Fluorophobic Effect Generates a Systematic Approach to the Synthesis of the Simplest Class of Rodlike Liquid Crystals Containing a Single Benzene Unit

Chemistry of Materials

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 164-175

  Johansson, G ^a   Percec, V ^a   Ungar, G ^b   Smith, K ^b  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000831208     PISSN: 08974756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cm960267q     Document Type: Article

References (57)

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14. For representative publications on thermotropic liquid crystal phases from semifluorinated alkanes, see: (a) Rabolt, J. F.; Russell, T. P.; Twieg, R. J. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2786. (b) Mahler, W.; Guillon, D.; Skoulios, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett. 1985, 2, 111. (b) Viney, C.; Twieg, R. J.; Gordon, B. R.; Rabolt, J. F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 198, 285. (c) Höpken, J.; Pugh, C.; Richtering, W.; Möller, M. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 911. (d) Höpken, J.; Faulstich, S.; Möller, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 210, 59.
15. For representative publications on thermotropic liquid crystal phases from semifluorinated alkanes, see: (a) Rabolt, J. F.; Russell, T. P.; Twieg, R. J. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2786. (b) Mahler, W.; Guillon, D.; Skoulios, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett. 1985, 2, 111. (b) Viney, C.; Twieg, R. J.; Gordon, B. R.; Rabolt, J. F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 198, 285. (c) Höpken, J.; Pugh, C.; Richtering, W.; Möller, M. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 911. (d) Höpken, J.; Faulstich, S.; Möller, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 210, 59.
16. For representative publications on thermotropic liquid crystal phases from semifluorinated alkanes, see: (a) Rabolt, J. F.; Russell, T. P.; Twieg, R. J. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2786. (b) Mahler, W.; Guillon, D.; Skoulios, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett. 1985, 2, 111. (b) Viney, C.; Twieg, R. J.; Gordon, B. R.; Rabolt, J. F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 198, 285. (c) Höpken, J.; Pugh, C.; Richtering, W.; Möller, M. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 911. (d) Höpken, J.; Faulstich, S.; Möller, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 210, 59.
17. For representative publications on thermotropic liquid crystal phases from semifluorinated alkanes, see: (a) Rabolt, J. F.; Russell, T. P.; Twieg, R. J. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2786. (b) Mahler, W.; Guillon, D.; Skoulios, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett. 1985, 2, 111. (b) Viney, C.; Twieg, R. J.; Gordon, B. R.; Rabolt, J. F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 198, 285. (c) Höpken, J.; Pugh, C.; Richtering, W.; Möller, M. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 911. (d) Höpken, J.; Faulstich, S.; Möller, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 210, 59.
18. For representative publications on thermotropic liquid crystal phases from semifluorinated alkanes, see: (a) Rabolt, J. F.; Russell, T. P.; Twieg, R. J. Macromolecules 1984, 17, 2786. (b) Mahler, W.; Guillon, D.; Skoulios, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett. 1985, 2, 111. (b) Viney, C.; Twieg, R. J.; Gordon, B. R.; Rabolt, J. F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1991, 198, 285. (c) Höpken, J.; Pugh, C.; Richtering, W.; Möller, M. Makromol. Chem. 1988, 189, 911. (d) Höpken, J.; Faulstich, S.; Möller, M. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 210, 59.
19. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
20. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
21. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
22. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
23. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
24. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
25. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
26. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
27. For selected examples of thermotropic mesophases formed from semifluorinated polymers, see: (a) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6212. (b) Davidson, T.; Griffin, A. C.; Wilson, L. M.; Windl, A. H. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 354. (c) Jariwala, C. P.; Mathias, L. J. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5129. (d) Hoyle, C. E.; Kang, D.; Jariwala, C.; Griffin, A. C. Polymer 1993, 34, 3070. (e) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 17, 277. (f) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1921. (g) Wilson, L. M.; Griffin, A. C. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4611. (h) Wilson, L. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 347. (i) Wilson, L. M. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 18, 347.
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