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We thank D. Pollock, T. Leitner, and B. Bruno for suggestions concerning phylogenetics, maximum likelihood, and estimating the error on time of sampling; G. Shaw for suggesting the 1959 control; S. Wain-Hobson and C. Myers for clarifying discussions on the interpretation and limitations of these results; B. Foley and C. Kuiken for numerous helpful discussions; and K. Rock and J. Shepard for technical support. G. Olsen and J. Thorne generously supplied source code and helped us interpret their work. The research of the Los Alamos authors was supported under internal funds from the Delphi Project, S.W. and B.K. were supported by NIH (R01-HD37356), B.K. and M.M. were supported through the Pediatric AIDS Foundation, and an anonymous foundation supplied further support for S.W. B.H.H. was supported by grants NO1 Al 85338, RO1 Al 44596, and RO1 Al 40951 from NIH.
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