Very low-field emission from aligned and opened carbon nanotube arrays

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 105, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 1519-1522

  Pan, Z W ^a   Au, Frederick C K ^a   Lai, H L ^a   Zhou, W Y ^a   Sun F, L ^b   Liu, Z Q ^b   Tang, D S ^b   Lee S, C ^c   Lee T, S ^c   Xie, S S ^c  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRON EMISSION; FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS;

FIELD EMISSION CURRENT DENSITY; FIELD EMITTERS; FIELD EMITTING ARRAYS;

CARBON NANOTUBES;

EID: 0035280575     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp0033824     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Iijima, S. Nature 1991,354, 56.
2. Iijima, S.; Ichihashi, T. Nature 1993, 363, 603.
3. Treacy, M. M. J.; Ebbesen, T. W.; Gibson, J. M. Nature 1995, 381, 678.
4. Wong, E. W.; Sheehan, P. E.; Lieber, C. M. Science 1997, 277, 1971.
5. Ebbesen.T. W.; Ajayanj, P. M.; Hiura, H.; Tanigaki, K. Nature 1994, 367, 519.
6. Ebbesen, T. W.; Lezec, H. J.; Hiura, H.; Bennett, J. W.; Ghaemi, H. F.; Thio, T. Nature 1996, 382, 54.
7. Frank, S.; Poncharal, P.; Wang, Z. L.; de Heer, W. A. Science 1998, 280, 1744.
8. Rinzler, A. G.; Hafner, J. H.; Nikolaev, P.; Lou, L.; Kim, S. G.; Tomanek, D.; Nordlander, P.; Colbert, D. T.; Smalley, R. E. Science 1995, 269, 1550.
9. de Heer, W. A.; Chatelain, A.; Ugarte, D. A. Science 1995, 270, 1179.
10. de Heer, W. A.; Bonard, J. M.; Fauth, K.; Chatelain, A.; Forro, L.; Ugarte, D. Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 87.
11. Fan, S. S.; Chapline, M. G.; Franklin, N. R.; Tombier, T. W.; Cassell, A. M.; Dai, H. J. Science 1998, 283, 512.
12. Bonard, J. M.; Salvetat, J. P.; Stockli, T.; de Heer, W. A.; Forro, L.; Chatelain, A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73, 918.
13. Bonard, J. M.; Salvetat, J. P.; Stockli, T.; Forro, L.; Chatelain, A, Appl. Phys. 1999, A 69, 245.
14. Xu, X. P.; Brandes, G. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 2549.
15. Zhu, W.; Bower, C; Zhou, O.; Kochanski, G.; Jin, S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 873.
16. Saito, Y.; Hamaguchi, K.; Hata, K.; Uchida, K.; Tasaka, Y.; Ikazaki, F.; Yumura, M.; Kasuya, A.; Nishina, Y. Nature 1997, 389, 554.
17. Saito, Y.; Hamaguchi, K.; Hata, K.; Tohji, K.; Kasuya, A.; Nishina, Y.; Uchida, K.; Tasaka, Y.; Ikazaki, F.; Yumura, M. Ultramicroscopy 1998, 73, 1.
18. Wang, Q. H.; Corrigan, T. D.; Dai, J. Y.; Chang, R. P. H.; Krauss, A. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 70, 3308.
19. Collins, P. G.; Zettl, A. Phys. Rev. B 1997, 55, 9391.
20. Pan, Z. W.; Xie, S. S.; Chang, B. H.; Wang, C. Y.; Lu, L.; Liu, W.; Zhou, W. Y.; Li, W. Z.; Qian, L. X. Nature 1998, 394, 631.
21. Pan, Z. W.; Xie, S. S.; Chang, B. H.; Sun, L. F.; Zhou, W. Y.; Wang, G. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 299, 97.
22. Zhu, W.; Kochanski, G.; Jin, S.; Seibles, L.J. Appl. Phys. 1995, 78, 2707.
23. Geis, M. W.; Twichell, J. C.; Macaulay, J.; Okano, K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 1328.
24. Wisitsora-at, A.; Kang, W. P.; Davidson, J. L.; Kerns, D. V. Appl. Pliys. Lett. 1997, 71, 3394.
25. Okano, K.; Koizumi, S.; Silva, S. R. P.; Amaratunga, G. A. J. Nature 1996, 381, 140.
26. Zhu, W.; Kochanski, G. P.; Jin, S. Science 1998, 282, 1471.
27. Fowler, R. H.; Nordheim, L. W. Proc. R. Soc. London A 1928, 119, 173.
28. Barbour, J. P.; Dolan, W. W.; Trolan, J. K.; Martin, E. E.; Dyke, W. P. Phys. Rev. 1953, 92, 45.
29. During field emission measurement, we noted that when the macroscopic electric field was higher than a specific value, for example, 4.5 V/μm, visible spark line usually emit from one or two points located at the edge of the nanotube array, and fly straight toward the anode. Thus, we believe that the local current density at the edges of a nanotube array may be large enough for a space-charge-limited effect.