Molecular design of liquid-crystalline block molecules: Semifluorinated pentaerythritol tetrabenzoates exhibiting lamellar, columnar, and cubic mesophases

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 592-595

  Cheng, Xiao Hong ^a   Diele, Siegmar ^a   Tschierske, Carsten ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITÄT HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Interfaces; Liquid crystals; Micelles; Phase diagrams; Phase transitions

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; GEOMETRY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; X RAY ANALYSIS;

EID: 0034603018     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000204)39:3<592::AID-ANIE592>3.0.CO;2-O     Document Type: Article

References (43)

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13. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
14. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
15. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
16. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
17. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
18. Other liquid crystalline pentaerythritol derivatives have been reported, but their mesogenity was provided by extended anisometric (calamitic, disclike, or taper-shaped) rigid cores fixed to the pentaerythritol unit; calamitic units: R. Eidenschink, F.-H. Kreuzer, W. H. de Jeu, Liq. Cryst. 1990, 8, 879; K. Zab, D. Joachimi, O. Agert, B. Neumann, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 489; J. Andersch, S. Diele, D. Lose, C. Tschierske, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 103; K. Praefcke, P. Psaras, A. Eckert, Liq. Cryst. 1993, 13, 551; disclike units: J. L. Schulte, S. Laschat, V. Vill, E. Nishikawa, H. Finkelmann, M. Nimtz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2499; extended taper-shaped units: J. Malthête, New J. Chem. 1996, 20, 925.
19. Linear oligoalkylene amides without the possibility to form hydrogen bonds show columnar or smectic phases: U. Stebani, G. Lattermann, M. Wittenberg, J. H. Wendorff, J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 607.
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32. In only one case a transition from a thermotropic Pm3n phase to another micellar cubic phases was mentioned, see ref. [4c].
33. 3.
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39. A phase and from the M phase is kinetically hindered. Therefore the M phase can be cooled down to room temperature and the cubic phase only develops slowly. Once formed it can be heated to 54-56 C where the transition to the M phase occurs.
40. A phase (ribbon phase) or a noncubic 3D phase as, for example, a tetragonal phase: A. M. Levelut, B. Donnio, D. W. Bruce, Liq. Cryst. 1997, 22, 753; M. C. Holmes, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 3, 485. However, because of the rather low viscosity a ribbon phase seems to be more likely. Here the smectic layers are interrupted in regular intervals with formation of ribbonlike segments. These segments are arranged in a 2D lattice.
41. A phase (ribbon phase) or a noncubic 3D phase as, for example, a tetragonal phase: A. M. Levelut, B. Donnio, D. W. Bruce, Liq. Cryst. 1997, 22, 753; M. C. Holmes, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 3, 485. However, because of the rather low viscosity a ribbon phase seems to be more likely. Here the smectic layers are interrupted in regular intervals with formation of ribbonlike segments. These segments are arranged in a 2D lattice.
42. B. E. Smart in Organoflourine Chemistry, Principles and Commercial Applications (Eds.: R. E. Banks, B. E. Smart, J. C. Tatlow), Plenum, New York, 1994, p. 57.
43. Compounds 1H - 3H and 1F - 3F are also amphiphilic in a wider sense, because they are built up of two incompatible units, but in contrast to classical amphiphiles, the mesophases of compounds 1F -3F could not be changed by the addition of protic solvents.