.
45. John OP, Robins RW. 1994. Traits and types, dynamics and development: no doors should be closed in the study of personality. Psychological Inquiry 5: 137-142.
46. John OP, Srivastava S. 1999. The big five trait taxonomy: history, measurement and theoretical perspectives. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2nd edn, Pervin LA, John OP (eds). Guildford: New York; 102-138.
47. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom, D. 1981. LISREL VI User's Guide 3rd edn. Scientific Software: Mooresville, IN.
48. Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D. 1993. LISREL 8 User's Reference Guide. Scientific Software International: Chicago.
49. Katz IM, Campbell JD. 1994. Ambivalence over emotional expression and well-being: nomothetic and idiographic tests of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67: 513-524.
50. King LA, Emmons RA. 1990. Conflict over emotional expression: psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58: 864-877.
51. King LA, Emmons RA. 1991. Psychological, physical, and interpersonal correlates of emotional expressiveness, conflict, and control. European Journal of Personality 5: 131-150.
52. Kline P. 1993. The Handbook of Psychological Testing. Routledge: London.
53. Kline RB. 1998. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford: New York.
54. Leuner B. 1966. Emotionale Intelligenz und emanzipation [Emotional intelligence and emancipation]. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatry 15: 196-203.
55. MacCallum R. 1986. Specification searches in covariance structure modeling. Psychological Bulletin 100: 107-120.
56. MacCallum R, Roznowski M, Necowitz LB. 1992. Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: the problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin 111: 490-504.
57. Martinez-Pons M. 1997. The relation of emotional intelligence with selected areas of personal functioning. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 17: 3-13.
58. Mayer JD, Caruso DR, Salovey P. 1999. Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence 27: 267-298.
59. Mayer JD, DiPaolo M, Salovey P. 1990. Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: a component of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality Assessment 54: 772-781.
60. Mayer JD, Salovey P. 1997. What is emotional intelligence? In Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications, 2nd edn, Salovey P, Sluyter D (eds). Basic: New York; 3-31.
61. McCrae RR. 1994. Openness to experience as a basic dimension of personality. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 13: 39-55.
62. McCrae RR, Zonderman AB, Bond MH, Costa PT Jr, Paunonen SV. 1996. Evaluating replicability of factors in the revised NEO personality inventory: confirmatory factor analysis versus procrustes rotation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70: 552-566.
63. Mehrabian A. 2000. Beyond IQ: broad-based measurement of individual success potential or 'emotional intelligence'. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs 126: 133-239.
64. Muris P, Schmidt H, Merckelbach H, Rassin E. 2000. Reliability, factor structure and validity of the Dutch Eysenck Personality Profiler. Personality and Individual Differences 29: 857-868.
65. Newsome S, Day AL, Catano VM. 2000. Assessing the predictive validity of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 29: 1005-1016.
66. Parker JDA, Taylor GJ, Bagby RM. 2001. The relationship between emotional intelligence and alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences 30: 107-115.
67. Paunonen SV. 1998. Hierarchical organization of personality and prediction of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 538-556.
68. Payne WL. 1986. A Study of Emotion: Developing Emotional Intelligence: Self-Integration; Relating to Fear, Pain and Desire.
69. Petrides KV, Furnham A. 2000a. Gender differences in measured and self-estimated trait emotional intelligence. Sex Roles 42: 449-461.
70. Petrides KV, Furnham A. 2000b. On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 29: 313-320.
71. Petrides KV, Furnham A, Frederickson N. Emotional intelligence: the case for self-report measures. (submitted).
72. Reiff HB, Hatzes NM, Bramel MH, Gibbon T. 2001. The relation of LD and gender with emotional intelligence in college students. Journal of Learning Disabilities 34: 66-78.
73. Richendoller NR, Weaver JB. 1994. Exploring the links between personality and empathic response style. Personality and Individual Differences 17: 303-311.
74. Roberts RD, Zeidner M, Matthews G. in press. Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. Emotion.
75. Salovey P, Mayer JD. 1990. Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 9: 185-211.
76. Salovey P, Mayer JD, Goldman S, Turvey C, Palfai T. 1995. Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood scale. In Emotion, Disclosure, and Health, Pennebaker JW (ed.). American Psychological Association: Washington, DC; 125-154.
77. Saucier G. 1992. Benchmarks: integrating affective and interpersonal circles with the Big-Five personality factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62: 1025-1035.
78. Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Hall LE, Haggerty DJ, Cooper JT, Golden CJ, Dornheim L. 1998. Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences 25: 167-177.
79. Steiger JH, Lind JC. 1980. Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. Iowa City, IA.
80. Steiner C. 1997. Achieving Emotional Literacy. Bloomsbury: London.
81. Tapia M. 2001. Measuring emotional intelligence. Psychological Reports 88: 353-364.
82. Taylor SE, Armor DA. 1996. Positive illusions and coping with adversity. Journal of Personality 64: 873-898.
83. Taylor SE, Brown JD. 1988. Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin 103: 193-210.
84. Tellegen A. 1985. Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma AH, Maser JD (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 681-706.
85. Thorndike EL. 1920. Intelligence and its uses. Harper's Magazine 140: 227-235.
86. Watson D. 2000. Mood and Temperament. Guilford: New York.
87. Watson D, Clark LA. 1997. Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In Handbook of Personality Psychology, Hogan R, Johnson J, Briggs S (eds). Academic: San Diego, CA; 767-793.
88. Wessinger H. 1998. Emotional Intelligence at Work. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
89. West SG, Finch JF, Curran PJ. 1995. Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: problems and remedies. In Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications, Hoyle RD (ed.). Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA; 56-75.
90. Zeidner M. 1995. Personality trait correlates of intelligence. In International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence, Saklfoske DH, Zeidner M (eds). Plenum: New York; 299-319.