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Bremner J., Southwick S., Charney D. The neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: an integration of animal and human research. Saigh P., Bremner J. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a Comprehensive Text. 1999;103-143 Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA. This is the most comprehensive of the recent reviews of the neurobiology of PTSD incorporating an extensive discussion of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems, neuroendocrine systems, and the impact of stress upon neurocognitive biology.
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16
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Chemtob C.M., Roitblat H.L., Hamada R.S., Muraoka M.Y., Carlson J.G., Bauer G.B. Compelled attention: the effects of viewing trauma-related stimuli on concurrent task performance in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 12:1999;309-326.
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17
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Using an auditory evoked potential "oddball" mismatch negativity paradigm, this study describes differences in preconscious auditory processing at time point P50 in patients with PTSD. This builds upon earlier data reporting similar differences in PTSD patients at time point P300 which is instead a measure of attentional processing. These studies provide a template from which future fMRI studies of PTSD patients might be constructed.
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Morgan C., Grillon C. Abnormal mismatch negativity in women with sexual assault-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;827-832. Using an auditory evoked potential "oddball" mismatch negativity paradigm, this study describes differences in preconscious auditory processing at time point P50 in patients with PTSD. This builds upon earlier data reporting similar differences in PTSD patients at time point P300 which is instead a measure of attentional processing. These studies provide a template from which future fMRI studies of PTSD patients might be constructed.
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Morgan, C.1
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18
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Skinner R.D., Rasco L.M., Fitzgerald J., Karson C.M., Matthew M., Williams D.K., Garcia-Rill E. Reduced sensory gating of the P1 potential in rape victims and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 9:1999;122-130.
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AE Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part II: Brain development
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De Bellis M.D., Keshavan M.S., Clark D.B., Casey B.J., Giedd J., Boring A.M., Frustaci K., Ryan N.D. AE Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part II: Brain development. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;1271-1284.
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Ryan, N.D.8
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20
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MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
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Bremner J.D., Randall P., Vermetten E., Staib L., Bronen R.A., Capelli S., Mazure C.M., McCarthy G., Charney D.S., Innis R.B. MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 152:1995;973-981.
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McCarthy, G.8
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21
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0032723933
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Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
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Bremner J., Narayan M., Staib L., Southwick S., McGlashan T., Charney D. Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;1787-1795.
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Bremner, J.1
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22
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Brain activation in PTSD in response to trauma-related stimuli
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Liberzon I., Taylor S.F., Amdur R., Jung T.D., Chamberlain K.R., Minoshima S., Koeppa R.A., Fig L.M. Brain activation in PTSD in response to trauma-related stimuli. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;817-826.
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Biol Psychiatry
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Liberzon, I.1
Taylor, S.F.2
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Chamberlain, K.R.5
Minoshima, S.6
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Fig, L.M.8
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23
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0032946734
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Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation
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This study illustrates the use of script-driven guided mental imagery as a symptom provocation technique in patients with PTSD during functional brain imaging.
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Shin L.M., McNally R.J., Kosslyn S.M., Thompson W.L., Rauch S.L., Alpert N.M., Metzger L.J., Lasko N.B., Orr S.P., Pitman R.K. Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: a PET investigation. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;575-584. This study illustrates the use of script-driven guided mental imagery as a symptom provocation technique in patients with PTSD during functional brain imaging.
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(1999)
Am J Psychiatry
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Shin, L.M.1
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Kosslyn, S.M.3
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Rauch, S.L.5
Alpert, N.M.6
Metzger, L.J.7
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Orr, S.P.9
Pitman, R.K.10
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24
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0033120011
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Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: A positron emission tomography study
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Bremner J.D., Staib L.H., Kaloupek D., Southwick S.M., Soufer R., Charney D.S. Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;806-816.
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Biol Psychiatry
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Bremner, J.D.1
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Kaloupek, D.3
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Charney, D.S.6
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25
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0032923375
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Medial frontal cortex involvement in PTSD symptoms: A SPECT study
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Zubieta J.K., Chinitz J.A., Lombardi U., Fig L.M., Cameron O.G., Liberzon I. Medial frontal cortex involvement in PTSD symptoms: a SPECT study. J Psychiatr Res. 33:1999;259-264.
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J Psychiatr Res
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Zubieta, J.K.1
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26
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Nemeroff C.B. The neurobiology of depression. Sci Am. 278:1998;28-35.
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Plotsky P.M., Owens M.J., Nemeroff C.B. Psychoneuroendocrinology of depression: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 21:1998;293-307.
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28
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0032905877
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Serial CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone levels and adrenocortical activity in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
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Utilizing serial CSF samples over a 6 hour period in conjunction with urinary cortisol measurement, this study provides the most definitive evidence to date for the discrepant finding that low peripheral cortisol levels persist in PTSD patients despite CRF hypersecretion in the central nervous system.
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Baker D.G., West S.A., Nicholson W.E., Ekhator N.N., Kasckow J.W., Hill K.K., Bruce A.B., Orth D.N., Geracioti T.D. Jr. Serial CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone levels and adrenocortical activity in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;585-588. Utilizing serial CSF samples over a 6 hour period in conjunction with urinary cortisol measurement, this study provides the most definitive evidence to date for the discrepant finding that low peripheral cortisol levels persist in PTSD patients despite CRF hypersecretion in the central nervous system.
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(1999)
Am J Psychiatry
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Baker, D.G.1
West, S.A.2
Nicholson, W.E.3
Ekhator, N.N.4
Kasckow, J.W.5
Hill, K.K.6
Bruce, A.B.7
Orth, D.N.8
Geracioti T.D., Jr.9
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29
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0344359767
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Differential regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors mRNA and fast feedback: Relevance to post-traumatic stress disorder
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This preclinical rat study suggests that changes in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors may underlie the enhanced HPA axis negative feedback often associated with PTSD. This could explain the enigma of hypocortisolemia despite CRF hypersecretion in patients with PTSD.
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Liberzon I., Lopez J.F., Flagel S.B., Vazquez D.M., Young E.A. Differential regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors mRNA and fast feedback: relevance to post-traumatic stress disorder. J Neuroendocrinol. 11:1999;11-17. This preclinical rat study suggests that changes in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors may underlie the enhanced HPA axis negative feedback often associated with PTSD. This could explain the enigma of hypocortisolemia despite CRF hypersecretion in patients with PTSD.
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(1999)
J Neuroendocrinol
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Liberzon, I.1
Lopez, J.F.2
Flagel, S.B.3
Vazquez, D.M.4
Young, E.A.5
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30
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Liberzon I., Abelson J.L., Flagel S.B., Raz J., Young E.A. Neuroendocrine and psychophysiologic responses in PTSD: a symptom provocation study. Neuropsychopharmacology. 21:1999;40-50.
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Neuropsychopharmacology
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Liberzon, I.1
Abelson, J.L.2
Flagel, S.B.3
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Young, E.A.5
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31
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0033561925
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AE Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part I: Biological stress systems
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De Bellis M.D., Baum A.S., Birmaher B., Keshavan M.S., Eccard C.H., Boring A.M., Jenkins F.J., Ryan N.D. AE Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part I: Biological stress systems. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;1259-1270.
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(1999)
Biol Psychiatry
, vol.45
, pp. 1259-1270
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De Bellis, M.D.1
Baum, A.S.2
Birmaher, B.3
Keshavan, M.S.4
Eccard, C.H.5
Boring, A.M.6
Jenkins, F.J.7
Ryan, N.D.8
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32
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0032820631
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Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers
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Although the subjects in this study did not have PTSD and the biological methodology was somewhat limited, this study highlights the need for premorbid neurobiological screening in at-risk populations.
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Aardal-Eriksson E., Eriksson T.E., Holm A-C., Lundin T. Salivary cortisol and serum prolactin in relation to stress rating scales in a group of rescue workers. Biol Psychiatry. 46:1999;850-855. Although the subjects in this study did not have PTSD and the biological methodology was somewhat limited, this study highlights the need for premorbid neurobiological screening in at-risk populations.
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(1999)
Biol Psychiatry
, vol.46
, pp. 850-855
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Aardal-Eriksson, E.1
Eriksson, T.E.2
Holm, A.-C.3
Lundin, T.4
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33
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0032588166
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3 levels and their association with symptoms in World War II veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Replication of findings in Vietnam combat veterans
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This study builds upon previous work indicating that the HPT axis is hyperactive in patients with PTSD and thus may act to sustain the anxiety associated with the disorder.
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3 levels and their association with symptoms in World War II veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: replication of findings in Vietnam combat veterans. Psychosom Med. 61:1999;131-138. This study builds upon previous work indicating that the HPT axis is hyperactive in patients with PTSD and thus may act to sustain the anxiety associated with the disorder.
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(1999)
Psychosom Med
, vol.61
, pp. 131-138
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Wang, S.1
Mason, J.2
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34
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0032811148
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Yohimbine use in a natural setting: Effects on posttraumatic stress disorder
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Southwick S., Morgan C., Charney D., High J. Yohimbine use in a natural setting: effects on posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 46:1999;442-444.
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(1999)
Biol Psychiatry
, vol.46
, pp. 442-444
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Southwick, S.1
Morgan, C.2
Charney, D.3
High, J.4
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35
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0032587497
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Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor coupling efficiency to Gi protein in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal controls
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Gurguis G.N., Andrews R., Antai-Otong D., Vo S.P., Dikis E.J., Orsulak P.J., Rush A.J. Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor coupling efficiency to Gi protein in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal controls. Psychopharmacology. 141:1999;258-266.
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(1999)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.141
, pp. 258-266
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Gurguis, G.N.1
Andrews, R.2
Antai-Otong, D.3
Vo, S.P.4
Dikis, E.J.5
Orsulak, P.J.6
Rush, A.J.7
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36
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0032588242
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Neutrophil beta2-adrenergic receptor coupling efficiency to Gs protein in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal controls
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Gurguis G.N., Andrews R., Antai-Otong D., Vo S.P., Blakely J.E., Orsulak P.J., Rush A.J. Neutrophil beta2-adrenergic receptor coupling efficiency to Gs protein in subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder and normal controls. Psychopharmacology. 143:1999;131-140.
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(1999)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.143
, pp. 131-140
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Gurguis, G.N.1
Andrews, R.2
Antai-Otong, D.3
Vo, S.P.4
Blakely, J.E.5
Orsulak, P.J.6
Rush, A.J.7
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37
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0033082536
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Elevated lipid levels in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
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This study would seem to indicate that patients with PTSD may be at higher risk for developing coronary artery disease due to abnormal serum lipid profiles. More importantly, the study identifies what is probably a medically significant consequence of the noradrenergic dysfunction evidenced in PTSD. Similar lipid abnormalities have been demonstrated in panic disorder, another anxiety disorder associated with noradrenergic hyperactivity.
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Kagan B.L., Leskin G., Haas B., Wilkins J., Foy D. Elevated lipid levels in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;374-377. This study would seem to indicate that patients with PTSD may be at higher risk for developing coronary artery disease due to abnormal serum lipid profiles. More importantly, the study identifies what is probably a medically significant consequence of the noradrenergic dysfunction evidenced in PTSD. Similar lipid abnormalities have been demonstrated in panic disorder, another anxiety disorder associated with noradrenergic hyperactivity.
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(1999)
Biol Psychiatry
, vol.45
, pp. 374-377
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Kagan, B.L.1
Leskin, G.2
Haas, B.3
Wilkins, J.4
Foy, D.5
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38
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0344197609
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Low CSF concentration of a dopamine metabolite in tobacco smokers
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Geracioti T.D. Jr., West S.A., Baker D.G., Hill K.K., Ekhator N.N., Wortman M.D., Keck P.E. Jr., Norman A.B. Low CSF concentration of a dopamine metabolite in tobacco smokers. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;130-132.
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Am J Psychiatry
, vol.156
, pp. 130-132
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Geracioti T.D., Jr.1
West, S.A.2
Baker, D.G.3
Hill, K.K.4
Ekhator, N.N.5
Wortman, M.D.6
Keck P.E., Jr.7
Norman, A.B.8
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39
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0033084231
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2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) "a" system alleles, or DRD2 haplotypes, and posttraumatic stress disorder
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2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) "A" system alleles, or DRD2 haplotypes, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;620-625.
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(1999)
Biol Psychiatry
, vol.45
, pp. 620-625
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Gelernter, J.1
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Morgan, A.4
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Charney, D.S.6
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40
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0032448204
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NMDA receptors mediate lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior produced by the stress of predator exposure - implications for anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder
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The primary innovation in this study is the application of a predator exposure model in which a rat is placed into a controlled testing environment for a brief period with a cat. This novel approach to traumatic exposure (without harming the test animal) may prove a suitable homologous model for preclinical PTSD research.
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Adamec R.E., Burton P., Shallow T., Budgell J. NMDA receptors mediate lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior produced by the stress of predator exposure - implications for anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Physiol Behav. 65:1999;723-737. The primary innovation in this study is the application of a predator exposure model in which a rat is placed into a controlled testing environment for a brief period with a cat. This novel approach to traumatic exposure (without harming the test animal) may prove a suitable homologous model for preclinical PTSD research.
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(1999)
Physiol Behav
, vol.65
, pp. 723-737
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Adamec, R.E.1
Burton, P.2
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Budgell, J.4
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41
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0032464899
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