Neoplastic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells after exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA and 847.74 MHz CDMA radiations

Radiation Research

Volumn 155, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 239-247

  Roti Roti, J L ^a,b   Malyapa, R S ^a   Bisht, K S ^a   Ahern, E W ^a   Moros, E G ^a   Pickard, W F ^a   Straube, W L ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Section of Cancer Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; C3H MOUSE; CELL DIVISION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; MOUSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION RESPONSE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; TELEPHONE; X RAY;

ANIMALS; CELL DIVISION; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; MICE; MICE, INBRED C3H; RADIO WAVES; TELEPHONE; X-RAYS;

EID: 0035219383     PISSN: 00337587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0239:NTICCA]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. J. E. Moulder, L. S. Erdreich, R. S. Malyapa, J. Merritt, W. F. Pickard and Vijayalaxmi, Cell phones and cancer: What is the evidence for a connection? Radiat. Res. 151, 513-531 (1999).
2. G. L. Carlo, Ed., Wireless Phones and Health: Scientific Progress. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.
3. I. B. Weinstein, A. M. Carothers, R. M. Santella and F. P. Perera, Molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis and multistage carcinogenesis. In The Molecular Basis of Cancer (J. Mendelsohn, P. M. Howley, M. A. Israel and L. A. Liotta, Eds.), p. 74. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995.
4. D. Brusick, R. Albertini, D. McRee, D. Peterson, G. Williams, P. Hanawalt and J. Preston, Genotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation. DNA/Genetox Expert Panel. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 32, 1-16 (1998).
5. H. Lai and N. P. Singh, Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 16, 207-210 (1995).
6. H. Lai and N. P. Singh, Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 69, 513-521 (1996).
7. H. Lai and N. P. Singh, Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 18, 446-454 (1997).
8. J. L. Phillips, O. Ivaschuk, T. Ishida-Jones, R. A. Jones, M. Campbell-Beachler and W. Haggren, DNA damage in Molt-4 T-lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cellular telephone radiofrequency fields in vitro. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerget. 45, 103-110 (1998).
9. R. S. Malyapa, E. W. Ahem, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation. Radiat. Res. 148, 608-617 (1997).
10. R. S. Malyapa, E. W. Ahern, C. Bi, W. L. Straube, M. LaRegina, W. F. Pickard and J. L. Roti Roti, DNA damage in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia. Radiat. Res. 149, 637-645 (1998).
11. R. S. Malyapa, E. W. Ahern, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz). Radiat. Res. 148, 618-627 (1997).
12. A. H. Frey, An integration of the data on mechanisms with particular reference to cancer. In On the Nature of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Systems (A. H. Frey, Ed.), pp. 9-28. R. G. Landes, Austin, TX, 1994.
13. S. F. Cleary, L. M. Liu and R. E. Merchant, Glioma proliferation modulated in vitro by isothermal radiofrequency radiation exposure. Radiat. Res. 121, 38-45 (1990).
14. T. A. Litovitz, D. Krause, M. Penafiel, E. C. Elson and J. M. Mullins, The role of coherence time in the effect of microwaves on ornithine decarboxylase activity. Bioelectromagnetics 14, 395-403 (1993).
15. J. L. Phillips, Effects of electromagnetic field exposure on gene transcription. J. Cell Biochem. 51, 381-386 (1993).
16. J. L. Phillips, W. Haggren, W. J. Thomas, T. Ishida-Jones and W. R. Adey, Magnetic field-induced changes in specific gene transcription. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1132, 140-144 (1992).
17. J. L. Phillips, W. Haggren, W. J. Thomas, T. Ishida-Jones and W. R. Adey, Effect of 72 Hz pulsed magnetic field exposure on ras p21 expression in CCRF-CEM cells. Cancer Biochem. Biophys. 13, 187-193 (1993).
18. P. C. Goswami, L. D. Albee, A. J. Parsian, J. D. Baty, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard, J. L. Roti Roti and C. R. Hunt, Proto-oncogene mRNA levels and activities of multiple transcription factors in C3H 10T1/2 murine embryonic fibroblasts exposed to 835.62 and 847.74 MHz cellular phone communication frequency radiation. Radiat. Res. 151, 300-309 (1999).
19. J. H. Frazelle, D. J. Abernethy and C. J. Boreiko, Factors influencing the promotion of transformation in chemically-initiated C3H/10T1/2 C18 mouse embryo fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 4, 709-715 (1983).
20. V. C. Dunkel, L. M. Schechtman, A. S. Tu, A. Sivak, R. A. Lubet and T. P. Cameron, Interlaboratory evaluation of the C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 12, 21-31 (1988).
21. E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek and G. H. Harrison, Evidence for microwave carcinogenesis in vitro. Carcinogenesis 6, 859-864 (1985).
22. E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek and G. H. Harrison, Survival and oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells after extended X irradiation. Radiat. Res. 104, 214-223 (1985).
23. E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek and G. H. Harrison, Induction of neoplastic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells by 2.45-GHz microwaves and phorbol ester. Radiat. Res. 117, 531-537 (1989).
24. E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek and G. H. Harrison, Neoplastic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells following exposure to 120-Hz modulated 2.45-GHz microwaves and phorbol ester tumor promoter. Radiat. Res. 126, 65-72 (1991).
25. A. R. Kennedy, S. Mondal, C. Heidelberger and J. B. Little, Enhancement of X-ray transformation by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in a cloned line of C3H mouse embryo cells. Cancer Res. 38, 439-443 (1978).
26. A. Han and M. M. Elkind, Transformation of mouse C3H/10T1/2 cells by single and fractionated doses of X-rays and fission-spectrum neutrons. Cancer Res. 39, 123-130 (1979).
27. L. Harisiadis, R. C. Miller, S. Harisiadis and E. J. Hall, Oncogenic transformation and hyperthermia. Br. J. Radiol. 53, 479-482 (1980).
28. E. P. Clark, G. M. Hahn and J. B. Little, Hyperthermic modulation of X-ray-induced oncogenic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Radiat. Res. 88, 619-622 (1981).
29. M. Watanabe, O. Nikaido and T. Sugahara, Simultaneous hyperthermia at 43°C reduces radiation-induced malignant transformation frequencies in golden hamster embryo cells. Int. J. Cancer 33, 483-489 (1984).
30. G. P. Raaphorst, E. I. Azzam, M. D. Sargent and J. Borsa, Oncogenic transformation of C3H10T1/2 mouse embryo cells by X-rays, hyperthermia, and combined treatments. Cancer Res. 46, 14-19 (1986).
31. J. W. Smith, W. E. Jackson, E. P. Clark and G. P. Raaphorst, Oncogenic potential of hyperthermia in combination with radiation. Int. J. Hyperthermia 10, 309-313 (1994).
32. C. A. Reznikoff, D. W. Brankow and C. Heidelberger, Establishment and characterization of a cloned line of C3H mouse embryo cells sensitive to post-confluence inhibition of division. Cancer Res. 33, 3231-3238 (1973).
33. IARC/NCI/EPA Working Group, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell transformation and standardization of transformation assays of established cell lines for the prediction of carcinogenic chemicals: Overview and recommended protocols. Cancer Res. 45, 2395-2399 (1985).
34. T. Kakunaga and H. Yamasaki, Eds., Transformation Assay of Established Cell Lines: Mechanisms and Application. Scientific Publication No. 67, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1985.
35. V. C. Dunkel, C. Rogers, S. H. H. Swierenga, R. L. Brillinger, J. P. W. Gilman and E. R. Nestmann, Recommended protocols based on a survey of current practice in genotoxicity testing laboratories: III. Cell transformation in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell, BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast and Syrian hamster embryo cell cultures. Mutat. Res. 246, 285-300 (1991).
36. C. A. Reznikoff, J. S. Bertram, D. W. Brankow and C. Heidelberger, Quantitative and qualitative studies of chemical transformation of cloned C3H mouse embryo cells sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of cell division. Cancer Res. 33, 3239-3249 (1973).
37. E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube and W. F. Pickard, The radial transmission line as a broad-band shielded exposure system for microwave irradiation of large numbers of culture flasks. Bioelectromagnetics 20, 65-80 (1999).
38. E. G. Moros and W. F. Pickard, On the assumption of negligible heat diffusion during the thermal measurement of a nonuniform specific absorption rate. Radiat. Res. 152, 312-320 (1999).
39. W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros and X. Fan, The experimental and numerical determination of SAR distributions within culture flasks in a dielectric loaded radial transmission line. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engin. 39, 202-208 (2000).
40. W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros and X. Fan, Simplified model and measurement of specific absorption rate distribution in a culture flask within a transverse electromagnetic mode exposure system. Bioelectromagnetics 20, 183-193 (1999).
41. E. K. Balcer-Kubiczek, G. H. Harrison and B. W. Thompson, Repair time for oncogenic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells subjected to protracted X-irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 51, 219-226 (1987).
42. J. L. Roti Roti, R. S. Malyapa and E. Ahern, Considerations regarding the use of in vitro transformation and alkaline comet assays to assess the carcinogenic potential of radiofrequency radiation. In Wireless Phones and Health: Scientific Progress (G. L. Carlo, Ed.), pp. 113-125. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.
43. E. J. Hall, Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 3rd ed. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1988.
44. L. J. Mordan, J. E. Martner and J. S. Bertram, Quantitative neoplastic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts: Dependence upon the size of the initiated cell colony at confluence. Cancer Res. 43, 4062-4067 (1983).
45. K. Imaida, M. Taki, S. Watanabe, Y. Kamimura, T. Ito, T. Yamaguchi, N. Ito and T. Shirai, The 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near-field used for cellular phones does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a medium-term liver bioassay. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 89, 995-1002 (1998).
46. M. R. Frei, R. E. Berger, S. J. Dusch, V. Guel, J. R. Jauchem, J. H. Merritt and M. A. Stedham, Chronic exposure of cancer-prone mice to low-level 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 19, 20-31 (1998).
47. R. Santini, M. Hosni, P. Deschaux and H. Pacheco, B16 melanoma development in black mice exposed to low-level microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 9, 105-107 (1988).
48. R. Y. Wu, H. Chiang, B. J. Shao, N. G. Li and Y. D. Fu, Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 15, 531-538 (1994).
49. J. C. Toler, W. W. Shelton, M. R. Frei, J. H. Merritt and M. A. Stedham, Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Radiat. Res. 148, 227-234 (1997).
50. C-K. Chou, A. W. Guy, L. L. Kunz, R. B. Johnson, J. J. Crowley and J. H. Krupp, Long-term, low-level microwave irradiation of rats. Bioelectromagnetics 13, 469-496 (1992).
51. M. H. Repacholi, A. Basten, V. Gebski, D. Noonan, J. Finnie and A. W. Harris, Lymphomas in Eμ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Radiat. Res. 147, 631-640 (1997).
52. S. Szmigielski, A. Szudzinski, A. Pietraszek, M. Bielec, M. Janiak and J. K. Wrembel, Accelerated development of spontaneous and benzopyrene-induced skin cancer in mice exposed to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 3, 179-191 (1982).
53. L. G. Salford, A. Brun, B. R. R. Persson and J. Eberhardt, Experimental studies of brain tumour development during exposure to continuous and pulsed 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerget. 30, 313-318 (1993).
54. R. Higashikubo, V. O. Culbreth, D. R. Spitz, M. C. LaRegina, W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros and J. L. Roti Roti, Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields have no effect on the in vivo proliferation of 9L brain tumor. Radiat. Res. 152, 665-671 (1999).