Management of peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication

Journal of the American Board of Family Practice

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 443-450

  Schainfeld, Robert M ^a  

^a ST ELIZABETH'S MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; LIPOPROTEIN A; PICOTAMIDE; TICLOPIDINE;

ARTERY DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; ISCHEMIA; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ARTERIES; EXERCISE; HUMANS; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; LIFE STYLE; MEDLINE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0035204120     PISSN: 08938652     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Weitz JI, Byrne J, Clagett GP, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities: a critical review. Circulation 1996; 94:3026-49.
2. Tabet S, Berg AO, for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for peripheral arterial disease. In: Guide to clinical preventive services: report of the US Preventive Services Task Force. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
3. Fowkes FG, Housley E, Cawood EH, Macintyre CC, Ruckley CV, Prescott RJ. Edinburgh Artery Study. Prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol 1991;20:384-92.
4. Leng GC, Fowkes FG. The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire: an improved version of the WHO/ Rose Questionnaire for use in epidemiological surveys. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:1101-09.
5. Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Working Group. J Vasc Surg 2000;31(1 Pt.2):S5-S14, S93-S101.
6. Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, Langer RD, Fronek A. The epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease: importance of identifying the population at risk. Vasc Med 1997;2:221-6.
7. Criqui MH, Denenberg JD, Langer RD, Fronek A. The epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease: importance of population at risk. Vasc Med 1997;2: 221-6.
8. Murabito JM, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Wilson WF. Intermittent claudication. A risk profile from The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997;96:44-9.
9. Ogren M, Hedblad B, Isacsson SO, Janzon L, Jungquist G, Lindell SE. Non-invasively detected carotid stenosis and ischaemic heart disease in men with leg arteriosclerosis. Lancet 1993;342:1138-41.
10. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Update on some epidemiologic features of intermittent claudication: the Framingham Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:13-8.
11. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and atherothrombotic brain infarction in men and women ≥ 62 years of age. Am J Cardiol 1994;74: 64-5.
12. McDaniel MD, Cronenwett JL. Basic data related to the natural history of intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg 1989;3:273-7.
13. Imparato AM, Kim GE, Davidson T, Crowley JG. Intermittent claudication: its natural course. Surgery 1975;78:795-9.
14. Hirsch AT, Treat-Jacobson D, Lando HA, Hatsukami DK. The role of tobacco cessation, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering therapies in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 1997;2:243-51.
15. Sixth report of the Joint National Committee on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VI). Arch Intern Med 1997;157: 2413-46.
16. Taylor LM Jr, Moneta GL, Sexton GJ, Schuff RA, Porter JM. Prospective blinded study of the relationship between plasma homocysteine and progression of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:8-19.
17. Cheng SW, Ting AC, Wong J. Lipoprotein (a) and its relationship to risk factors and severity of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997;14:17-23.
18. Fowkes FG. Epidemiology of peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 1997;131(Suppl):S29-S31.
19. Walsh JJ Jr, Cofelice M, Lumpkin D, Kerstein MD. Is screening for vascular disease a valuable proposition? J Cardiovasc Surg 1988;29:306-9.
20. Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Newman AB, Kuller LH, Hulley SB. Decreased ankle/arm blood pressure index and mortality in elderly women. JAMA 1993; 270:465-9.
21. Newman AB, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Vogt MT, Kuller LH. Morbidity and mortality in hypertensive adults with a low ankle/arm blood pressure index. JAMA 1993;270:487-9.
22. Vogt MT, McKenna M, Wolfson SK, Kuller LH. The relationship between ankle brachial index, other atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, smoking and mortality in older men and women. Atherosclerosis 1993;101:191-202.
23. Faulkner KW, House AK, Castleden WM. The effect of cessation of smoking on the accumulative survival rates of patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. Med J Aust 1983;1:217-9.
24. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult treatment Panel II). JAMA 1993;269:3015-23.
25. Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Hargarten ME, Wolfel EE, Brass EP. Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 1990;81:602-9.
26. Regensteiner JG, Gardner A, Hiatt WR. Exercise testing and exercise rehabilitation for patients with peripheral arterial disease: status in 1997. Vasc Med 1997;2:147-55.
27. Gardner AW, Poehlman ET. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995;274:975-80.
28. Izquierdo-Porrera AM, Gardner AW, Powell CC, Katzel LI. Effects of exercise rehabilitation on cardiovascular risk factors in older patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2000;31: 670-7.
29. Ernst E, Fialka V. A review of the clinical effectiveness of exercise therapy for intermittent claudication. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2357-60.
30. Dawson DL, Cutler BS, Meissner MH, Strandness DE Jr. Cilostazol has beneficial effects in treatment of intermittent claudication: results from a multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. Circulation 1998;98:678-86.
31. Dawson DL, DeMaioribus CA, Hagino RT, et al. The effect of withdrawal of drugs treating intermittent claudication. Am J Surg 1999;178:141-6.
32. Dawson DL, Cutler BS, Hiatt WR, et al. A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication. Am J Med 2000;109:523-30.
33. Lindgarde F, Jelnes R, Bjorkman H, et al. Conservative drug treatment in patients with moderately severe chronic occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Scandinavian Study Group. Circulation 1989;80: 1549-56.
34. Elam MB, Heckman J, Crouse JR, et al. Effect of the novel antiplatelet agent cilostazol on plasma lipoproteins in patients with intermittent claudication. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:1942-7.
35. Money SR, Herd JA, Isaacsohn JL, et al. Effect of cilostazol on walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication caused by peripheral vascular disease. J Vasc Surg 1998;27:267-74.
36. Beebe HG, Dawson DL, Cutler BS, et al. A new pharmacological treatment for intermittent claudication: results of a randomized, multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2041-50.
37. Data on file. Rockville, Md: Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, 2000.
38. Mallikaarjun S, Forbes WP, Bramer SL. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol and its metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999; 37(Suppl 2):33-40.
39. Bramer SL, Forbes WP. Effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of cilostazol. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999;37(Suppl 2): 25-32.
40. Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1468-75.
41. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy-I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
42. Krupski WC, Weiss DG, Rapp JH, Corson JD, Hobson RW 2nd. Adverse effects of aspirin in the treatment of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The VA Cooperative Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Study Group. J Vasc Surg 1992;16:588-97.
43. Janzon L, Bergqvist D, Boberg J, et al. Prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with intermittent claudication; effects of ticlopidine. Results from STIMS, the Swedish Ticlopidine Multicentre Study. J Intern Med 1990;227:301-8.
44. Bennett CL, Weinberg PD, Rozenberg-Ben-Dror K, Yarnold PR, Kwaan HC, Green D. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine. A review of 60 cases. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:541-4.
45. A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996;348:1329-39.
46. Bennett CL, Connors JM, Carwile JM, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with clopidogrel. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1773-7.
47. Olsson AG, Ruhn G, Erikson U. The effect of serum lipid regulation on the development of femoral atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemia: a non-randomized controlled study. J Intern Med 1990;227:381-90.
48. Cashin-Hemphill L, Mack WJ, Pogoda JM, Sanmarco ME, Azen SP, Blankenhorn DH. Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin on coronary atherosclerosis. A 4-year follow-up. JAMA 1990;264:3013-7.
49. Blankenhorn DH, Hodis HN. Treating serum lipid abnormalities in high-priority patients. Postgrad Med 1991;89:81-2, 87-90, 93-6.
50. Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Pyorala K, et al. Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S). Am J Cardiol 1998;81:333-5.
51. Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, Martone VD, Di Iorio A, Barletta G. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:777-80.
52. Scheffler P, de la Hamette D, Gross J, Mueller H, Schieffer H. Intensive vascular training in stage IIb of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The additive effects of intravenous prostaglandin E1 or intravenous pentoxifylline during training. Circulation 1994;90:818-22.
53. Hiatt WR. Current and future drug therapies for claudication. Vasc Med 1997;2:257-62.
54. Baumgartner I, Pieczek A, Manor O, et al. Constitutive expression of phVEGF165 after intramuscular gene transfer promotes collateral vessel development in patients with critical limb ischemia. Circulation 1998;97:1114-23.
55. Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM, Thiele W, Creutzig A, Alexander K, Frolich JC. Restoring vascular nitric oxide formation by L-arginine improves the symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1336-44.
56. Maxwell AJ, Anderson BE, Cooke JP. Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar. Vasc Med 2000;5:11-19.